Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of canagliflozin in pediatric patients with type 2 diabetes

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
William V Tamborlane ◽  
David Polidori ◽  
Domenick Argenti ◽  
Nicholas A Di Prospero
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics

scholarly journals Serum Irisin Levels, Endothelial Dysfunction, and Inflammation in Pediatric Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Anna S. Huerta-Delgado ◽  
Daniel N. Roffe-Vazquez ◽  
Adrian M. Gonzalez-Gil ◽  
José R. Villarreal-Calderón ◽  
Oscar Tamez-Rivera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Compensatory Mechanism ◽  
Endothelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Soluble Cell

The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) has increased in the pediatric population. Irisin, an adipomyokine, is involved in white adipose tissue browning, energy expenditure, insulin sensitivity, and anti-inflammatory pathways. Data on the associations among circulating irisin levels, soluble cell adhesion molecules (sCAMs), and inflammatory cytokines is scarce in children and adolescents with MetS and T2DM. Subjects aged 6-16 years were grouped into T2DM, MetS, and healthy controls. Serum irisin levels were significantly lower in the MetS (6.6 [2.8-18.0] ng/mL) and T2DM (6.8 [2.2-23.2] ng/mL) groups compared with controls (30.3 [24.6-57.1] ng/mL). Negative correlations between irisin and the BMI percentile (R=−0.358), WC percentile (R=−0.308), and triglycerides (R=−0.284) were identified, while positive associations with TC (R=0.287), HDL-c (R=0.488), and LDL-c (R=0.414) were observed. Significant negative correlations were found between irisin and sNCAM (R=−0.382), sICAM-2 (R=−0.300), sVCAM-1 (R=−0.292), MCP-1 (R=−0.308), and IFN-α2 (R=−0.406). Of note, lower concentrations of most sCAMs (sICAM-1, sPSGL-1, sP-selectin, sEpCAM, sICAM-2, sALCAM, sPECAM-1, sCD44, sVCAM-1, sICAM-3, sL-selectin, and sNCAM) were shown in T2DM subjects compared with MetS patients. Lower irisin levels induce a lack of inhibition of oxidative stress and inflammation. In T2DM, higher ROS, AGEs, glucotoxicity, and inflammation trigger endothelial cell apoptosis, which downregulates the sCAM expression as a compensatory mechanism to prevent further vascular damage. In opposition, in subjects with MetS that have not yet developed T2DM and its accompanying stressors, the upregulation of the sCAM expression is ensued.

Urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio to differentiate type 2 diabetes mellitus from type 1 in pediatric patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 179 (7) ◽  
pp. 1115-1120
Author(s):  
Wafaa Elzahar ◽  
Ahmed Arafa ◽  
Amira Youssef ◽  
Adel Erfan ◽  
Doaa El Amrousy
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Creatinine Ratio ◽  
C Peptide

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of gliclazide in Caucasians and Australian Aborigines with type 2 diabetes

2000 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 223-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy M. E. Davis ◽  
Frank Daly ◽  
John P. Walsh ◽  
Kenneth F. Ilett ◽  
John P. Beilby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Australian Aborigines ◽  
Pharmacokinetics And Pharmacodynamics
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