Medicago truncatula Yellow Stripe‐Like7 encodes a peptide transporter participating in symbiotic nitrogen fixation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Castro‐Rodríguez ◽  
Viviana Escudero ◽  
María Reguera ◽  
Patricia Gil‐Díez ◽  
Julia Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Yellow Stripe

scholarly journals Medicago truncatula Yellow Stripe-Like7 encodes a peptide transporter required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Castro-Rodríguez ◽  
María Reguera ◽  
Viviana Escudero ◽  
Patricia Gil-Díez ◽  
Julia Quintana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Transition Metal ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Metal Homeostasis ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Short Peptides ◽  
Yellow Stripe ◽  
Mutant Lines

ABSTRACTYellow Stripe-Like (YSL) proteins are a family of plant transporters typically involved in transition metal homeostasis. The substrate of three of the four YSL clades (clades I, II, and IV) are metal complexes with non-proteinogenic amino acid nicotianamine or its derivatives. No such transport capabilities have been shown for any member of the remaining clade (clade III), which is able to translocate short peptides across the membranes instead. The connection between clade III YSL members and metal homeostasis might have been masked by the functional redundancy characteristic of this family. This might have been circumvented in legumes through neofunctionalization of YSLs to ensure a steady supply of transition metals for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules. To test this possibility, Medicago truncatula clade III transporter MtYSL7 has been studied both when the plant was fertilized with ammonium nitrate or when nitrogen had to be provided by endosymbiotic rhizobia within the root nodules. MtYSL7 is a plasma membrane protein expressed in the vasculature and in the nodule cortex. This protein is able to transport short peptides into the cytosol, although none with known metal homeostasis roles. Reducing MtYSL7 expression levels resulted in diminished nitrogen fixation rates. In addition, nodules of mutant lines lacking YSL7 accumulated more copper and iron, the later the likely result of increased expression in roots of iron uptake and delivery genes. The available data is indicative of a role of MtYSL7, and likely other clade III YSLs, in transition metal homeostasis.ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYMedicago truncatula YSL7 is a peptide transporter required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legume nodules, likely controlling transition metal allocation to these organs.

scholarly journals Nicotianamine Synthase 2 Is Required for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Medicago truncatula Nodules

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Escudero ◽  
Isidro Abreu ◽  
Eric del Sastre ◽  
Manuel Tejada-Jiménez ◽  
Camille Larue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nicotianamine Synthase

scholarly journals Aphid infestation differently affects the defences of nitrate-fed and nitrogen-fixing Medicago truncatula and alters symbiotic nitrogen fixation

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1934) ◽  
pp. 20201493
Author(s):  
Gaurav Pandharikar ◽  
Jean-Luc Gatti ◽  
Jean-Christophe Simon ◽  
Pierre Frendo ◽  
Marylène Poirié
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Sinorhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Pea Aphid ◽  
Systemic Resistance ◽  
Aphid Infestation ◽  
Plant Nitrogen ◽  
Pathogenesis Related Protein

Legumes can meet their nitrogen requirements through root nodule symbiosis, which could also trigger plant systemic resistance against pests. The pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum , a legume pest, can harbour different facultative symbionts (FS) influencing various traits of their hosts. It is therefore worth determining if and how the symbionts of the plant and the aphid modulate their interaction. We used different pea aphid lines without FS or with a single one ( Hamiltonella defensa , Regiella insecticola, Serratia symbiotica ) to infest Medicago truncatula plants inoculated with Sinorhizobium meliloti (symbiotic nitrogen fixation, SNF) or supplemented with nitrate (non-inoculated, NI). The growth of SNF and NI plants was reduced by aphid infestation, while aphid weight (but not survival) was lowered on SNF compared to NI plants. Aphids strongly affected the plant nitrogen fixation depending on their symbiotic status, suggesting indirect relationships between aphid- and plant-associated microbes. Finally, all aphid lines triggered expression of Pathogenesis-Related Protein 1 ( PR1 ) and Proteinase Inhibitor (PI) , respective markers for salicylic and jasmonic pathways, in SNF plants, compared to only PR1 in NI plants. We demonstrate that the plant symbiotic status influences plant–aphid interactions while that of the aphid can modulate the amplitude of the plant's defence response.

