Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae release extracellular vesicles with immunomodulatory properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Kosanović ◽  
Jelena Cvetković ◽  
Alisa Gruden‐Movsesijan ◽  
Saša Vasilev ◽  
Milanović Svetlana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties

scholarly journals Extracellular Vesicles Derived From Trichinella spiralis Muscle Larvae Ameliorate TNBS-Induced Colitis in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Yang ◽  
Lei Liu ◽  
Xiaolei Liu ◽  
YuanYuan Zhang ◽  
Haining Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Muscle Larvae

scholarly journals Secretory Products ofTrichinella spiralisMuscle Larvae and Immunomodulation: Implication for Autoimmune Diseases, Allergies, and Malignancies

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ljiljana Sofronic-Milosavljevic ◽  
Natasa Ilic ◽  
Elena Pinelli ◽  
Alisa Gruden-Movsesijan
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Model Studies ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
New Type ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Secretory Products ◽  
Antigen Presenting ◽  
Inflammatory Milieu ◽  
Unique Ability

Trichinella spiralishas the unique ability to make itself “at home” by creating and hiding in a new type of cell in the host body that is the nurse cell. From this immunologically privileged place, the parasite orchestrates a long-lasting molecular cross talk with the host through muscle larvae excretory-secretory products (ES L1). Those products can successfully modulate parasite-specific immune responses as well as responses to unrelated antigens (either self or nonself in origin), providing an anti-inflammatory milieu and maintaining homeostasis. It is clear, based on the findings from animal model studies, thatT. spiralisand its products induce an immunomodulatory network (which encompasses Th2- and Treg-type responses) that may allow the host to deal with various hyperimmune-associated disorders as well as tumor growth, although the latter still remains unclear. This review focuses on studies of the molecules released byT. spiralis, their interaction with pattern recognition receptors on antigen presenting cells, and subsequently provoked responses. This paper also addresses the immunomodulatory properties of ES L1 molecules and how the induced immunomodulation influences the course of different experimental inflammatory and malignant diseases.

Distinct immunomodulatory properties of extracellular vesicles released by different strains of Acanthamoeba

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adriana Oliveira Costa ◽  
Isabela Aurora Rodrigues Chagas ◽  
Armando Menezes‐Neto ◽  
Felipe Dutra Rêgo ◽  
Paula Monalisa Nogueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extracellular Vesicles ◽  
Immunomodulatory Properties ◽  
Different Strains

scholarly journals Development of a rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip based on EuNPs-ES fluorescent probe for the detection of early Trichinella spiralis-specific IgG antibody in pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinyu Wang ◽  
Bin Tang ◽  
Ying Zhao ◽  
Jing Ding ◽  
Nan Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Test Line ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Parasite Infection ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Immunochromatographic Strip ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Zoonotic Parasite ◽  
Circulating Antibodies ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Specific Igg

AbstractTrichinellosis, which is caused by nematodes of the genus Trichinella, is one of the most important zoonotic parasite diseases in the world. A rapid and sensitive immunochromatographic strip (ICS) based on Eu (III) nanoparticles (EuNPs) was developed for the detection of Trichinella spiralis (T. spiralis) infection in pigs. T. spiralis muscle larvae excretory secretory or preadult worm excretory secretory (ML-ES or PAW-ES) antigens were conjugated with EuNPs probes to capture T. spiralis-specific antibodies in pig sera, after which the complex bound to mouse anti-pig IgG deposited on the test line (T-line), producing a fluorescent signal. In the pigs infected with 100, 1000 and 10 000 ML, seroconversion was first detectable for the EuNPs-ML-ES ICS at 30, 25 and 21 days post-infection (dpi) and for the EuNPs-PAW-ES ICS at 25, 21 and 17 dpi. These results show that EuNPs-PAW-ES ICS detects anti-Trichinella IgG in pigs 4–5 days earlier that test using ML-ES antigens. Our ICS have no cross reaction with other parasite infection sera. Furthermore, the detection process could be completed in 10 min. This study indicated that our ICS can be used for the detection of the circulating antibodies in early T. spiralis infection and provide a novel method for on-site detection of T. spiralis infection in pigs.

Lectin-blot analyses of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae excretory-secretory components

2002 ◽  
Vol 88 (11) ◽  
pp. 1004-1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alisa Gruden-Movsesijan ◽  
Natasa Ilic ◽  
Ljiljana Sofronic-Milosavljevic
Keyword(s):  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Lectin Blot

Identification ofTrichinella spiralisearly antigens at the pre-adult and adult stages

Parasitology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALEKSANDAR ZOCEVIC ◽  
PAULINE MACE ◽  
ISABELLE VALLEE ◽  
RADU BLAGA ◽  
MINGYUAN LIU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cdna Library ◽  
Serine Proteases ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Serine Proteinase ◽  
Secretory Protein ◽  
Cdna Libraries ◽  
Sequence Identity ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Serine Protease Family ◽  
Host Parasite

