Holocene re-colonisation, central-marginal distribution and habitat specialisation shape population genetic patterns within an Atlantic European grass species

Plant Biology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 684-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. V. Harter ◽  
A. Jentsch ◽  
W. Durka
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Marginal Distribution ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Habitat Specialisation ◽  
Genetic Patterns

Evolution of Scaphinotus petersi (Coleoptera: Carabidae) and the role of climate and geography in the Madrean sky islands of southeastern Arizona, USA

2013 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Gran Mitchell ◽  
Karen A. Ober
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Sky Islands ◽  
Conifer Forests ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Madrean Sky Islands ◽  
The Last Glacial Maximum ◽  
The Last Glacial

AbstractGeographically isolated environments such as the conifer forests atop the Madrean “sky islands” in southeastern Arizona provide natural laboratories for studying factors involved in speciation and origins of biodiversity. Using molecular and geospatial analyses, we examine beetle population phylogeny, regional climate records, and the Quaternary paleobiogeography of forests to evaluate four hypothetical scenarios regarding the current geographic and population genetic patterns of Scaphinotus petersi. Scaphinotus petersi is a large, flightless beetle that resides in the Madrean conifer forests above ~ 1900 m asl. Our results do not support the current hypothesis that S. petersi populations found on seven separate mountain ranges are genetically distinct and separated as temperatures warmed after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Rather, we show that only some of the ranges hold genetically distinct populations, and the timing of separation among the populations does not appear to coincide with specific climatic events such as warming trends. In addition, we show that predicted changes to the climate of the Madrean sky islands may result in the disappearance of S. petersi from some of the lower ranges by the end of this century.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Patterns of Threatened European Mudminnow (Umbra krameri Walbaum, 1792) in a Fragmented Landscape: Implications for Conservation Management

PLoS ONE ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. e0138640 ◽  
Author(s):  
Péter Takács ◽  
Tibor Erős ◽  
András Specziár ◽  
Péter Sály ◽  
Zoltán Vitál ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Conservation Management ◽  
Fragmented Landscape ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Umbra Krameri

scholarly journals The influence of gene flow and drift on genetic and phenotypic divergence in two species of Zosterops in Vanuatu

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1543) ◽  
pp. 1077-1092 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonya M. Clegg ◽  
Albert B. Phillimore
Keyword(s):  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Phenotypic Divergence ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Changing Patterns ◽  
Regional Population

Colonization of an archipelago sets the stage for adaptive radiation. However, some archipelagos are home to spectacular radiations, while others have much lower levels of diversification. The amount of gene flow among allopatric populations is one factor proposed to contribute to this variation. In island colonizing birds, selection for reduced dispersal ability is predicted to produce changing patterns of regional population genetic structure as gene flow-dominated systems give way to drift-mediated divergence. If this transition is important in facilitating phenotypic divergence, levels of genetic and phenotypic divergence should be associated. We consider population genetic structure and phenotypic divergence among two co-distributed, congeneric (Genus: Zosterops ) bird species inhabiting the Vanuatu archipelago. The more recent colonist, Z. lateralis , exhibits genetic patterns consistent with a strong influence of distance-mediated gene flow. However, complex patterns of asymmetrical gene flow indicate variation in dispersal ability or inclination among populations. The endemic species, Z. flavifrons , shows only a partial transition towards a drift-mediated system, despite a long evolutionary history on the archipelago. We find no strong evidence that gene flow constrains phenotypic divergence in either species, suggesting that levels of inter-island gene flow do not explain the absence of a radiation across this archipelago.

scholarly journals Geogenetic patterns in mouse lemurs (genus Microcebus) reveal the ghosts of Madagascar's forests past

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (29) ◽  
pp. 8049-8056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne D. Yoder ◽  
C. Ryan Campbell ◽  
Marina B. Blanco ◽  
Mario dos Reis ◽  
Jörg U. Ganzhorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
The West ◽  
Central Highland ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Mouse Lemurs ◽  
Closed Canopy ◽  
Central Highlands ◽  
Original Vegetation

Phylogeographic analysis can be described as the study of the geological and climatological processes that have produced contemporary geographic distributions of populations and species. Here, we attempt to understand how the dynamic process of landscape change on Madagascar has shaped the distribution of a targeted clade of mouse lemurs (genus Microcebus) and, conversely, how phylogenetic and population genetic patterns in these small primates can reciprocally advance our understanding of Madagascar's prehuman environment. The degree to which human activity has impacted the natural plant communities of Madagascar is of critical and enduring interest. Today, the eastern rainforests are separated from the dry deciduous forests of the west by a large expanse of presumed anthropogenic grassland savanna, dominated by the Family Poaceae, that blankets most of the Central Highlands. Although there is firm consensus that anthropogenic activities have transformed the original vegetation through agricultural and pastoral practices, the degree to which closed-canopy forest extended from the east to the west remains debated. Phylogenetic and population genetic patterns in a five-species clade of mouse lemurs suggest that longitudinal dispersal across the island was readily achieved throughout the Pleistocene, apparently ending at ∼55 ka. By examining patterns of both inter- and intraspecific genetic diversity in mouse lemur species found in the eastern, western, and Central Highland zones, we conclude that the natural environment of the Central Highlands would have been mosaic, consisting of a matrix of wooded savanna that formed a transitional zone between the extremes of humid eastern and dry western forest types.

