Production of complementary defense metabolites reflects a co‐evolutionary arms race between a host plant and a mutualistic bark beetle‐fungal complex

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aziz Ullah ◽  
Jennifer G. Klutsch ◽  
Nadir Erbilgin
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Bark Beetle ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Coevolving Predator and Prey Robots: Do “Arms Races” Arise in Artificial Evolution?

1998 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Nolfi ◽  
Dario Floreano
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Robotics ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Artificial Evolution ◽  
Arms Races ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race ◽  
Adaptive Power ◽  
Competing Populations

Coevolution (i.e., the evolution of two or more competing populations with coupled fitness) has several features that may potentially enhance the power of adaptation of artificial evolution. In particular, as discussed by Dawkins and Krebs [3], competing populations may reciprocally drive one another to increasing levels of complexity by producing an evolutionary “arms race.” In this article we will investigate the role of coevolution in the context of evolutionary robotics. In particular, we will try to understand in what conditions coevolution can lead to “arms races.” Moreover, we will show that in some cases artificial coevolution has a higher adaptive power than simple evolution. Finally, by analyzing the dynamics of coevolved populations, we will show that in some circumstances well-adapted individuals would be better advised to adopt simple but easily modifiable strategies suited for the current competitor strategies rather than incorporate complex and general strategies that may be effective against a wide range of opposing counter-strategies.

scholarly journals Molecular signatures of selection associated with host-plant differences in Pieris butterflies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu Okamura ◽  
Ai Sato ◽  
Natsumi Tsuzuki ◽  
Masashi Murakami ◽  
Hanna Heidel-Fischer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Family ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Protein A ◽  
Functional Differentiation ◽  
Major Allergen ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Evolutionary Forces ◽  
Key Innovation

AbstractAdaptive traits that enable organisms to conquer novel niches and experience subsequent diversification are ecologically and evolutionarily important. The larvae of Pieris butterflies express nitrile-specifier proteins (NSPs), a key innovation for overcoming the glucosinolate (GLS)-myrosinase-based defense system of their Brassicales host-plants. NSPs are a member of the NSP-like gene family, which includes the major allergen (MA) protein, a paralog of NSP with a GLS-disarming function, and a single domain major allergen (SDMA) protein, whose function is unknown. The arms-race between a highly variable host-plant defense system and members of the NSP-like gene family is suggested to mediate diversification in both Pierid butterflies and Brassicales plants. Here, we combined feeding experiments using 25 Brassicaceae plants and five Pieris species with larval transcriptome data to investigate the evolutionary forces acting on NSP-like gene family members associated with patterns of host-plant usage. Although we observed significantly elevated nonsynonymous to synonymous substitution ratios in NSPs, no such pattern was observed in MAs or SDMAs. Furthermore, we found a signature of positive selection of NSP at a phylogenetic branch which reflects different host-plant preferences. Our data indicate that NSPs have evolved in response to shifting preferences for host plants among five Pieris butterflies, whereas MAs and SDMAs appear to have more conserved functions. Our results show that the evolution and functional differentiation of key genes used in host-plant adaptation play a crucial role in the chemical arms-race between Pieris butterflies and their Brassicales host-plants.

Alternative functions of CRISPR–Cas systems in the evolutionary arms race

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prarthana Mohanraju ◽  
Chinmoy Saha ◽  
Peter van Baarlen ◽  
Rogier Louwen ◽  
Raymond H. J. Staals ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Insect egg‐killing: a new front on the evolutionary arms‐race between brassicaceous plants and pierid butterflies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eddie Griese ◽  
Lotte Caarls ◽  
Niccolò Bassetti ◽  
Setareh Mohammadin ◽  
Patrick Verbaarschot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Insect Egg ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals The evolutionary arms race between transposable elements and piRNAs in Drosophila melanogaster

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shiqi Luo ◽  
Hong Zhang ◽  
Yuange Duan ◽  
Xinmin Yao ◽  
Andrew G. Clark ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Transposable Elements ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

scholarly journals Fruits, frugivores and the evolutionary arms race

2002 ◽  
Vol 156 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua J. Tewksbury
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race

How to win an evolutionary arms race

2004 ◽  
Vol 2 (6) ◽  
pp. 70-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Somayaji
Keyword(s):  
Arms Race ◽  
Evolutionary Arms Race
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