(+)‐Catechin, epicatechin and epigallocatechin are important inducible defensive compounds against Ectropis grisescens in tea plants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiwang Li ◽  
Jin Zhang ◽  
Songbo Lin ◽  
Yuxian Xing ◽  
Xin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Defensive Compounds ◽  
Tea Plants

Changes of Tea Plants’ Growth according to the Type of Sequential Double Shading

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Doobo Shim ◽  
Mi Jin Kwon ◽  
Eun-Ju Kang ◽  
Kyung Hwan Cho ◽  
Yong-Hwi Son ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tea Plants

scholarly journals (E)-Nerolidol is a volatile signal that induces defenses against insects and pathogens in tea plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shenglong Chen ◽  
Liping Zhang ◽  
Xiaoming Cai ◽  
Xin Li ◽  
Lei Bian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tea Plants

scholarly journals Biochemical characterization of specific Alanine Decarboxylase (AlaDC) and its ancestral enzyme Serine Decarboxylase (SDC) in tea plants (Camellia sinensis)

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Peixian Bai ◽  
Liyuan Wang ◽  
Kang Wei ◽  
Li Ruan ◽  
Liyun Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Duplication ◽  
Camellia Sinensis ◽  
Biochemical Characterization ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Protein Sequences ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
High Similarity ◽  
New Gene ◽  
Tea Plants

Abstract Background Alanine decarboxylase (AlaDC), specifically present in tea plants, is crucial for theanine biosynthesis. Serine decarboxylase (SDC), found in many plants, is a protein most closely related to AlaDC. To investigate whether the new gene AlaDC originate from gene SDC and to determine the biochemical properties of the two proteins from Camellia sinensis, the sequences of CsAlaDC and CsSDC were analyzed and the two proteins were over-expressed, purified, and characterized. Results The results showed that exon-intron structures of AlaDC and SDC were quite similar and the protein sequences, encoded by the two genes, shared a high similarity of 85.1%, revealing that new gene AlaDC originated from SDC by gene duplication. CsAlaDC and CsSDC catalyzed the decarboxylation of alanine and serine, respectively. CsAlaDC and CsSDC exhibited the optimal activities at 45 °C (pH 8.0) and 40 °C (pH 7.0), respectively. CsAlaDC was stable under 30 °C (pH 7.0) and CsSDC was stable under 40 °C (pH 6.0–8.0). The activities of the two enzymes were greatly enhanced by the presence of pyridoxal-5′-phosphate. The specific activity of CsSDC (30,488 IU/mg) was 8.8-fold higher than that of CsAlaDC (3467 IU/mg). Conclusions Comparing to CsAlaDC, its ancestral enzyme CsSDC exhibited a higher specific activity and a better thermal and pH stability, indicating that CsSDC acquired the optimized function after a longer evolutionary period. The biochemical properties of CsAlaDC might offer reference for theanine industrial production.

scholarly journals Spring Frost Damage to Tea Plants Can Be Identified with Daily Minimum Air Temperatures Estimated by MODIS Land Surface Temperature Products

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Peijuan Wang ◽  
Yuping Ma ◽  
Junxian Tang ◽  
Dingrong Wu ◽  
Hui Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Land Surface Temperature ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Spring Frost ◽  
Tea Plants ◽  
Elevation Model ◽  
Minimum Air Temperature

Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of the most dominant economic plants in China and plays an important role in agricultural economic benefits. Spring tea is the most popular drink due to Chinese drinking habits. Although the global temperature is generally warming, spring frost damage (SFD) to tea plants still occurs from time to time, and severely restricts the production and quality of spring tea. Therefore, monitoring and evaluating the impact of SFD to tea plants in a timely and precise manner is a significant and urgent task for scientists and tea producers in China. The region designated as the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River (MLRYR) in China is a major tea plantation area producing small tea leaves and low shrubs. This region was selected to study SFD to tea plants using meteorological observations and remotely sensed products. Comparative analysis between minimum air temperature (Tmin) and two MODIS nighttime land surface temperature (LST) products at six pixel-window scales was used to determine the best suitable product and spatial scale. Results showed that the LST nighttime product derived from MYD11A1 data at the 3 × 3 pixel window resolution was the best proxy for daily minimum air temperature. A Tmin estimation model was established using this dataset and digital elevation model (DEM) data, employing the standard lapse rate of air temperature with elevation. Model validation with 145,210 ground-based Tmin observations showed that the accuracy of estimated Tmin was acceptable with a relatively high coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.841), low root mean square error (RMSE = 2.15 °C) and mean absolute error (MAE = 1.66 °C), and reasonable normalized RMSE (NRMSE = 25.4%) and Nash–Sutcliffe model efficiency (EF = 0.12), with significantly improved consistency of LST and Tmin estimation. Based on the Tmin estimation model, three major cooling episodes recorded in the "Yearbook of Meteorological Disasters in China" in spring 2006 were accurately identified, and several highlighted regions in the first two cooling episodes were also precisely captured. This study confirmed that estimating Tmin based on MYD11A1 nighttime products and DEM is a useful method for monitoring and evaluating SFD to tea plants in the MLRYR. Furthermore, this method precisely identified the spatial characteristics and distribution of SFD and will therefore be helpful for taking effective preventative measures to mitigate the economic losses resulting from frost damage.

scholarly journals Brightly coloured tissues in limid bivalves chemically deter predators

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 191298
Author(s):  
Lindsey F. Dougherty ◽  
Alexandria K. Niebergall ◽  
Corey D. Broeckling ◽  
Kevin L. Schauer ◽  
Jingchun Li
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Chemical Defence ◽  
Chemical Compositions ◽  
Marine Bivalve ◽  
Metabolomic Analysis ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Defensive Compounds ◽  
Mantis Shrimp ◽  
Metabolite Profiles ◽  
Bivalve Tissues

Members of the marine bivalve family Limidae are known for their bright appearance. In this study, their colourful tissues were examined as a defence mechanism towards predators. We showed that when attacked by the peacock mantis shrimp ( Odontodactylus scyllarus ), the ‘disco’ clam, Ctenoides ales , opened wide to expose brightly coloured tissues to the predator. The predator also significantly preferred to consume the internal, non-colourful clam tissues than the external, colourful tissues. Mass spectrometry-based metabolomic analysis confirmed that colourful tissues had significantly different chemical compositions than the non-colourful ones. The internal, non-colourful tissues had metabolite profiles more similar to an outgroup bivalve than to the species' own colourful external tissues. A number of the compounds that differentiated the colourful tissues from the non-colourful tissues appeared to be peptide-like, which potentially serve as the underlying defensive compounds. This is the first study demonstrating that colourful bivalve tissues are used for chemical defence.

Clove Oil Efficacy on the Red Spider Mite, Oligonychus coffeae Nietner (Acari: Tetranychidae) Infesting Tea Plants

2015 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Archita Barua ◽  
Somnath Roy ◽  
Gautam Handique ◽  
Foridur Rahman Bora ◽  
Azizur Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spider Mite ◽  
Clove Oil ◽  
Red Spider Mite ◽  
Oligonychus Coffeae ◽  
Tea Plants
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