scholarly journals Verbal memory impairments in bipolar disorder: Effect of type of word learning tasks

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (8) ◽  
pp. 570-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomiki Sumiyoshi ◽  
Atsuhito Toyomaki ◽  
Naoko Kawano ◽  
Tomoko Kitajima ◽  
Ichiro Kusumi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Disorder Effect

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Consonant Vowel Consonant (CVC) Test as an Assessment and Screening Instrument for Mild Cognitive Impairment

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Vierck ◽  
Richard J. Porter ◽  
Janet K. Spittlehouse ◽  
Peter R. Joyce
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Word Learning ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Learning Task ◽  
Screening Instrument ◽  
Learning Tasks ◽  
Ceiling Effects

<p>Objective: Traditional word learning tasks have been criticised for being affected by ceiling effects. The Consonant Vowel Consonant (CVC) test is a non-word verbal learning task designed to be more difficult and therefore have a lower risk of ceiling effects.</p><p>Method: The current study examines the psychometric properties of the CVC in 404 middle-aged persons and evaluates it as a screening instrument for mild cognitive impairment by comparing it to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Differences between currently depressed and non-depressed participants were also examined.</p><p>Results: CVC characteristics are similar to traditional verbal memory tasks but with reduced likelihood of a ceiling effect. Using the standard cut-off on the MoCA as an indication of mild cognitive impairment, the CVC performed only moderately well in predicting this. Depressed participants scored significantly lower on the CVC compared with non-depressed individuals.</p><p>Conclusions: The CVC may be similar in psychometric properties to the traditional word learning tests but with a higher ceiling. Scores are lower in depression.</p>

Dissociable mechanisms for memory impairment in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia

2006 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1085-1095 ◽  
Author(s):  
DAVID C. GLAHN ◽  
JENNIFER BARRETT ◽  
CARRIE E. BEARDEN ◽  
JIM MINTZ ◽  
MICHAEL F. GREEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Cognitive Remediation ◽  
Memory Deficits ◽  
Absolute Level ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Remediation Strategies ◽  
Organizational Dysfunction ◽  
Bipolar Patients

Background. Although memory deficits are consistently reported in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder, the mechanisms underlying these impairments are poorly understood. Clarifying the nature and degree of overlap in memory deficits between the two illnesses could help to distinguish brain systems disrupted in these illnesses, and indicate cognitive remediation strategies to improve patient outcomes.Method. We examined performance on a non-verbal memory task in clinically stable out-patients with bipolar disorder (n=40), schizophrenia (n=40), and healthy comparison subjects (n=40). This task includes conditions in which distinct mnemonic strategies – namely, using context to organize familiar stimuli or using holistic representation of novel stimuli – facilitate performance.Result. When compared to a reference condition, bipolar patients had deficits consistent with organizational dysfunction and poor detection of novel information. Although patients with schizophrenia performed worse than the other groups, they were only differentially impaired when organizational demands were significant. Task performance was not correlated with severity of clinical symptomatology.Conclusions. This pattern of distinct memory impairments implies disturbances in partially overlapping neural systems in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia. Evidence of impairment in detection of novel stimuli that is unique to bipolar disorder suggests that, while the absolute level of cognitive dysfunction is less severe in bipolar disorder as compared to schizophrenia, subtle disruptions in memory are present. These findings can be used to plan targeted cognitive remediation programs by helping patients to capitalize on intact functions and to learn new strategies that they do not employ without training.

Characteristics of non-verbal memory impairment in bipolar disorder: the role of encoding strategies

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (5) ◽  
pp. 823-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. DECKERSBACH ◽  
S. McMURRICH ◽  
J. OGUTHA ◽  
C. R. SAVAGE ◽  
G. SACHS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Information ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Impaired Performance ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Multiple Regression Modeling ◽  
Encoding Strategies

Background. There is evidence that individuals with bipolar disorder exhibit neuropsychological impairments not only during episodes of depression or mania but also when they are euthymic. One of the most consistently reported cognitive problems in euthymic individuals with bipolar disorder is impairment in episodic memory. Learning and memory depend on individuals' ability to organize information during learning. A recent study by our group showed that verbal episodic memory impairments in euthymic patients with bipolar I disorder (BP-I) are mediated by difficulties in organizing verbal information appropriately during learning. The purpose of the present study was to determine whether memory impairments in euthymic individuals with BP-I extend to non-verbal memory and whether non-verbal memory impairments are mediated by difficulties in organizing non-verbal information during encoding.Method. Study participants were 25 euthymic, remitted individuals with BP-I and 25 age, gender and education matched control participants. Participants completed the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), a well-established measure of non-verbal memory that enables assessment of organization during learning.Results. Compared to control participants, BP-I participants showed impaired performance on the RCFT immediate recall. They also relied less on organizational strategies during encoding. Multiple regression modeling indicated that group differences between control and BP-I participants in long-delayed free recall did not remain statistically significant when effects of lower organization were partialled out.Conclusions. Non-verbal memory problems in individuals with bipolar disorder, while euthymic, are mediated by poor use of non-verbal organization strategies during encoding, but do not appear to reflect deficits in retention of information.

scholarly journals Cognitive impact in bipolar disorder

2019 ◽  
pp. 052-058
Author(s):  
Bourin Michel
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Visual Memory ◽  
Age Of Onset ◽  
Cognitive Difficulties ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
History Of ◽  
Bipolar Patients ◽  
Disability Severity ◽  
Depressive Episodes