scholarly journals Loss of the nodule-specific cysteine rich peptide, NCR169, abolishes symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the Medicago truncatula dnf7 mutant

2015 ◽  
Vol 112 (49) ◽  
pp. 15232-15237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrix Horváth ◽  
Ágota Domonkos ◽  
Attila Kereszt ◽  
Attila Szűcs ◽  
Edit Ábrahám ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Medicago Truncatula ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Absolute Requirement ◽  
Cell Layers

Host compatible rhizobia induce the formation of legume root nodules, symbiotic organs within which intracellular bacteria are present in plant-derived membrane compartments termed symbiosomes. In Medicago truncatula nodules, the Sinorhizobium microsymbionts undergo an irreversible differentiation process leading to the development of elongated polyploid noncultivable nitrogen fixing bacteroids that convert atmospheric dinitrogen into ammonia. This terminal differentiation is directed by the host plant and involves hundreds of nodule specific cysteine-rich peptides (NCRs). Except for certain in vitro activities of cationic peptides, the functional roles of individual NCR peptides in planta are not known. In this study, we demonstrate that the inability of M. truncatula dnf7 mutants to fix nitrogen is due to inactivation of a single NCR peptide, NCR169. In the absence of NCR169, bacterial differentiation was impaired and was associated with early senescence of the symbiotic cells. Introduction of the NCR169 gene into the dnf7-2/NCR169 deletion mutant restored symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Replacement of any of the cysteine residues in the NCR169 peptide with serine rendered it incapable of complementation, demonstrating an absolute requirement for all cysteines in planta. NCR169 was induced in the cell layers in which bacteroid elongation was most pronounced, and high expression persisted throughout the nitrogen-fixing nodule zone. Our results provide evidence for an essential role of NCR169 in the differentiation and persistence of nitrogen fixing bacteroids in M. truncatula.

scholarly journals Soybean Yellow Stripe-like7 is a symbiosome membrane peptide transporter essential for nitrogen fixation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Gavrin ◽  
PC Loughlin ◽  
EM Brear ◽  
OW Griffith ◽  
F Bedon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Nitrogenase Activity ◽  
Metal Transport ◽  
Peptide Transporter ◽  
Excess Iron ◽  
Symbiosome Membrane ◽  
Transporter Family ◽  
Membrane Peptide ◽  
Mature Nodule ◽  
Yellow Stripe

ABSTRACTLegumes form a symbiosis with rhizobia that convert atmospheric nitrogen (N2) to ammonia which they provide to the plant in return for a carbon and nutrient supply. Nodules, developed as part of the symbiosis, harbor rhizobia which are enclosed in the plant-derived symbiosome membrane (SM), to form a symbiosome. In the mature nodule all exchanges between the symbionts occur across the SM. Here we characterize GmYSL7, a member of Yellow stripe-like family which is localized to the SM in soybean nodules. It is expressed specifically in nodule infected cells with expression peaking soon after nitrogenase becomes active. Although most members of the family transport metal complexed with phytosiderophores, GmYSL7 does not. It transports oligopeptides of between four and 12 amino acids. Silencing of GmYSL7 reduces nitrogenase activity and blocks development when symbiosomes contain a single bacteroid. RNAseq of nodules in which GmYSL7 is silenced suggests that the plant initiates a defense response against the rhizobia. There is some evidence that metal transport in the nodules is dysregulated, with upregulation of genes encoding ferritin and vacuolar iron transporter family and downregulation of a gene encoding nicotianamine synthase. However, it is not clear whether the changes are a result of the reduction of nitrogen fixation and the requirement to store excess iron or an indication of a role of GmYSL7 in regulation of metal transport in the nodules. Further work to identify the physiological substrate for GmYSL7 will allow clarification of this role.One sentence summaryGmYSL7 is a symbiosome membrane peptide transporter that is essential for symbiotic nitrogen fixation that when silenced blocks symbiosome development.

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