scholarly journals Close-range sensing in the geosciences - expressed in sketches

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (160) ◽  
pp. 350-353
Author(s):  
Bianca Wagner
Keyword(s):  
Range Sensing ◽  
Close Range

scholarly journals TRAINING IN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLOSE-RANGE SENSING IN ALPINE TERRAIN

2018 ◽  
Vol IV-2 ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rutzinger ◽  
M. Bremer ◽  
B. Höfle ◽  
M. Hämmerle ◽  
R. Lindenbergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer School ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Project Planning ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Hazard Management ◽  
Mountain Environments ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Summer Schools

The 2nd international summer school “Close-range sensing techniques in Alpine terrain” was held in July 2017 in Obergurgl, Austria. Participants were trained in selected close-range sensing methods, such as photogrammetry, laser scanning and thermography. The program included keynotes, lectures and hands-on assignments combining field project planning, data acquisition, processing, quality assessment and interpretation. Close-range sensing was applied for different research questions of environmental monitoring in high mountain environments, such as geomorphologic process quantification, natural hazard management and vegetation mapping. The participants completed an online questionnaire evaluating the summer school, its content and organisation, which helps to improve future summer schools.

scholarly journals Monitoring Forests in Space and Time Using Close-Range Sensing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikko Vastaranta ◽  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Samuli Junttila
Keyword(s):  
Unmanned Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Method Development ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Close Range

In this review, we summarize the current state-of-the-art in the utilization of close-range sensing in forest monitoring. We include technologies, such as terrestrial and mobile laser scanning as well as unmanned aerial vehicles, which are mainly used for collecting detailed information from single trees, forest patches or small forested landscapes. Based on the current published scientific literature, the capacity to characterize changes in forest ecosystems using close-range sensing has clearly been recognized. Forest growth has been the most investigated cause for changes and terrestrial laser scanner the most applied sensor for capturing forest structural changes. Unmanned aerial vehicles, on the other hand, have been used to acquire aerial imagery for detecting tree height growth and monitoring forest health. Mobile laser scanning has not yet been used in forest change monitoring except for a few early investigations. Considering the length of the forest growth process, investigated time spans have been rather short, less than 10 years. In addition, data from only two time points have been used in many of the studies, which has further been limiting the capability of understanding dynamics related to forest growth. In general, method development and quantification of changes have been the main interests so far regardless of the driver of change. This shows that the close-range remote sensing community has just started to explore the time dimension and its possibilities for forest characterization.

scholarly journals CLOSE-RANGE SENSING TECHNIQUES IN ALPINE TERRAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol III-6 ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
M. Rutzinger ◽  
B. Höfle ◽  
R. Lindenbergh ◽  
S. Oude Elberink ◽  
F. Pirotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer School ◽  
Early Career ◽  
School Students ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Remotely Piloted Aircraft ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Alpine Research ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
The One

Early career researchers such as PhD students are a main driving force of scientific research and are for a large part responsible for research innovation. They work on specialized topics within focused research groups that have a limited number of members, but might also have limited capacity in terms of lab equipment. This poses a serious challenge for educating such students as it is difficult to group a sufficient number of them to enable efficient knowledge transfer. To overcome this problem, the Innsbruck Summer School of Alpine Research 2015 on close-range sensing techniques in Alpine terrain was organized in Obergurgl, Austria, by an international team from several universities and research centres. Of the applicants a group of 40 early career researchers were selected with interest in about ten types of specialized surveying tools, i.e. laser scanners, a remotely piloted aircraft system, a thermal camera, a backpack mobile mapping system and different grade photogrammetric equipment. During the one-week summer school, students were grouped according to their personal preference to work with one such type of equipment under guidance of an expert lecturer. All students were required to capture and process field data on a mountain-related theme like landslides or rock glaciers. The work on the assignments lasted the whole week but was interspersed with lectures on selected topics by invited experts. The final task of the summer school participants was to present and defend their results to their peers, lecturers and other colleagues in a symposium-like setting. Here we present the framework and content of this summer school which brought together scientists from close-range sensing and environmental and geosciences.

scholarly journals Close-Range Sensing of Alpine Glaciers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniele Giordan ◽  
Niccolò Dematteis ◽  
Fabrizio Troilo ◽  
Valerio Segor ◽  
Danilo Godone
Keyword(s):  
Range Sensing ◽  
Alpine Glaciers ◽  
Close Range

scholarly journals TRAINING IN INNOVATIVE TECHNOLOGIES FOR CLOSE-RANGE SENSING IN ALPINE TERRAIN – 3RD EDITION

2020 ◽  
Vol XLIII-B5-2020 ◽  
pp. 243-250
Author(s):  
M. Rutzinger ◽  
K. Anders ◽  
M. Bremer ◽  
B. Höfle ◽  
R. Lindenbergh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer School ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Hands On ◽  
Student Questionnaire ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Recent Edition ◽  
Postdoctoral Researchers