It appears that bipolar patients suffer from cognitive difficulties whereas they are in period of thymic stability. These intercritical cognitive difficulties are fairly stable and their severity is correlated with the functional outcome of patients. Nevertheless, the profile of cognitive impairment varies significantly from study to study quantitatively and qualitatively. According to the studies, the authors find difficulties in terms of learning, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, sustained attention, speed of information processing, functions executive. On the other hand, deficits of general intelligence, motor functions, selective attention, and language are not usually found. One of the reasons for the heterogeneity of results is the difficulty of exploring cognition in bipolar disorder. Many factors must be taken into account, such as the presence of residual mood symptoms, the longitudinal history of the disorder (age of onset, number of episodes due, among others, the neurotoxic impact of depressive episodes and deleterious cognitive effects). (length of hospitalization), level of disability severity, comorbidities (particularly addictive).

scholarly journals Organizational Learning Strategies and Verbal Memory Deficits in Bipolar Disorder

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-366 ◽  
Author(s):  
George C. Nitzburg ◽  
Armando Cuesta-Diaz ◽  
Luz H. Ospina ◽  
Manuela Russo ◽  
Megan Shanahan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Learning Strategies ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Diagnostic Category ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Organizational Strategies ◽  
Learning Differences ◽  
Mnemonic Devices ◽  
Bipolar Patients

AbstractBackground: Verbal memory (VM) impairment is prominent in bipolar disorder (BD) and is linked to functional outcomes. However, the intricacies of VM impairment have not yet been studied in a large sample of BD patients. Moreover, some have proposed VM deficits that may be mediated by organizational strategies, such as semantic or serial clustering. Thus, the exact nature of VM break-down in BD patients is not well understood, limiting remediation efforts. We investigated the intricacies of VM deficits in BD patients versus healthy controls (HCs) and examined whether verbal learning differences were mediated by use of clustering strategies. Methods: The California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) was administered to 113 affectively stable BD patients and 106 HCs. We compared diagnostic groups on all CVLT indices and investigated whether group differences in verbal learning were mediated by clustering strategies. Results: Although BD patients showed significantly poorer attention, learning, and memory, these indices were only mildly impaired. However, BD patients evidenced poorer use of effective learning strategies and lower recall consistency, with these indices falling in the moderately impaired range. Moreover, relative reliance on semantic clustering fully mediated the relationship between diagnostic category and verbal learning, while reliance on serial clustering partially mediated this relationship. Conclusions: VM deficits in affectively stable bipolar patients were widespread but were generally mildly impaired. However, patients displayed inadequate use of organizational strategies with clear separation from HCs on semantic and serial clustering. Remediation efforts may benefit from education about mnemonic devices or “chunking” techniques to attenuate VM deficits in BD. (JINS, 2017, 23, 358–366)

scholarly journals T27. COGNITIVE RESERVE IN CHILD AND ADOLESCENT OFFSPRING OF PATIENTS DIANOSED WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA OR BIPOLAR DISORDER

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S241-S242
Author(s):  
Elena De la Serna ◽  
Patricia Camprodon-Boadas ◽  
Gisela Sugranyes ◽  
Carla Torrent ◽  
Brisa Sole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Cognitive Reserve ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Prodromal Symptoms ◽  
Neuropsychological Variables

Abstract Background Cognitive Reserve (CR) is defined as the ability of the brain to cope and deal with physiological or pathological brain injuries. In the field of psychiatry, higher levels of CR have been associated with lower levels of psychotic symptoms, higher psycho-social functioning and higher cognitive performance, suggesting that CR should be considered as a protective factor (Barnett et al., 2006; Amoretti et al., 2016). This study aims to compare CR levels in a sample of adolescents and young adult offspring of patients with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder who are at high risk of developing these disorders (HR) and compared them with a group of healthy controls (HC). We also assess the utility of CR in predicting clinical and cognitive variables. Methods Participants were 85 HR and 45 HC. A CR proxy was calculated based on premorbid IQ, socio-occupational attainment and social activities. Clinical assessment included: the Structured Interview for Prodromal Symptoms (SOPS), the Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS). Neuropsychological assessment included: Working Memory, Processing Speed, Verbal Memory, attention and executive functioning. A factorial analysis was conducted in order to obtain a single CR measure. Differences between groups in CR were assessed via MANCOVA and linear regressions were conducted to check the effectiveness of CR in predicting clinical and neuropsychological variables. Results No significant differences were observed in age or gender between HR and HC groups. Socioeconomic status was lower in HR subjects (F=8.100, p=0.005).CR was significantly lower in the HR group than in the HC group (F=17.522; p&lt;0.001). Moreover, the CR proxy was able to correctly classify 72.7% of the sample as either HR or HC. Our proxy was able to predict the following clinical variables in the HR group: negative (F=9.269; p=0.002), and total (F=7.290; p=0.009) prodromal symptoms, the YMRS (F=11.597; P&lt;0.001) and the HDRS (F=12.761; p&lt;0.001). In terms of neuropsychological variables, RC predicted WM (F=9.738; p=0.003), PS (F=4.557; p=0.037) and verbal memory [immediate (F=6.999; p=0.010) and delayed recall (F=10.990; P=0.002)] in the HR sample. Discussion HR subjects have lower CR than controls. CR is associated with clinical and neuropsychological variables. To our knowledge no previous studies have assessed CR in high risk samples. Nevertheless, studies conducted in adult first episode psychotic samples have shown an association between CR and the severity of symptoms.

A five-times repeated verbal memory test revealed difference between bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder

2010 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. e318
Author(s):  
Jun Iwatani ◽  
Masahiro Yamamoto ◽  
Satoshi Ukai ◽  
Tomikimi Tsuji ◽  
Sayuri Kubo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Test ◽  
Major Depressive

Amygdala Volume and Verbal Memory Performance in Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

2009 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. S. Killgore ◽  
Isabelle M. Rosso ◽  
Staci A. Gruber ◽  
Deborah A. Yurgelun-Todd
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Verbal Memory ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Amygdala Volume
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