Is floral morphology a good predictor of floral visitors to Antirrhineae (snapdragons and relatives)?

Plant Biology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 515-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Guzmán ◽  
J. M. Gómez ◽  
P. Vargas
Keyword(s):  
Good Predictor ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Floral Visitors

scholarly journals Patterns of floral morphology in relation to climate and floral visitors

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Urs K Weber ◽  
Scott L Nuismer ◽  
Anahí Espíndola
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Floral Variation ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Pollinator Fauna

Abstract Background and Aims The diversity of floral morphology among plant species has long captured the interest of biologists and led to the development of a number of explanatory theories. Floral morphology varies substantially within species, and the mechanisms maintaining this diversity are diverse. One possibility is that spatial variation in the pollinator fauna drives the evolution of spatially divergent floral ecotypes adapted to the local suite of pollinators. Another possibility is that geographic variation in the abiotic environment and local climatic conditions favours different floral morphologies in different regions. Although both possibilities have been shown to explain floral variation in some cases, they have rarely been competed against one another using data collected from large spatial scales. In this study, we assess floral variation in relation to climate and floral visitors in four oil-reward-specialized pollination interactions. Methods We used a combination of large-scale plant and pollinator samplings, morphological measures and climatic data. We analysed the data using spatial approaches, as well as traditional multivariate and structural equation modelling approaches. Key Results Our results indicate that the four species have different levels of specialization, and that this can be explained by their climatic niche breadth. In addition, our results show that, at least for some species, floral morphology can be explained by the identity of floral visitors, with climate having only an indirect effect. Conclusions Our results demonstrate that, even in very specialized interactions, both biotic and abiotic variables can explain a substantial amount of intraspecific variation in floral morphology.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF FLORAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MELON HYBRIDS (Cucumis melo L.) IN POLLINATOR ATTRACTIVENESS

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
LÚCIA HELENA PIEDADE KIILL ◽  
EDSÂNGELA DE ARAÚJO FEITOZA ◽  
KÁTIA MARIA MEDEIROS DE SIQUEIRA ◽  
MÁRCIA DE FÁTIMA RIBEIRO ◽  
EVA MÔNICA SARMENTO DA SILVA
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Nectar Production ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Male Flowers ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Yellow Type ◽  
Cucumis Melo L ◽  
Simultaneous Flowering ◽  
Plant Pollinator ◽  
Corolla Diameter

ABSTRACT Floral morphology and biology are important characteristics for plant-pollinator interactions and may influence the behavior of these agents. This study aimed to determine which floral attributes of different melon hybrids influence this interaction and, consequently, their attractiveness in simultaneous crops. The study was conducted in the region of Petrolina, State of Pernambuco (PE)/Juazeiro, State of Bahia (BA) and Mossoró, State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN), in areas with the following melon hybrids: Yellow type, Piel de Sapo, Cantaloupe and Galia. For studies on floral morphology and biology, hermaphrodites and male flowers of each hybrid were analyzed for their size and nectar chamber size, pollen and nectar production, anthesis time and flower lifespan. Floral visitors were observed simultaneously in hybrids of three types of melon, from 5:00 a.m. to 6:00 p.m., in the two study sites. Evaluations of the corolla diameter and flower height indicated that the hermaphrodite flowers were larger in size than male flowers in all types of melon investigated, in both study sites. As for nectar chamber, male flowers are larger in width, but smaller in height, compared to hermaphrodite flowers. Regarding the volume of nectar, differences were found between floral types for the hybrids evaluated, in the two study sites; the hermaphrodite flowers produced 2-7 times more nectar than male flowers in all studied hybrids. Observations of visits of Apis mellifera to areas with simultaneous flowering of the three types of melon demonstrated differences in the frequency of visits between hybrids, floral type and foraged resource. Flowers of the hybrids Piel de Sapo and Cantaloupe exhibited larger corolla diameter, larger dimensions of the nectar chamber and greater supply of resources for foraging, which could explain the higher number of visits of bees to their flowers in the sites studied.

scholarly journals Gynomonoecy in a mycoheterotrophic orchid Eulophia zollingeri with autonomous selfing hermaphroditic flowers and putatively outcrossing female flowers

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e10272
Author(s):  
Kenji Suetsugu
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Set ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Extreme Case ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Mixed Mating ◽  
Pollinator Limitation ◽  
Orchid Species ◽  
System A ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Female Flowers