scholarly journals Interplay between historical and current features of the cityscape in shaping the genetic structure of the house mouse (Mus musculus domesticus) in Dakar (Senegal, West Africa)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Stragier ◽  
Sylvain Piry ◽  
Anne Loiseau ◽  
Mamadou Kane ◽  
Aliou Sow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
House Mouse ◽  
Population Genetic Structure ◽  
Mus Musculus ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Mus Musculus Domesticus ◽  
Model Free ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Commensal Rodents

AbstractPopulation genetic approaches may be used to investigate dispersal patterns of species living in highly urbanized environment in order to improve management strategies for biodiversity conservation or pest control. However, in such environment, population genetic structure may reflect both current features of the cityscape and urbanization history. This can be especially relevant when focusing on exotic commensal rodents that have been introduced in numerous primary colonial European settlements. Accounting for spatial and temporal cityscape heterogeneity to determine how past and recent demographic events may interplay to shape current population genetic structure of synanthropic rodents may provide useful insights to manage their populations. In this study, we addressed these issues by focusing on the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus, in Dakar, Senegal, where the species may have been introduced as soon as Europeans settled in the middle of the nineteenth century. We examined genetic variation at one mitochondrial locus and 15 nuclear microsatellite markers from individuals sampled in 14 sampling sites representing different stages of urbanization history and different socio-economic environments in Dakar. We used various approaches, including model-based genetic clustering and model-free smoothing of pairwise genetic estimates. We further linked observed spatial genetic patterns to historical and current features of Dakar cityscape using random forest and Bayesian conditional autoregressive models. Results are consistent with an introduction of the house mouse at colonial time and the current genetic structure exhibits a gradient-like pattern reflecting the historical process of spatially continuous expansion of the city from the first European settlement. The genetic patterns further suggest that population dynamics of the house mouse is also driven by the spatial heterogeneity of the current cityscape, including socio-economics features, that translate in habitat quality. Our results highlight the potential importance of accounting for past demographic events to understand spatial genetic patterns of nonnative invasive commensal rodents in highly urbanized environment.

A Genetic System Based on Simulated Crossover: Stability Analysis and Relationships with Neural Nets

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Carpentieri
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Finite Population ◽  
Marginal Distribution ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Equilibrium Points ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Neural Nets ◽  
Population System ◽  
Infinite Population ◽  
Neural Network System

We consider a marginal distribution genetic model based on crossover of sequences of genes and provide relations between the associated infinite population genetic system and the neural networks. A lower bound on population size is exhibited stating that the behavior of the finite population system, in the case of sufficiently large sizes, can be approximated by the behavior of the corresponding infinite population system. Assumptions on fitness and individual chromosomes are provided implying that the behavior of the finite population genetic system remains consistent with the behavior of the associated infinite population genetic system for suitably long trajectories. The attractors (with binary components) of the infinite population genetic system are characterized as equilibrium points of a discrete (neural network) system that can be considered as a variant of a Hopfield's network; it is shown that the fitness is a Lyapunov function for the variant of the discrete Hopfield's net. Our main result can be summarized by stating that the relation between marginal distribution genetic systems and neural nets is much more general than that already shown elsewhere for other simpler models.

scholarly journals Geographical distance and barriers explain population genetic patterns in an endangered island perennial

AoB Plants ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. plw072 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabete F. Dias ◽  
M. Moura ◽  
H. Schaefer ◽  
Luís Silva
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Geographical Distance ◽  
Genetic Patterns

scholarly journals Variation in palaeo-shorelines explains contemporary population genetic patterns of rocky shore species

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 20140330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Toms ◽  
John S. Compton ◽  
Malcolm Smale ◽  
Sophie von der Heyden
Keyword(s):  
Population Genetic ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Rocky Intertidal ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Intertidal Habitat ◽  
Isolated Populations ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Genetic Patterns ◽  
Glacial Periods ◽  
Extant Population

Processes driving and maintaining disjunct genetic populations in marine systems are poorly understood, owing to a lack of evidence of hard barriers that could have shaped patterns of extant population structure. Here, we map two genetically divergent lineages of an obligate rocky shore fish, Clinus cottoides , and model sea-level change during the last 110 000 years to provide the first evidence of a vicariant event along the southern coastline of Africa. Results reveal that lowered sea levels during glacial periods drastically reduced rocky intertidal habitat, which may have isolated populations in two refugia for at least 40 000 years. Contemporary coastal dynamics and oceanography explain secondary contact between lineages. This scenario provides an explanation for the origin of population genetic breaks despite a lack of obvious present-day geographical barriers and highlights the need for including palaeo-oceanography in unravelling extant population patterns.

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