Revisiting the history of the “Mongolian spot”: The background and implications of a medical term used today

Connie S. Zhong; Jennifer T. Huang; Vinod E. Nambudiri

doi:10.1111/pde.13858

NATURAL HISTORY OF THE MONGOLIAN SPOT

The Journal of Dermatology ◽

10.1111/j.1346-8138.1980.tb02000.x ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 449-450 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Ichiro Kikuchi ◽

Shouhei Inoue

Keyword(s):

Natural History ◽

Mongolian Spot ◽

History Of

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A clinical study of cutaneous manifestations in neonates at a tertiary health care center

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20213340 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 658

Author(s):

M. Sneha ◽

Kumaravel Sadagopan ◽

Vaishnavi D.

Keyword(s):

Care Center ◽

Skin Lesions ◽

Normal Variants ◽

Cutaneous Manifestations ◽

Detailed History ◽

Vernix Caseosa ◽

Health Care Center ◽

Mongolian Spot ◽

History Of ◽

Neonatal Skin

Background: Cutaneous alterations are commonly seen in neonates as a normal process of adaptation to the external air environment after birth. It is good to know about transient skin lesions in infants to distinguish them from other conditions that prevent unwanted neonate therapy. Parents should be confident of the excellent prognosis of these manifestations of the skin. The aim of the study was to determine the patterns of cutaneous manifestations occurring among the newborn.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in the newborn with at-least one cutaneous manifestation. A detailed history of the neonates and mother was collected using pre-designed proforma.Results: Of 100 neonates, 52 were males, 48 were females, of these, 85 were born at term, 10 were preterm, and 5 were post-term. Mongolian spot was seen in lumbosacral, buttocks and extremities in 80 (80%) neonates, vernix caseosa in 20 (20%) neonates. Milia in 14 (14%) neonates, eczematous eruption in 30 (12.5%).Conclusions: This neonatal skin research has provided details on normal variants occurs during the neonatal phase. It is necessary to know that most newborn skin lesions are temporary and do not require any treatment.

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Delivering life, delivering death: Reaper drones, hysteria and maternity

Security Dialogue ◽

10.1177/0967010621997628 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 096701062199762

Author(s):

Lindsay C Clark

Keyword(s):

Real Life ◽

Military Technology ◽

Women's Bodies ◽

The Past ◽

Women's Participation ◽

The Feminine ◽

Medical Term ◽

History Of ◽

Drone Warfare ◽

The Way

Like all warfare, drone warfare is deeply gendered. This article explores how this military technology sediments or disrupts existing conceptualizations of women who kill in war. The article using the concept of motherhood as a narrative organizing trope and introduces a ‘fictional’ account of motherhood and drone warfare and data from a ‘real life’ account of a pregnant British Reaper operator. The article considers the way trauma experienced by Reaper drone crews is reported in a highly gendered manner, reflecting the way women’s violence is generally constructed as resulting from personal failures, lost love and irrational emotionality. This irrational emotionality is tied to a long history of medicalizing women’s bodies and psychologies because of their reproductive capacities and, specifically, their wombs – explored in this article under the historico-medical term of ‘hysteria’. The article argues that where barriers to women’s participation in warfare have, in the past, hinged upon their (argued) physical weakness, and where technology renders these barriers obsolete, there remains the tenacious myth that women are emotionally incapable of conducting lethal operations – a myth based on (mis)conceptions of the ‘naturalness’ of motherhood and the feminine capacity to give life.

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Leksem 'apopleksja' w historii polszczyzny

Studia z Filologii Polskiej i Słowiańskiej ◽

10.11649/sfps.2017.001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 52 ◽

pp. 1-28

Author(s):

Lucyna Agnieszka Jankowiak

Keyword(s):

Second World War ◽

Cerebral Stroke ◽

Medical Terminology ◽

World War ◽

Medical Texts ◽

Medical Term ◽

History Of ◽

Brain Stroke ◽

First Time ◽

Second World

The lexeme apopleksja in the history of PolishApopleksja ‘apoplexy’ is a word of Latin origin which was used for the first time as a medical term probably in 1534 in a herbarium by Stefan Falimirz. Since then it has been continuously included in dictionaries. Over the period of its presence in Polish, it has been considered to be a medical term, which has been numerously evidenced in medical texts of various epochs and also by the fact that it was referenced in two medical lexicons which are important in the history of the Polish medical terminology: one of 1881, the other of 1905. However, these lexicons show that the term apopleksja had competition. Most probably, the lexeme apopleksja was used for the last time as a strictly medical term before the Second World War. Today it belongs to a group of archaisms in the medical terminology and has been replaced by the following terms: udar (udar mózgu, udar mózgowy) ‘stroke (brain stroke, cerebral stroke).’ Leksem apopleksja w historii polszczyznyApopleksja to wyraz pochodzenia łacińskiego użyty po raz pierwszy prawdopodobnie w 1534 r. w zielniku Stefana Falimirza w funkcji ówczesnego terminu medycznego. Od tego momentu do dziś jest nieprzerwanie notowany przez słowniki. W ciągu swej bytności w polszczyźnie traktowany jest jako termin medyczny, o czym świadczą jego liczne poświadczenia w tekstach medycznych różnych epok oraz fakt odnotowania go w dwóch ważnych dla historii polskiej terminologii medycznej leksykonach medycznych: z 1881 r. i z 1905 r. Jednak już w tych leksykonach widać, że termin apopleksja miał konkurencję. Prawdopodobnie leksem apopleksja ostatni raz został użyty jako termin ściśle medyczny przed drugą wojną światową. Dziś należy do grupy archaizmów w terminologii medycznej, a jego miejsce zajęły terminy: udar (udar mózgu, udar mózgowy).

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