Spatial Relationships among Dairy Farms, Drinking Water Quality, and Maternal-Child Health Outcomes in the San Joaquin Valley

2014 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 492-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Brown Blake
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Dairy Farms ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Spatial Relationships ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Child Health Outcomes

scholarly journals Drinking water quality in Indigenous communities in Canada and health outcomes: a scoping review

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 32336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lori E. A. Bradford ◽  
Lalita A. Bharadwaj ◽  
Udoka Okpalauwaekwe ◽  
Cheryl L. Waldner
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Indigenous Communities ◽  
Drinking Water Quality

scholarly journals Lamaze Advocacy Day Recap

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-70
Author(s):  
Allison Walsh
Keyword(s):  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Racial Disparities ◽  
Maternal Death ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Legislative Advocacy ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Maternal Child

In this article, a participant of the first Lamaze Advocacy Summit provides a recap of the event. Legislative advocacy is becoming increasingly important to fight the U.S. rising maternal death rate and racial disparities within maternal–child health outcomes. The activities, goals, and emotions of the event are described.

scholarly journals Spillover effects of a combined water, sanitation, and handwashing intervention in rural Bangladesh: a randomized controlled trial

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jade Benjamin-Chung ◽  
Nuhu Amin ◽  
Ayse Ercumen ◽  
Benjamin F Arnold ◽  
Alan Hubbard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Spillover Effects ◽  
Pathogen Transmission ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Indirect Benefits ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Child Health Outcomes

SummaryBackgroundWater, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH) interventions may confer indirect benefits (“spillovers”) on neighbors of recipients by interrupting pathogen transmission. We measured geographically local spillovers in WASH Benefits, a cluster-randomized trial in rural Bangladesh, by comparing outcomes among neighbors of intervention vs. control participants.MethodsWASH Benefits had randomly allocated geographically-defined clusters to a compound-level intervention (chlorinated drinking water, upgraded sanitation, and handwashing promotion) or control and followed children for two years. We enrolled neighboring children age-matched to trial participants that would have been eligible for WASH Benefits had they been conceived slightly earlier or later. After 28 months of intervention, we quantified fecal indicator bacteria in toy rinse and drinking water samples, measured soil-transmitted helminth infections, and recorded caregiver-reported diarrhea and respiratory illness. Neither fieldworkers nor participants were masked. Analysis was intention-to-treat.ResultsWe enrolled neighbors of WASH Benefits participants in 90 control (N=900) and 90 intervention clusters (N=899). Neighbors’ characteristics were balanced across arms. The prevalence of any detectable E. coli in tubewell samples was lower for neighbors of intervention vs. control (prevalence ratio=0.83; 0.73, 0.95). There was no difference in E. coli and coliform prevalence between arms for other environmental samples. Disease prevalence was similar in neighbors of intervention vs. control participants: Ascaris (prevalence difference [PD]=0.00; -0.07, 0.08), hookworm (PD=0.01; -0.01, 0.04), Trichuris (PD=0.02; -0.02, 0.05), diarrhea (PD=0.00; -0.02,0.03), respiratory illness (PD=-0.01; -0.04, 0.03).ConclusionsWe found spillover effects of a compound-level combined WSH intervention for tubewell water contamination but not for child health outcomes.Key MessagesWater, sanitation, and handwashing (WSH) interventions may confer indirect benefits (“spillovers”) on neighbors of recipients by interrupting pathogen transmission, reducing environmental contamination, or spurring the adoption of health behaviors.We conducted a randomized trial in rural Bangladesh to measure whether neighbors of a compound-level WSH intervention improved hygiene behaviors and had lower prevalence environmental contamination, soil-transmitted helminth infection, diarrhea, and respiratory illness among children under 5 years after two years of intervention.We did not find evidence of intervention adoption or improved hygiene behavior among neighbors of a WSH intervention delivered for 2 years.The WSH intervention reduced fecal contamination of neighbors’ tubewell water but did not lead to spillovers for other proximal measures of contamination in the domestic environment or for child health outcomes. For proximal spillover effects to translate to distal spillover effects, improvements in neighbors’ health behaviors may have been necessary.

scholarly journals Physical activity during pregnancy and maternal-child health outcomes: a systematic literature review

2008 ◽  
Vol 24 (suppl 4) ◽  
pp. s531-s544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Maia Schlüssel ◽  
Elton Bicalho de Souza ◽  
Michael Eduardo Reichenheim ◽  
Gilberto Kac
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Mode Of Delivery ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Child

A systematic literature review was conducted to investigate the effects of physical activity during pregnancy on selected maternal-child health outcomes. The search included articles published from 1980 to 2005 in the MEDLINE and LILACS databases using key words such as physical activity, physical exercise, pregnancy, and gestation. The methodological quality of 37 selected articles was evaluated. It appears to be a consensus that some light-to-moderate physical activity is not a risk factor and may even be considered a protective factor for some outcomes. However, some studies found an association between specific activities (e.g., climbing stairs or standing for long periods) and inadequate birth weight, prematurity, and miscarriage. Few studies found an association between physical activity and maternal weight gain, mode of delivery, or fetal development. Further research is needed to fill these gaps and provide guidelines on the intensity, duration, and frequency of physical activity during pregnancy.

The effect of health expenditure on selected maternal and child health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (12) ◽  
pp. 1386-1399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashiabi Nicholas ◽  
Nketiah-Amponsah Edward ◽  
Senadza Bernardin
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Child Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Maternal Child Health ◽  
Public Health Expenditure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Child Health Outcomes ◽  
Maternal Child

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of public and private health expenditures on selected maternal-child health outcomes in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes panel data on 40 SSA countries spanning the period 2000-2010. The data are analyzed using the fixed effects estimation technique. Findings The results indicate that public health expenditure is inversely and significantly related to infant (IMRR) and under-five (U5MR) mortalities in SSA. Though public health expenditure has the a priori negative sign, it has no significant effect on maternal mortality (MMR) in SSA. Further, private health expenditure did not prove to be significant in improving maternal-child health outcomes (IMRR, U5MR and MMR) in SSA. Practical implications The implication of the findings is that a percentage point increase in public health expenditure (as a share of GDP) across the region will result in saving the lives of about 7,040 children every year. Hence, it is important for governments in SSA to increase their shares of health expenditure (public health expenditure) in order to achieve improved health outcomes. Originality/value Previous studies have not adequately explored the effect of various components of health expenditures – public and private – on health outcomes in the context of SSA. In addition to the focus on maternal-child health variables such as infant, under-five and maternal mortalities, the study accounts for the possibility of a non-linear and non-monotonic relationship between healthcare expenditures and health outcomes.

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