Review of the discard and/or refusal rate of offered donor hearts to pediatric waitlisted candidates

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Schweiger ◽  
Melanie D. Everitt ◽  
Sharon Chen ◽  
Deipanjan Nandi ◽  
Javier Castro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refusal Rate

scholarly journals Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Impacts of Web-Based Patient Education on Patients With Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Quasi-Experimental Cluster Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Laine ◽  
Maritta Välimäki ◽  
Virve Pekurinen ◽  
Eliisa Löyttyniemi ◽  
Mauri Marttunen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Patient Education ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Web Based ◽  
Illness Cognition ◽  
Refusal Rate ◽  
Schizophrenia Spectrum ◽  
Quasi Experimental

BACKGROUND Web-based interventions are promising tools for increasing the understanding of illness and treatment among patients with serious mental disorders. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to test the feasibility and acceptability of a Web-based patient education intervention using a quasi-experimental cluster design to report feedback on patient education sessions and the website used and to report preliminary evidence of the intervention’s impact on patients with schizophrenia spectrum disorder. METHODS A single-blind, parallel, quasi-experimental cluster study over a 6-month period comparing Web-based education (n=33) with a nonequivalent control group (treatment as usual, n=24) for people with schizophrenia spectrum disorder was conducted. Participants (N=57) were recruited from one psychiatric hospital (6 wards). Feasibility was assessed by participants’ commitment (refusal rate, dropout rate) to the study. Acceptability was assessed as participants’ commitment to the intervention. Patient education sessions and website feedback were assessed by the patients and health care professionals. The preliminary impact of the sessions on patients’ self-efficacy, self-esteem, illness cognition, and knowledge level was measured at baseline and follow-ups (8 weeks, 6 months) with self-rated questionnaires. RESULTS The refusal rate among patients was high with no statistically significant difference (69% [74/107] in the intervention group, 76% [76/100] in the control group; <italic>P</italic>=.21). The same result was found for the dropout rates (48% [16/33] vs 58% [14/24]; <italic>P</italic>=.46). The acceptability of the intervention was good; 31 participants out of 33 (94%) completed all five sessions. Feedback on the intervention was mainly positive; three out of four subscales of session were rated above the midpoint of 4.0. Feedback on the website was also positive, with a grade of good for content (69%, 20/29 patients; 75%, 21/28 professionals), layout (62%, 18/29 patients; 61%, 17/28 professionals), and usability (62%, 18/29 patients; and 68%, 19/28 professionals). The patients using the intervention had significantly higher scores 6 months after the sessions in self-efficacy (baseline mean 26.12, SD 5.64 vs 6-month mean 29.24, SD 6.05; <italic>P</italic>=.003) and regarding knowledge level about schizophrenia (mean 11.39, SD 4.65 vs 6-month mean 15.06, SD 5.26; <italic>P</italic>=.002), and lower scores in the subscale of helplessness in illness cognition (mean 2.26, SD 0.96 vs 6-month mean 1.85, SD 0.59; <italic>P</italic>=.03). Differences from the control group were not significant. No differences were found in patients’ self-esteem or other subscales in illness cognition. CONCLUSIONS The patients were reluctant to participate in the study and tended to drop out before the follow-ups. Once they had participated, their acceptance of the intervention was high. A more effective recruitment strategy and monitoring method will be needed in future studies. To assess the impact of the intervention, a more rigorous study design with an adequately powered sample size will be used in cooperation with outpatient mental health services.

scholarly journals Recusa da vacinação em área urbana do norte de Portugal

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 32152
Author(s):  
Margarida Silva Fonseca ◽  
Maria da Assunção L. N. Varela ◽  
Assunção Frutuoso ◽  
Maria de Fátima F. R. Pinto Monteiro
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Scientific Basis ◽  
Health Centers ◽  
Vaccination Program ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Refusal ◽  
Academic Level ◽  
Refusal Rate ◽  
The One ◽  
Attending Physician

