Reflective reasoning & philosophy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Reflective Reasoning

scholarly journals Are Psychotic Experiences Related to Poorer Reflective Reasoning?

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin J. Mækelæ ◽  
Steffen Moritz ◽  
Gerit Pfuhl
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Experiences ◽  
Reflective Reasoning

scholarly journals Effect of Availability Bias and Reflective Reasoning on Diagnostic Accuracy Among Internal Medicine Residents

JAMA ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 304 (11) ◽  
pp. 1198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sílvia Mamede ◽  
Tamara van Gog ◽  
Kees van den Berge ◽  
Remy M. J. P. Rikers ◽  
Jan L. C. M. van Saase ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internal Medicine ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Availability Bias ◽  
Internal Medicine Residents ◽  
Reflective Reasoning

scholarly journals Auditory and visual category learning in musicians and non-musicians

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Casey L Roark ◽  
Kirsten Smayda ◽  
Bharath Chandrasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Category Learning ◽  
Information Integration ◽  
Temporal Modulation ◽  
Processing Stage ◽  
Rule Based ◽  
Reasoning Process ◽  
Visual Category Learning ◽  
Pitch Frequency ◽  
Reflective Reasoning ◽  
Amateur Musicians

We compare the ability of amateur musicians and non-musicians in learning artificial auditory and visual categories that can be described as either rule-based (RB) or information-integration (II) category structures. RB categories are optimally learned using a reflective reasoning process, whereas II categories are optimally learned by integrating information from two stimulus dimensions at a reflexive, pre-decisional processing stage. Across two experiments, we found that music experience was beneficial to learning auditory categories. In Experiment 1, musicians enrolled in a music college demonstrated advantages over non-musicians in learning RB auditory categories defined on pitch frequency and duration dimensions but did not demonstrate differences in learning II auditory categories or either RB or II visual categories. In Experiment 2, a broader online sample of musicians demonstrated advantages over non-musicians in learning both RB and II auditory categories defined on spectral and temporal modulation dimensions. Musicians’ category learning advantage is limited to their modality of expertise and is category-specific in a way that depends on the dimensions used to define the categories.

Health Information Technology, Patient Safety, and Professional Nursing Care Documentation in Acute Care Settings

2015 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Lavin ◽  
Ellen Harper ◽  
Nancy Barr
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Care Quality ◽  
Staff Nurses ◽  
Standards Of Practice ◽  
Reflective Reasoning ◽  
Action Model ◽  
Practice Committee ◽  
Documentation Tool ◽  
Staffing Needs

The electronic health record (EHR) is a documentation tool that yields data useful in enhancing patient safety, evaluating care quality, maximizing efficiency, and measuring staffing needs. Although nurses applaud the EHR, they also indicate dissatisfaction with its design and cumbersome electronic processes. This article describes the views of nurses shared by members of the Nursing Practice Committee of the Missouri Nurses Association; it encourages nurses to share their EHR concerns with Information Technology (IT) staff and vendors and to take their place at the table when nursing-related IT decisions are made. In this article, we describe the experiential-reflective reasoning and action model used to understand staff nurses’ perspectives, share committee reflections and recommendations for improving both documentation and documentation technology, and conclude by encouraging nurses to develop their documentation and informatics skills. Nursing issues include medication safety, documentation and standards of practice, and EHR efficiency. IT concerns include interoperability, vendors, innovation, nursing voice, education, and collaboration.

scholarly journals Reflective Reasoning in Groups

1995 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Slade
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order Thinking ◽  
Higher Order ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
Reflective Dialogue ◽  
Meta Level ◽  
Reflective Reasoning

The conception of reflective reasoning, like that of higher order thinking, has been informed by a Cartesian view of the self. Reflection is conceived of as a solipsistic process, in which persons consider their own thoughts in isolation. Higher order thinking has equally been represented as a single thinker considering thoughts at a meta-level. This paper proposes a different conception of reflection and higher order thinking, in which reflective dialogue is seen as the fundamental context in which reflection is possible and higher order thinking engendered. The very process of dialectic defines what it is to be reflective and to think critically. Learning to reflect alone is a consequence of internalising the discourse.

scholarly journals Evoluční etika Franse de Waala a její filozofické reflexe

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-70
Author(s):  
Filip Jaroš ◽  
Adéla Šrůtková
Keyword(s):  
Thin Layer ◽  
Human Nature ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Evolutionary Ethics ◽  
Kantian Ethics ◽  
Fundamental Structure ◽  
Social Species ◽  
Reflective Reasoning ◽  
Mary Midgley ◽  
Moral Evolution