Most orchid species exhibit an extreme case of hermaphroditism, owing to the fusion of male and female organs into a gynostemium. Exceptions to this rule have only been reported from the subtribes Catasetinae and Satyriinae. Here, I report an additional orchidaceous example whose flowers are not always hermaphroditic. In several Japanese populations of Eulophia zollingeri (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm, a widespread Asian and Oceanian orchid, some flowers possess both the anther (i.e., anther cap and pollinaria) and stigma, whereas others possess only the stigma. Therefore, pollination experiments, an investigation of floral morphology and observations of floral visitors were conducted to understand the reproductive biology of E. zollingeri in Miyazaki Prefecture, Japan. It was confirmed that E. zollingeri studied here possesses a gynomonoecious reproductive system, a sexual system in which a single plant has both female flowers and hermaphroditic flowers. In addition, hermaphroditic flowers often possess an effective self-pollination system while female flowers could avoid autogamy but suffered from severe pollinator limitation, due to a lack of agamospermy and low insect-mediated pollination. The present study represents the first documented example of gynomonoecy within Orchidaceae. Gynomonoecy in E. zollingeri may be maintained by the tradeoff in reproductive traits between female flowers (with low fruit set but potential outcrossing benefits) and hermaphroditic flowers (with high fruit set but inbreeding depression in selfed offspring). This mixed mating is probably important in mycoheterotrophic E. zollingeri because it occurs in shaded forest understorey with a paucity of pollinators.

scholarly journals Reproductive biology of Kalanchoe laetivirens (Crassulaceae) in the edaphoclimatic conditions of Santa Catarina, Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. e27010111567
Author(s):  
Leonardo Norberto de Sousa Filho ◽  
Jean Bressan Albarello ◽  
Mayara Martins Cardozo ◽  
Márcia Regina Faita ◽  
Cristina Magalhães Ribas dos Santos
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Pollen Germination ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grain ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
In Vitro Germination ◽  
Egg Ratio ◽  
Trophic Resources ◽  
Floral Visitors

Crassulaceae of the Kalanchoe laetivirens species have ornamental potential, but are poorly studied, especially their reproductive biology and trophic resources made available to visitors. The aim of this study, therefore, was to characterize the reproductive system of K. laetivirens through analyses of floral morphology, trophic resources and floral visitors. Floral structures, pollen / egg ratio, in vitro pollen germination, pollen grain structure in scanning microscopy and the availability of trophic resources by the evaluation of potential and instant nectar were described. The survey of floral visitors was carried out, and the pollen and nectar collection frequencies were recorded. The results show that the species has tubular flowers, complete with tetramer calyx and corolla, eight epipetalous stamens and four pistils with pluriovulated ovaries. Based on pollen / ovule ratio, this species is optionally autogamous. Morphologically, the pollen grain is small, tricolporate and has radial symmetrywith in vitro germination facilitated in the presence of sucrose (20%). Visitors mostly collected pollen with the highest frequency of visits at 9:30 am. The production of instant nectar had little variation between the evaluated times. The results are relevant to the understanding of the reproductive biology of Kalanchoe laetivirens and its relationship with floral visitors.

scholarly journals Diversity of floral visitors to sympatric Lithophragma species differing in floral morphology

Oecologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 162 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Cuautle ◽  
John N. Thompson
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Floral Visitors

scholarly journals Floral and reproductive biology and pollinators of Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg., neglected species

2021 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. e55816
Author(s):  
Karina Guollo ◽  
Américo Wagner Junior ◽  
Carlos Kosera Neto ◽  
Juliana Cristina Radaelli
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Biology ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Reproductive Efficiency ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Morphology And Morphometry ◽  
Effective Pollinators

Studies on the Myrtaceae family are mainly distributed in floristic surveys, reproductive studies of plant communities or related to family taxonomy. Based on this, the objective of the present study was to elucidate aspects of floral and reproductive biology and, of floral visitors from Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg., a neglected species. Information was obtained on floral morphology and morphometry, anthesis, nectary, and structures attractive to pollinators, characterization of pollinators, receptiveness of stigma and maturing of the androecium components, and characterization of the reproductive system. Sete-capote tree has hermaphrodite flowers, and the floral opening occurs mainly during the daytime. Pollen grains was the main resource offered to pollinators. The flowers had mellow sweet odor, attracting mainly native bees and Apis melifera, which was characterized as effective pollinators. The species presents high reproductive efficiency and could be considered self-compatible; however, fertilization also occurs by cross-pollination.

