Effects of prenatal sex hormones on behavioral sexual dimorphism

2019 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takahiko Mitsui ◽  
Atsuko Araki ◽  
Chihiro Miyashita ◽  
Sachiko Ito ◽  
Tamiko Ikeno ◽  
...  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4620
Author(s):  
Holly J. Woodward ◽  
Dongxing Zhu ◽  
Patrick W. F. Hadoke ◽  
Victoria E. MacRae

Sex differences in cardiovascular disease (CVD), including aortic stenosis, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular calcification, are well documented. High levels of testosterone, the primary male sex hormone, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular calcification, whilst estrogen, the primary female sex hormone, is considered cardioprotective. Current understanding of sexual dimorphism in cardiovascular calcification is still very limited. This review assesses the evidence that the actions of sex hormones influence the development of cardiovascular calcification. We address the current question of whether sex hormones could play a role in the sexual dimorphism seen in cardiovascular calcification, by discussing potential mechanisms of actions of sex hormones and evidence in pre-clinical research. More advanced investigations and understanding of sex hormones in calcification could provide a better translational outcome for those suffering with cardiovascular calcification.


2021 ◽  
Vol 129 ◽  
pp. 104929
Author(s):  
Gareth Richards ◽  
Tess Beking ◽  
Baudewijntje P.C. Kreukels ◽  
Reint H. Geuze ◽  
Alan A. Beaton ◽  
...  

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfonse T. Masi ◽  
Azeem A. Rehman ◽  
Laura C. Jorgenson ◽  
Jennifer M. Smith ◽  
Jean C. Aldag

Innate immunity and immunological biomarkers are believed to be interrelated with sex hormones and other neuroendocrine factors. Sexual dimorphism mechanisms may be operating in certain rheumatic and inflammatory diseases which occur more frequently in women than men, as rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Less data have been available on altered interrelations of the combined neuroendocrine and immune (NEI) systems as risk factors for development of certain diseases. In this study, serological interrelations of NEI biomarkers are analyzed before symptomatic onset of RA (pre-RA) versus control (CN) subjects, stratified by sex. Sexual dimorphism was found in serum levels of acute serum amyloid A (ASAA), soluble interleukin-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Rα), and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (sTNF-R1). Multiple steroidal and hormonal (neuroendocrine) factors also showed highly(p<0.001)significant sexual dimorphism in their assayed values, but less for cortisol(p=0.012), and not for 17-hydroxyprogesterone(p=0.176). After stratification by sex and risk of developing RA, differential NEI correlational patterns were observed in the interplay of the NEI systems between the pre-RA and CN groups, which deserve further investigation.


2012 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 415-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam J. Lawrance-Owen ◽  
Gary Bargary ◽  
Jenny M. Bosten ◽  
Patrick T. Goodbourn ◽  
Ruth E. Hogg ◽  
...  

The Lancet ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 303 (7867) ◽  
pp. 1168 ◽  
Author(s):  
JohnJ. Mulvihill ◽  
CharlotteG. Mulvihi ◽  
CatherineA. Neill

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. e53562 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiling Zheng ◽  
Hongyan Xu ◽  
Siew Hong Lam ◽  
Huaien Luo ◽  
R. Krishna Murthy Karuturi ◽  
...  

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (5) ◽  
pp. 357-367 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jan Kroon ◽  
Alberto M. Pereira ◽  
Onno C. Meijer

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