Abstract. The 3rd edition of the international summer school “Close-range Sensing Techniques in Alpine terrain” took place in Obergurgl, Austria, in June 2019. This article reports on results from the training and seminar activities and the outcome of student questionnaire survey. Comparison between the recent edition and the past edition in 2017 shows no significant differences on the level of satisfaction on organizational and training aspects. Gender balance was present both in candidates and in the outcome of selections. Selection was based on past research activities and on topic relevance. The majority of trainees were therefore doctoral candidates and postdoctoral researchers, but also motivated master students participated. The training took place through keynotes, lectures, seminars, in the field with hands-on surveys followed by data analysis in the lab, and teamwork for preparing a final team presentation over different assignments.

scholarly journals CLOSE-RANGE SENSING TECHNIQUES IN ALPINE TERRAIN

2016 ◽  
Vol III-6 ◽  
pp. 15-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rutzinger ◽  
B. Höfle ◽  
R. Lindenbergh ◽  
S. Oude Elberink ◽  
F. Pirotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Summer School ◽  
Early Career ◽  
School Students ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Early Career Researchers ◽  
Remotely Piloted Aircraft ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Alpine Research ◽  
Aircraft System ◽  
The One

Early career researchers such as PhD students are a main driving force of scientific research and are for a large part responsible for research innovation. They work on specialized topics within focused research groups that have a limited number of members, but might also have limited capacity in terms of lab equipment. This poses a serious challenge for educating such students as it is difficult to group a sufficient number of them to enable efficient knowledge transfer. To overcome this problem, the Innsbruck Summer School of Alpine Research 2015 on close-range sensing techniques in Alpine terrain was organized in Obergurgl, Austria, by an international team from several universities and research centres. Of the applicants a group of 40 early career researchers were selected with interest in about ten types of specialized surveying tools, i.e. laser scanners, a remotely piloted aircraft system, a thermal camera, a backpack mobile mapping system and different grade photogrammetric equipment. During the one-week summer school, students were grouped according to their personal preference to work with one such type of equipment under guidance of an expert lecturer. All students were required to capture and process field data on a mountain-related theme like landslides or rock glaciers. The work on the assignments lasted the whole week but was interspersed with lectures on selected topics by invited experts. The final task of the summer school participants was to present and defend their results to their peers, lecturers and other colleagues in a symposium-like setting. Here we present the framework and content of this summer school which brought together scientists from close-range sensing and environmental and geosciences.

Identifying canopy-scale adjustments to the extreme climate in a semi-arid pine forest using eddy covariance and close-range sensing data

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanhuan Wang ◽  
Anatoly Gitelson ◽  
Michael Sprintsin ◽  
Eyal Rotenberg ◽  
Dan Yakir
Keyword(s):  
Eddy Covariance ◽  
Pine Forest ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Active Season ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Climatic Regions ◽  
Early Peak ◽  
Close Range ◽  
Semi Arid

<p>Semi-arid forests represent some of the most sensitive ecosystems to climate change. Identifying adjustments to extreme conditions can indicate their resilience, and that of forests undergoing increasing aridity trends. We used eddy covariance and close-range sensing measurements over four years in a semi-arid pine forest to identify canopy-scale adjustments to the short active season and long seasonal drought. Peaks in light use efficiency (LUE), leaf chlorophyll content (LCC), and increasing absorbed photosynthetic active radiation (APAR; based on canopy absorption coefficient in the green range), all converged to support an early peak (March) in gross primary productivity (GPP), exploiting the narrow optimum between PAR<sub>in</sub>, temperature and the rapidly decreasing soil moisture in spring. In contrast, during the long dry period (>200 days), while PAR<sub>in</sub> increased, LCC and LUE decreased, offering physiological photoprotection as GPP sharply declined under the stressful conditions. The strong negative correlation between ρ<sub>NIR </sub>and PAR<sub>in</sub> indicated canopy biophysical adjustments that enhance light absorption under low radiation and eliminate photodamage under excessive radiation.  The results provide clear indications of canopy-scale adjustments underlying the high productivity of the forest and its resistance to the harsh conditions, which may soon apply to forests in currently milder climatic regions.</p>