AIMS: To know the number of vaccine refusals and to investigate the reasons for non-compliance with vaccination by the parents of children and adolescents living in an urban area of northern Portugal.METHODS: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of children/adolescents up to the age of 14 enrolled in health units in a metropolitan area of Porto, Portugal, belonging to the health centers groupings of Porto Ocidental, Porto Oriental, Gaia, Gondomar and Matosinhos, whose parents refused any vaccination of the National Vaccination Program in the period from January 2009 to December 2015. We studied the characterization of the sample and the reasons for vaccine rejection through the application of a questionnaire to parents.RESULTS: We identified 150 cases of children/adolescents to whom the parents refused any vaccine, in a global population of 103,406 children, resulting in a vaccine refusal rate of 0.14%. The highest rate occurred in the Porto Ocidental health centers grouping: 0.31%. Among the 150 cases, 86 parents accepted to respond to the questionnaire, corresponding to an adhesion rate of 64%. The median age of children/adolescents whose parents refused vaccination was seven years; most of them were healthy and had no perinatal problems. All parents were adults, mostly married and female. Most parents had a college degree and were professionally active. The Porto Oriental health centers grouping was the one where the parents who refused vaccines were mostly males, had a higher academic level and were more professionally active. The vaccine with the highest refusal rate was BCG, followed by anti-human papillomavirus and measles, mumps and rubella vaccine. The four main reasons for vaccination refusal by the parents were "vaccines are not a priority", "vaccines are not safe", "indication of the attending physician" and "fear of side effects." The reason for the "indication of the attending physician" was in all cases referred to the BCG vaccine.CONCLUSIONS: In this population the vaccination refusal rate was low; however, based on the results obtained, intervention efforts can be directed towards the families, aiming at combating the arguments without scientific basis and obtaining an unequivocal adhesion to the National Vaccination Program in Portugal.

The incidence of first-onset depression in a population followed from the age of 70 to 85

2001 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 1159-1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. PÁLSSON ◽  
S. ÖSTLING ◽  
I. SKOOG
Keyword(s):  
The Elderly ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Refusal Rate ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Depressive Episodes

Background. Due to the limited data available, it is not clear whether the incidence of first-onset depression varies with age in the elderly.Methods. A representative sample of individuals born 1901–2 (N = 392) was examined at the ages of 70, 75, 79, 81, 83 and 85 years by psychiatrists using a semi-structured schedule. Information on depressive episodes was also collected from self-report and examination of case records. Depression was diagnosed according to the DSM-III-R criteria.Results. The incidence of depression was 12 per 1000 person-years in men and 30 per 1000 person-years in women between the ages of 70 and 85 (sex difference P = 0·001). The incidence increased from 17 per 1000 person-years (men 8·7, women 23·2, P = 0·007) between the ages of 70 and 79 to 44 per 1000 person years (men 27·0, women 52·8, P = 0·166) between 79 and 85 (age difference: RR 2·6, P < 0·001; men RR 3·1, P = 0·036; women RR 2·3, P = 0·003) . A diagnosis of depression was associated with increased mortality and refusal rate during the 15-year follow-up. Previous episodes of depression were associated with an increased risk of further episodes. The prevalence of depression increased from 5·6% at the age of 70 to 13·0% at the age of 85. The lifetime prevalence of depression was 23% in men and 45% in women.Conclusions. Both the incidence and prevalence of depression increased with age in this longitudinally followed birth cohort, and the incidence was higher in women than in men.

