scholarly journals Cooperative behaviour and phenotype plasticity evolve during melanoma progression

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily J. Rowling ◽  
Zsofia Miskolczi ◽  
Raghavendar Nagaraju ◽  
Daniel J. Wilcock ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Melanoma Progression ◽  
Phenotype Plasticity

الثقة، الصراع والسلوك التعاوني مع الاخذ بالاعتبار العلاقات التبادلية داخل المنظمات

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (48) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
سعد علي حمود العنزي
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Human Resources Management ◽  
Industrial Relations ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Resources Management

كثيرة هي البحوث والدراسات التي نراجعها في السلوك التنظيمي، بحكم عملنا كأستاذ دراسات عليا بتخصص ادارة الموارد البشرية ونظرية المنظمة، ووقع بيننا بحثاً نظرياً متميزاً للباحثين (Karin Sanders & Birgit Schyns)([1])، نشر في مجلة اصيلة هي (Personnel Review)، في عام (2006)، بمجلدها (35) وبالعدد (5)، تحت عنوان (Trust, Conflict and Cooperative Behaviour: Considering Reciprocity Within Organizations) . ولنقل الفائدة العلمية للمتخصصين والمعنيين والمهتمين بهذا الموضوع الحيوي، أرتأينا ترجمته بالتصرف الذي يفيد القارئ باللغة العربية. فالبحث يصب غرضه في دراسة قضية محددة تتعلق بالثقة، الصراع، والسلوك التعاوني كحلقات مهمة في العمل التنظيمي، ذلك لأن مخرجات العاملين (Employees Outcomes) المتعلقة بإتجاهاتهم، وسلوكياتهم، تأتي من العلاقات التبادلية التي تقع بينهم، والتي ينبغي اختبارها كخصائص لعلاقاتهم هذه، وليس كسمات لهم. ففي اطار ذلك، تتمثل قيمة هذا البحث برأينا بمحاولة ملئ فجوة التبادلية في علاقات المدراء- والمرؤوسين- المرؤوسين، والتركيز عليها بشدة لتفسير تلك القضية المحددة آنفة الذكر. وبحكم كون البحث الحالي، طبيعته تتصف بالمراجعة العامة للفكر الاكاديمي المطروح على الساحة، فإنه يرتبط بمصطلحات علمية سلوكية كثيرة ابرزها: سلوك العاملين (Employees behaviour) اتجاهات العاملين (Employees attitudes)، احتواء العاملين (Employees involvement) العلاقات الصناعية (Industrial relations)، ادارة الموارد البشرية التطبيقية (Applied human resources management).   [1])) ان  (Karin Sanders) استاذ علم النفس التنظيمي والعمل بجامعة (Twenke, The Netherlands) و (Birgit Schyns)، استاذة مساعدة بدراسات الموارد البشرية بجامعة (Tilburg, The Netherlands).

CD147 Promotes Melanoma Progression Through Hypoxia-Induced MMP2 Activation

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (666) ◽  
pp. 1-2 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Zeng ◽  
J. Su ◽  
L. Wu ◽  
D. Yang ◽  
T. Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melanoma Progression

scholarly journals RNA-seq Characterization of Melanoma Phenotype Switch in 3D Collagen after p38 MAPK Inhibitor Treatment

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 449
Author(s):  
Vladimír Čermák ◽  
Aneta Škarková ◽  
Ladislav Merta ◽  
Veronika Kolomazníková ◽  
Veronika Palušová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
P38 Mapk ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Illumina Hiseq ◽  
Invasive Phenotype ◽  
Mesenchymal Transition ◽  
Phenotype Switch ◽  
3D Collagen ◽  
Phenotype Plasticity

Melanoma phenotype plasticity underlies tumour dissemination and resistance to therapy, yet its regulation is incompletely understood. In vivo switching between a more differentiated, proliferative phenotype and a dedifferentiated, invasive phenotype is directed by the tumour microenvironment. We found that treatment of partially dedifferentiated, invasive A375M2 cells with two structurally unrelated p38 MAPK inhibitors, SB2021920 and BIRB796, induces a phenotype switch in 3D collagen, as documented by increased expression of melanocyte differentiation markers and a loss of invasive phenotype markers. The phenotype is accompanied by morphological change corresponding to amoeboid–mesenchymal transition. We performed RNA sequencing with an Illumina HiSeq platform to fully characterise transcriptome changes underlying the switch. Gene expression results obtained with RNA-seq were validated by comparing them with RT-qPCR. Transcriptomic data generated in the study will extend the present understanding of phenotype plasticity in melanoma and its contribution to invasion and metastasis.

scholarly journals Blocking Migration of Polymorphonuclear Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells Inhibits Mouse Melanoma Progression

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 726
Author(s):  
Christopher Groth ◽  
Ludovica Arpinati ◽  
Merav E. Shaul ◽  
Nina Winkler ◽  
Klara Diester ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Progression ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Suppressor Cells ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells ◽  
Melanoma Progression ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Immunosuppressive Tumor Microenvironment ◽  
Metastatic Sites