Článek představuje teorii původu lidské morálky od Franse de Waala a zhodnocuje přínos filozofických komentářů od Christine M. Korsgaardové a Mary Midgleyové z hlediska oboru evoluční etiky. Základní struktura de Waalova přístupu je v souladu se sentimentalistickou teorií morálky, která určuje soucítění jako bazální morální cit. V interpretaci vlivné neodarwinistické genocentrické školy dále hraje zásadní roli altruismus. Stoupenci tohoto směru (R. Dawkins, G. C. Williams) nicméně obhajují rozdělení krutého světa přírody a etického světa lidské kultury; distinkce byla Fransem de Waalem nazvána „teorií pozlátka“, neboť vyvolává obraz tenké vrstvy morálky nanesené na sobecké jádro lidské biologické přirozenosti. C. M. Korsgaardová využívá kantovskou etiku, aby ukázala, že zvířata nemohou být počítána za morální, neboť postrádají schopnost normativní autonomie. M. Midgleyová oponuje jak neodarwinistickému, tak kantovskému rozvrhu etiky a ukazuje, že soucítění patří k přirozenosti společensky žijících druhů a že reflektivní uvažování se vztahuje pouze k nejvyššímu patru evoluce morálky. Pozice M. Midgleyové je pro evoluční zkoumání morálky přínosnější než postup C. M. Korsgaardové. This article introduces Frans de Waal’s theory of the origins of human morality and evaluates the merits of the philosophical commentaries of Christine M. Korsgaard and Mary Midgley, and their application to the discipline of evolutionary ethics. The fundamental structure of de Wall’s approach is congruent with the sentimentalist theory of morality which determines sympathy as the most vital moral sentiment. A crucial role is also assigned to altruism in the view of morality in the influential genocentric neo-Darwinian school. However, proponents of this school (R. Dawkins, G. C. Williams) advocate the separation of the cruel world of nature and the ethical world of humane culture; this is dubbed “Veneer Theory” by F. de Waal, since it invokes an image of a thin layer of morality applied to a selfish core of biological human nature. C. M. Korsgaard applies Kantian ethics to argue that animals cannot count as moral because they are not capable of normative self-government. M. Midgley opposes both neo-Darwinism and the Kantian tradition in ethics in arguing that sympathy is a part of any social species’ nature, and that reflective reasoning refers only to the highest peak of moral evolution. It is argued that the position of M. Midgley is ultimately a more fruitful approach to the evolutionary examination of ethics than that proposed by C. M. Korsgaard.

scholarly journals Language and the African Philosophical Traditions

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Kọ́lá Abímbọ́lá
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Practices ◽  
African Literature ◽  
African Philosophy ◽  
Philosophical Issue ◽  
Natural Languages ◽  
Conceptual Schemes ◽  
European Languages ◽  
Universal Principles ◽  
Reflective Reasoning

Are there universal principles, categories, or forms of reasoning that apply to all aspects of human experience—irrespective of culture and epoch? Numerous scholars have explored this very question from Africana perspectives: Kwasi Wiredu (1996) explored the philosophical issue of whether there are culturally defined values and concepts; Hallen and Sodipo (1986) examined the question of whether there are unique African indigenous systems of knowledge; Ngũgĩ wa Thiong’o (1994) evaluated the role of colonialism in the language of African literature; Oyerò nkẹ ́ ́ Oyěwumi (1997) argued that “gender” is a Western cultural invention that is foreign to Yorùbá systems of sociation; and Helen Veran (2001) argued that even though science, mathematics, and logic are not culturally relative, “certainty” is nonetheless derived from cultural practices and associations. Building on these and other works, this essay argues that: (i) incommensurability of “worldviews,” “perspectives,” “paradigms,” or “conceptual schemes” springs from deeper, more fundamental cognitive categories of logic that are coded into natural languages; and that (ii) consequently, as long as African reflective reasoning is expressed solely (or predominantly) in European languages, the authenticity of the “African” in African philosophy is questionable.

Reflective Reasoning in a Case-Based Reasoning Agent

1999 ◽  
pp. 142-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Sànchez-Marrè ◽  
Ulises Cortés ◽  
Javier Béjar ◽  
Ignasi R. Roda ◽  
Manel Poch
Keyword(s):  
Case Based Reasoning ◽  
Reflective Reasoning ◽  
Reasoning Agent ◽  
Case Based

scholarly journals Can We Teach Reflective Reasoning in General-Practice Training Through Example-Based Learning and Learning by Doing?

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 506-515
Author(s):  
Josepha Kuhn ◽  
Pieter van den Berg ◽  
Silvia Mamede ◽  
Laura Zwaan ◽  
Agnes Diemers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Learning By Doing ◽  
Reflective Reasoning ◽  
General Practice Training
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