One for all and all for one: retention of colour‐unchanged old flowers increases pollinator attraction in a hermaphroditic plant

Plant Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-175 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Teixido ◽  
M. O. Duarte ◽  
I. Ballego‐Campos ◽  
D. Sanín ◽  
J. S. Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Hermaphroditic Plant

scholarly journals Limited Dispersal, Deleterious Mutations and the Evolution of Sex

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 142 (3) ◽  
pp. 1053-1060
Author(s):  
Joel R Peck
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Genetic Locus ◽  
Genetic Material ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Deleterious Mutations ◽  
Animal Populations ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Hermaphroditic Plant

Abstract This study presents a mathematical model that allows for some offspring to be dispersed at random, while others stay close to their mothers. A single genetic locus is assumed to control fertility, and this locus is subject to the occurrence of deleterious mutations. It is shown that, at equilibrium, the frequency of deleterious mutations in the population is inversely related to the rate of dispersal. This is because dispersal of offspring leads to enhanced competition among adults. The results also show that sexual reproduction can lead to a decrease in the equilibrium frequency of deleterious mutations. The reason for this relationship is that sex involves the dispersal of genetic material, and thus, like the dispersal of offspring, sex enhances competition among adults. The model is described using the example of a hermaphroditic plant population. However, the results should apply to animal populations as well.

Cryptic dioecy in Actinidia polygama: a test of the pollinator attraction hypothesis

2004 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuhiro Kawagoe ◽  
Nobuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Production ◽  
Sexual System ◽  
Dioecious Species ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Cryptic Dioecy ◽  
Actinidia Polygama ◽  
Unisexual Flowers ◽  
Sterile Pollen ◽  
Female Flowers

Female flowers of some dioecious species are known to develop stamens with sterile pollen, a sexual system known as cryptic dioecy. A convincing hypothesis explaining this phenomenon is that stamens in female flowers attract pollinators and so ensure seed production. However, because this hypothesis has rarely been tested experimentally, we tested it in a cryptically dioecious species, Actinidia polygama (Sieb. et Zucc.) Planch. ex Maxim. Our findings show that pollinators do not show a consistent preference based on the sex of the flowers, and that the removal of stamens from female flowers results in a significant reduction in the frequency of insect visits and fruit production. These results strongly support the pollinator attraction hypothesis in A. polygama. Given the evident role of stamens in female flowers in A. polygama reproduction, we discuss why cryptic dioecy is a rare phenomenon.Key words: Actinidia polygama, cryptic dioecy, pseudopollen, pollinator attraction, unisexual flowers.

scholarly journals Relative Role of Flower Color and Scent on Pollinator Attraction: Experimental Tests using F1 and F2 Hybrids of Daylily and Nightlily

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. e39010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shun K. Hirota ◽  
Kozue Nitta ◽  
Yuni Kim ◽  
Aya Kato ◽  
Nobumitsu Kawakubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
Relative Role ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
F2 Hybrids

The Floral Microbiome: Plant, Pollinator, and Microbial Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 363-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel L. Vannette
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Plant Variation ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Floral Phenotype ◽  
Bacteria And Fungi ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Microbial Effects

Flowers at times host abundant and specialized communities of bacteria and fungi that influence floral phenotypes and interactions with pollinators. Ecological processes drive variation in microbial abundance and composition at multiple scales, including among plant species, among flower tissues, and among flowers on the same plant. Variation in microbial effects on floral phenotype suggests that microbial metabolites could cue the presence or quality of rewards for pollinators, but most plants are unlikely to rely on microbes for pollinator attraction or reproduction. From a microbial perspective, flowers offer opportunities to disperse between habitats, but microbial species differ in requirements for and benefits received from such dispersal. The extent to which floral microbes shape the evolution of floral traits, influence fitness of floral visitors, and respond to anthropogenic change is unclear. A deeper understanding of these phenomena could illuminate the ecological and evolutionary importance of floral microbiomes and their role in the conservation of plant–pollinator interactions.

scholarly journals Automatic Identification of Players in the Flavonoid Biosynthesis with Application on the Biomedicinal Plant Croton tiglium

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1103
Author(s):  
Boas Pucker ◽  
Franziska Reiher ◽  
Hanna Marie Schilbert
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Similarity ◽  
Transcriptome Assembly ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Automatic Identification ◽  
Amino Acid Residues ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
Pollinator Attraction ◽  
Biotechnological Potential ◽  
Knowledge Based ◽  
Croton Tiglium

The flavonoid biosynthesis is a well-characterised model system for specialised metabolism and transcriptional regulation in plants. Flavonoids have numerous biological functions such as UV protection and pollinator attraction, but also biotechnological potential. Here, we present Knowledge-based Identification of Pathway Enzymes (KIPEs) as an automatic approach for the identification of players in the flavonoid biosynthesis. KIPEs combines comprehensive sequence similarity analyses with the inspection of functionally relevant amino acid residues and domains in subjected peptide sequences. Comprehensive sequence sets of flavonoid biosynthesis enzymes and knowledge about functionally relevant amino acids were collected. As a proof of concept, KIPEs was applied to investigate the flavonoid biosynthesis of the medicinal plant Croton tiglium on the basis of a transcriptome assembly. Enzyme candidates for all steps in the biosynthesis network were identified and matched to previous reports of corresponding metabolites in Croton species.

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