SUMMARYThree expression cDNA libraries fromTrichinella spiralisworms 14 h, 20 h and 48 h post-infection (p.i.) were screened with serum from pigs experimentally infected with 20 000T. spiralismuscle larvae. Twenty-nine positive clones were isolated from the 14 h p.i. cDNA library, corresponding to 8 different genes. A putative excretory-secretory protein similar to that ofT. pseudospiraliswas identified. Three clones corresponded to aT. spiralisserine proteinase inhibitor known to be involved in diverse functions such as blood coagulation and modulation of inflammation. Screening of the 20 h p.i. cDNA library selected 167 positive clones representing 12 different sequences. The clone with the highest redundancy encoded a small polypeptide having no sequence identity with any known proteins fromTrichinellaor other organisms. Fourteen clones displayed sequence identity with the heat shock protein (HSP) 70. HSPs are produced as an adaptive response of the parasite to the hostile environment encountered in the host intestine but their mechanism of action is not yet well defined. From the 48 h p.i.T. spiraliscDNA library, 91 positive clones were identified representing 7 distinct sequences. Most of the positive clones showed high similarity with a member of a putativeT. spiralisserine protease family. This result is consistent with a possible major role for serine proteases during invasive stages ofTrichinellainfection and host-parasite interactions.

scholarly journals Detection of circulating antigens in serum samples of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis by a sandwich ELISA based on IgY

2014 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 181-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jing ◽  
J. Cui ◽  
R. Liu ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
P. Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Infection ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Sandwich Elisa ◽  
Egg Yolk ◽  
Mouse Serum ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Egg Yolk Immunoglobulin ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Sandwich Elisa Assay ◽  
Circulating Antigens

AbstractIn the present study, a sandwich ELISA based on IgY (egg yolk immunoglobulin) was developed for detection of circulating antigens (CAg) in sere of mice experimentally infected with Trichinella spiralis. The IgY-sandwich ELISA assay involved the use of chicken antibody IgY against excretory-secretory (ES) antigens of Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae as a capture antibody and mouse polyclonal antibody IgG to ES antigens as a detecting antibody. This method was able to detect as little as 3 ng/ml of ES antigens added to normal mouse serum. A group of sixteen mice was orally inoculated with 500 T. spiralis muscle larvae per animal. The serum samples from the infected mice were taken during 1–35 days post-infection (dpi). The CAg was detectable as early as 8 dpi in the sera of infected mice. The level of CAg increased dramatically during 13–15 dpi and reached a peak at 22 dpi and remained a plateau for 3 days, then declined gradually. Another peak of CAg occurred at 31 dpi. The anti-Trichinella antibodies was first detected in 14.3 % of the infected mice at 2 weeks post-infection (wpi), and reached a peak positive rate of 100 % at 5 wpi. Moreover, the infected mice were treated with abendazole at 5 wpi and the serum CAg levels increased significantly during 2–6 days posttreatment (dpt) and then declined rapidly during 8–14 dpt. By 42 dpt, the CAg levels decreased to the undetected level, but the detection rate of antibodies was still 100 %. The IgY-sandwich ELISA appears to be a sensitive for detection of antigenemia of T. spiralis and valuable to judge the efficacy of chemotherapy in trichinellosis.

scholarly journals Cellular and molecular changes and immune response in the intestinal mucosa during Trichinella spiralis early infection in rats

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
María Priscila Saracino ◽  
Cecilia Celeste Vila ◽  
Melina Cohen ◽  
María Virginia Gentilini ◽  
Guido Hernán Falduto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Gut Immunity ◽  
Gut Mucosa

Abstract Background: The main targets of the host’s immune system in Trichinella spiralis infection are the adult worms (AW), at the gut level, and the migrant or newborn larvae (NBL), at systemic and pulmonary levels. Most of the studies carried out in the gut mucosa have been performed on the Payer’s patches and/or the mesenteric lymph nodes but not on the lamina propria, therefore, knowledge on the gut immune response against T. spiralis remains incomplete. Methods This study aimed at characterizing the early mucosal immune response against T. spiralis, particularly, the events taking place between 1 and 13 dpi. For this purpose, Wistar rats were orally infected with muscle larvae of T. spiralis and the humoral and cellular parameters of the gut immunity were analysed, including the evaluation of the ADCC mechanism exerted by lamina propria cells. Results A marked inflammation and structural alteration of the mucosa was found. The changes involved an increase in goblet cells, eosinophils and mast cells, and B and T lymphocytes, initially displaying a Th1 profile, characterised by the secretion of IFN-γ and IL-12, followed by a polarization towards a Th2 profile, with a marked increase in IgE, IgG1, IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 levels, which occurred once the infection was established. In addition, the helminthotoxic activity of lamina propria cells demonstrated the role of the intestine as a place of migrant larvae destruction, indicating that not all the NBLs released in the gut will be able to reach the muscles. Conclusions The characterization of the immune response triggered in the gut mucosa during T. spiralis infection showed that not only an effector mechanism is directed toward the AW but also towards the NBL as a cytotoxic activity was observed against NBL exerted by lamina propria cells.

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