Background: Despite recent improvement in the treatment of malignant melanoma by immune-checkpoint inhibitors, the disease can progress due to an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) mainly represented by myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC). However, the relative contribution of the polymorphonuclear (PMN) and monocytic (M) MDSC subsets to melanoma progression is not clear. Here, we compared both subsets regarding their immunosuppressive capacity and recruitment mechanisms. Furthermore, we inhibited PMN-MDSC migration in vivo to determine its effect on tumor progression. Methods: Using the RET transgenic melanoma mouse model, we investigated the immunosuppressive function of MDSC subsets and chemokine receptor expression on these cells. The effect of CXCR2 inhibition on PMN-MDSC migration and tumor progression was studied in RET transgenic mice and in C57BL/6 mice after surgical resection of primary melanomas. Results: Immunosuppressive capacity of intratumoral M- and PMN-MDSC was comparable in melanoma bearing mice. Anti-CXCR2 therapy prolonged survival of these mice and decreased the occurrence of distant metastasis. Furthermore, this therapy reduced the infiltration of melanoma lesions and pre-metastatic sites with PMN-MDSC that was associated with the accumulation of natural killer (NK) cells. Conclusions: We provide evidence for the tumor−promoting properties of PMN-MDSC as well as for the anti-tumor effects upon their targeting in melanoma bearing mice.

scholarly journals Reformulating Jan Tinbergen’s normative vision on welfare and security

2021 ◽  
pp. 002234332096977
Author(s):  
S Mansoob Murshed
Keyword(s):  
Moral Hazard ◽  
Strategic Interaction ◽  
Free Riding ◽  
Payoff Function ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Individual Behaviour ◽  
World Government ◽  
Identity Based ◽  
Intellectual Legacy

This article builds on the intellectual legacy of Jan Tinbergen by extending his analysis on welfare and security into a framework involving strategic interaction. I first incorporate welfare and security in terms of interstate tensions into a single utility or payoff function. An uncertain world is characterized by states that are more peaceful, and others where nations are more hostile to each other. Both conflictual and peaceful outcomes lie along a spectrum of hostility short of war. The strategies adopted by the two countries, which promote peace, can be complements or substitutes. This means that they can go up or down in response to increases in the strategies of its rival. I demonstrate that non-cooperative behaviour between nations is Pareto inferior to cooperative behaviour, because the latter is associated with more actions and efforts to promote peace. Cooperative behaviour is akin to Tinbergen’s notion of world government. Non-cooperative behaviour by states also leads to moral hazard, and there can be free-riding in joint peaceful behaviour by some nations, particularly when the strategies of the countries are substitutes. The model is extended to aggressive international behaviour, including that mandated by populist plebiscites or election victories, as well as an outline of individual behaviour driven by identity-based politics.

scholarly journals The role of FoxP3+ regulatory T cells and IDO+ immune and tumor cells in malignant melanoma – an immunohistochemical study

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Satu Salmi ◽  
Anton Lin ◽  
Benjamin Hirschovits-Gerz ◽  
Mari Valkonen ◽  
Niina Aaltonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Regulatory T Cells ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Tumor Stage ◽  
Melanoma Cells ◽  
Melanoma Progression

Abstract Background FoxP3+ Regulatory T cells (Tregs) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) participate in the formation of an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME) in malignant cutaneous melanoma (CM). Recent studies have reported that IDO expression correlates with poor prognosis and greater Breslow’s depth, but results concerning the role of FoxP3+ Tregs in CM have been controversial. Furthermore, the correlation between IDO and Tregs has not been substantially studied in CM, although IDO is known to be an important regulator of Tregs activity. Methods We investigated the associations of FoxP3+ Tregs, IDO+ tumor cells and IDO+ stromal immune cells with tumor stage, prognostic factors and survival in CM. FoxP3 and IDO were immunohistochemically stained from 29 benign and 29 dysplastic nevi, 18 in situ -melanomas, 48 superficial and 62 deep melanomas and 67 lymph node metastases (LNMs) of CM. The number of FoxP3+ Tregs and IDO+ stromal immune cells, and the coverage and intensity of IDO+ tumor cells were analysed. Results The number of FoxP3+ Tregs and IDO+ stromal immune cells were significantly higher in malignant melanomas compared with benign lesions. The increased expression of IDO in melanoma cells was associated with poor prognostic factors, such as recurrence, nodular growth pattern and increased mitotic count. Furthermore, the expression of IDO in melanoma cells was associated with reduced recurrence˗free survival. We further showed that there was a positive correlation between IDO+ tumor cells and FoxP3+ Tregs. Conclusions These results indicate that IDO is strongly involved in melanoma progression. FoxP3+ Tregs also seems to contribute to the immunosuppressive TME in CM, but their significance in melanoma progression remains unclear. The positive association of FoxP3+ Tregs with IDO+ melanoma cells, but not with IDO+ stromal immune cells, indicates a complex interaction between IDO and Tregs in CM, which demands further studies.

scholarly journals 588 Essential role of periostin in inflammation-associated melanoma progression in human and mouse

2017 ◽  
Vol 137 (10) ◽  
pp. S293
Author(s):  
F. Ohno ◽  
T. Nakahara ◽  
M. Nakahara ◽  
S. Nunomura ◽  
K. Izuhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Role ◽  
Melanoma Progression ◽  
Human And Mouse

ROLE OF NUCLEAR FACTOR κB IN MELANOMA PROGRESSION.

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. S158
Author(s):  
A. M. DeLuca ◽  
B. Ryu ◽  
R. Alani
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Factor Κb ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Melanoma Progression
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