scholarly journals Pollinators of Oxypetalum (Asclepiadaceae) in Southeastern Brazil

1999 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 693-704 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. VIEIRA ◽  
G. J. SHEPHERD
Keyword(s):  
Endemic Species ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Floral Visitors

Floral visitors of seven species of Oxypetalum were registered in Viçosa, State of Minas Gerais. O. appendiculatum, O. banksii subsp. banksii, O. alpinum var. alpinum and O. pachyglossum are pollinated by wasps, being Polybia ignobilis (Vespidae) a pollinator of these four species. It seems that P. ignobilis promotes interspecific pollinations mainly between O. alpinum var. alpinum and O. pachyglossum, two species with very similar floral morphology. O. jacobinae, O. mexiae and O. subriparium are pollinated by bees. Wasps and bees carry one, two, three or several pollinaria in the mouthparts. O. mexiae, an endemic species in Viçosa, seems to present reproductive limitations, since its flowers are seldom visited.

Generalised pollination system of Erythrina dominguezii (Fabaceae : Papilionoideae) involving hummingbirds, passerines and bees

2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (6) ◽  
pp. 484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ángela V. Etcheverry ◽  
Dulce Figueroa-Castro ◽  
Trinidad Figueroa-Fleming ◽  
María M. Alemán ◽  
Víctor D. Juárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Pollen Deposition ◽  
Pollination System ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Visitation Rates ◽  
Hummingbird Pollination ◽  
Basal Clade ◽  
Nectar Sugar ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Intermediate Value

Plants in the genus Erythrina are pollinated by birds, such that passerine pollination is the plesiomorphic state, whereas hummingbird pollination is the derived character. Phylogenetic studies suggest that Erythrina dominguezii belongs to a basal clade characterised as pollinated by both passerines and hummingbirds. Here, we characterise the pollination system of E. dominguezii. Floral morphology, nectar traits, breeding system, visitation rates and pollen deposition by its floral visitors were studied. Floral morphology of E. dominguezii showed traits associated with both passerine and hummingbird pollination. Nectar sugar concentration showed an intermediate value but closer to the hummingbird type; however, it was rich in hexose, which is typical of the passerine type. Approximately 5% of the flowers set fruits under free pollination. Almost 80% of recorded flowers were visited by birds, with the rest visited by hymenopterans (bumblebees and honeybees). Among avian pollinators, five species of hummingbirds and three passerine species were identified as pollinators. The hummingbird Chlorostilbon lucidus was the most efficient visitor in terms of pollen deposition and was second in frequency of visits. The passerine Icterus cayanensis was second in efficiency at depositing pollen and was the most frequent pollinator. Our results show that E. dominguezii has a generalised pollination system. In addition, we report a new case of closed flowers and secondary nectar presentation. This is the first study that compares effectiveness among different pollinators in Erythrina.

scholarly journals A Review on the Pollination of Aroids with Bisexual Flowers

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Díaz Jiménez ◽  
Heiko Hentrich ◽  
Pedro Adrián Aguilar-Rodríguez ◽  
Thorsten Krömer ◽  
Marion Chartier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Isolation ◽  
Volatile Compounds ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Floral Scent ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Floral Ecology ◽  
Floral Visitors ◽  
Floral Volatile ◽  
Pollination Systems

This paper presents an exhaustive review of the current knowledge on pollination of Araceae genera with bisexual flowers. All available studies on floral morphology, flowering sequence, floral scent, floral thermogenesis, floral visitors, and pollinators were carefully examined, with emphasis on the species-rich genera Anthurium Schott, Monstera Adans., and Spathiphyllum Schott. Genera with bisexual flowers are among the early-diverging lineages in Araceae, but present adaptations in their floral ecology to a great variety of pollination vectors, such as bees, beetles, flies, and, unusually, wind. These clades have developed highly derived pollination systems, involving the use of floral scent as a reward. We conclude that floral scent chemistry plays a key role in the pollination biology of the plants and that, in some genera, reproductive isolation through variation in the emitted floral volatile compounds may have been the decisive factor in the speciation processes of sympatric species.

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