scholarly journals Effect of Installation of Alcohol Gel Dispensers and Behavioral Nudges on Behavioral Drivers for Hand Hygiene: A Quasi-Experimental Study at a Tertiary Hospital during the COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sommanas Naknual ◽  
Nanta Kliangkird ◽  
Tippawan Liabsuetrakul ◽  
Wit Wichaidit
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Health Beliefs ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Health Belief ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Intervention Phase ◽  
Refusal Rate ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Objective: To compare the level of hand hygiene behavioral drivers before and after installation of alcohol gel dispensers and behavioral nudges among outpatients and visitors at a tertiary hospital in Thailand during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.Material and Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among outpatients and visitors in June 2020. We installed 12 alcohol gel dispensers with signs serving as behavioral nudges at a tertiary hospital in the Internal Medicine Outpatient Department (OPD), Surgery OPD, and the Pharmacy. We trained enumerators to interview outpatients and visitors regarding their behavioral drivers (beliefs about COVID-19 and hand hygiene based on the health belief model, plus handwashing social norms). We analyzed data using descriptive statistics.Results: Enumerators recruited 206 participants in the pre-intervention phase (refusal rate = 37.6%) and 219 participants in the post-intervention phase (refusal rate = 32.2%). There were significant differences between the pre-intervention and post-intervention phases with regard to self-efficacy for hand hygiene (92.0% vs. 100%, respectively), perceived lack of barriers to hand hygiene with alcohol (93.2% vs. 98.2%, respectively), and the proportion of participants who reported that hand hygiene had become a habit (7.5 vs. 18.8%, respectively). Reports of other domains of health beliefs (perceived severity of COVID-19, perceived benefits of handwashing) were homogeneous in both periods.Conclusion: We found differences in perceived lack of barriers and reported habit of hand hygiene but while self-efficacy was homogeneous in both periods. Issues regarding selection bias, construct validity, and generalizability may limit the usefulness of the study data. Caveats should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.

The Effect of Amount Offered on Selection and Intake of Barley Straw by Goats

1986 ◽  
Vol 1986 ◽  
pp. 137-137
Author(s):  
R.A. Waned ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Method ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Barley Straw ◽  
Feeding Period ◽  
Selective Feeding ◽  
Refusal Rate ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Grazing Sheep ◽  
Ad Libitum Intake

The conventional method of measuring ad libitum intake of roughages involves offering sufficient (usually in chopped form) to ensure that 15 to 20% is left at the end of the feeding period (Blaxter et al 1961). Earlier experiments (Waned and Owen, 1986) with goats and sheep fed long roughages ad libitum (allowing 20% of feed offered to be refused) showed both species to be capable of selective feeding, in that refusals had a lower nutritive value than feed offered. The latter study and that of Glbb and Treacher (1976) with grazing sheep, suggested that selection and hence intake of roughage would increase if the amount offered (and hence refusal rate) was increased.To test this hypothesis two experiments were conducted with housed (16 hours light, 8 hours dark), individually penned Saanen castrate goats ranging in weight (15 to 65 kg) and age (6 to 30 months). Animals were fed restricted amounts of concentrates (15 g dry matter (DM) per kg M0.7S daily) and long barley straw ad libitum.

scholarly journals RELATIVES’ REFUSAL RATE FOR ORGAN DONATION IN RELATION TO DONOR REGISTER AND DONOR AGE

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 708-709
Author(s):  
H Van Leiden ◽  
N Jansen ◽  
A Hoitsma ◽  
B Haase-Kromwijk
Keyword(s):  
Organ Donation ◽  
Donor Age ◽  
Refusal Rate

scholarly journals Evaluation of reasons for participation refusal among pregnant women in a perinatal outcome research

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 2403
Author(s):  
Vijayan Sharmila ◽  
Thirunavukkarasu Arun Babu
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Refusal Rate ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
The Common ◽  
Refusal To Participate ◽  
Women In India ◽  
Participation In Research

Background: The number of protocol-eligible patients, refusing to participate in a biomedical research is often not mentioned in the results of the studies. There are no studies that have looked at the data on willingness to participate in a research among pregnant women in India. The aim of this study is to report the number of pregnant women who refused to participate and to evaluate the reasons for not participating in a research that was concerned with swabbing of the genital tract for culture.Methods: A prospective research study was done among healthy pregnant women, that required collection of vaginal swabs for culture to study the vaginal flora. The women eligible to participate in the study were approached for their willingness to participate in the study. The details of women who refused to participate in the study and the various self-reported reasons for their refusal were documented and analysed.Results: A total 48.2% of the total protocol-eligible group refused to participate in the study and the refusal rate was alarmingly higher than expected. Some of the common responses for their refusal include reasons such as the study involved tests from their private parts, lack of interest to participate and the need to discuss with their partner or that their partner wound not allow them to participate in research.Conclusions: It is important for research studies to include data on the refusal to participate and also the reasons why people refuse to participate in research so as to formulate strategies to improve the acceptance rate for participation in research. 

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