Close-range sensing and object-based analysis of shallow landslides and erosion in grasslands

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Mayr ◽  
Martin Rutzinger ◽  
Magnus Bremer ◽  
Clemens Geitner
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Data Acquisition ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Shallow Landslides ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Erosion Processes ◽  
Object Based ◽  
Close Range

<p>Close-range sensing methods for topographic data acquisition, such as Structure-from-Motion with multi-view stereo (SfM-MVS) photogrammetry and laser scanning from the ground or from unmanned aerial systems (UAS), have strongly improved over the last decade. As they are providing data with sub-decimetre resolution and accuracy, these methods open new possibilities for bridging the gap between local in-situ observations and area-wide space-borne or aerial remote sensing. For assessments of shallow landslides and erosion patches, which are wide-spread phenomena in mountain grasslands, the potential of close-range sensing is two-fold: Firstly, it could provide accurate reference data for assessing the geometric accuracy of a catchment or regional scale eroded area monitoring based on aerial or satellite remote sensing systems. Secondly, selected sites can be monitored at a very detailed local scale to reveal processes of secondary erosion or natural vegetation succession and slope stabilisation. Furthermore, high-resolution 4D data from multi-temporal close-range sensing make it possible to quantify volumes and rates of displacement at erosion features. In this contribution, we propose to exploit this potential of close-range sensing for landslide and erosion studies with object-based approaches for raster and 3D point cloud analyses. Assuming that erosion features can be discriminated from undisturbed grassland and from trees and shrubs, based on their morphometric and spectral signatures, we show how computer vision and machine learning techniques help to detect and label these features automatically as spatial objects in the data. We combine this object detection and labelling with 2.5D differential elevation models and with 3D deformation analysis of point clouds. This strategy addresses one of the key challenges of automatically analysing close-range sensing data in geomorphological studies, i.e. linking geometric information (such as the size and shape of erosion features or the surface change across a time series) with semantic information (e.g. separating vegetation from complex ground structures). In three case studies from recent projects in the Alps, where we acquired data by UAS, terrestrial laser scanning and terrestrial photogrammetry, we demonstrate the use of these new methodological developments. The methods tested can reliably detect changes with minimum magnitudes of centimetre to decimetre level, depending primarily on the specific data acquisition setup. By automatically relating these changes to erosion features of different scales (i.e. both at entire eroded areas and at their components, e.g. collapsing parts of the scarp), such analyses can provide valuable insights regarding process dynamics. In our tests, close-range sensing and automated data analysis workflows helped to understand both the development of new eroded areas as well as their enlargement by secondary erosion processes or episodic landslide reactivation. Based on the experience from these case studies, we also discuss the main challenges and limitations of these methods for erosion monitoring applications.</p>

scholarly journals Multisensorial Close-Range Sensing Generates Benefits for Characterization of Managed Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Stands

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Yrttimaa ◽  
Ninni Saarinen ◽  
Ville Kankare ◽  
Niko Viljanen ◽  
Jari Hynynen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Forest Canopy ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Point Clouds ◽  
Stem Volume ◽  
Weighted Mean ◽  
Range Sensing ◽  
Close Range

Terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) provides a detailed three-dimensional representation of surrounding forest structures. However, due to close-range hemispherical scanning geometry, the ability of TLS technique to comprehensively characterize all trees, and especially upper parts of forest canopy, is often limited. In this study, we investigated how much forest characterization capacity can be improved in managed Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands if TLS point clouds are complemented with photogrammetric point clouds acquired from above the canopy using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). In this multisensorial (TLS+UAV) close-range sensing approach, the used UAV point cloud data were considered especially suitable for characterizing the vertical forest structure and improvements were obtained in estimation accuracy of tree height as well as plot-level basal-area weighted mean height (Hg) and mean stem volume (Vmean). Most notably, the root-mean-square-error (RMSE) in Hg improved from 0.8 to 0.58 m and the bias improved from −0.75 to −0.45 m with the multisensorial close-range sensing approach. However, in managed Scots pine stands, the mere TLS also captured the upper parts of the forest canopy rather well. Both approaches were capable of deriving stem number, basal area, Vmean, Hg, and basal area-weighted mean diameter with the relative RMSE less than 5.5% for all the sample plots. Although the multisensorial close-range sensing approach mainly enhanced the characterization of the forest vertical structure in single-species, single-layer forest conditions, representation of more complex forest structures may benefit more from point clouds collected with sensors of different measurement geometries.

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