scholarly journals Nighttime transpiration represents a negligible part of water loss and does not increase the risk of water stress in grapevine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Dayer ◽  
José Carlos Herrera ◽  
Zhanwu Dai ◽  
Régis Burlett ◽  
Laurent J. Lamarque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Nighttime Transpiration

Physiological and morphological responses to water stress in Aegilops biuncialis and Triticum aestivum genotypes with differing tolerance to drought

2004 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 1149 ◽  
Author(s):  
István Molnár ◽  
László Gáspár ◽  
Éva Sárvári ◽  
Sándor Dulai ◽  
Borbála Hoffmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Drought Tolerance ◽  
Osmotic Stress ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Stomatal Closure ◽  
Co2 Assimilation ◽  
Wheat Genotypes

The physiological and morphological responses to water stress induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) or by withholding water were investigated in Aegilops biuncialis Vis. genotypes differing in the annual rainfall of their habitat (1050, 550 and 225 mm year–1) and in Triticum aestivum L. wheat genotypes differing in drought tolerance. A decrease in the osmotic pressure of the nutrient solution from –0.027 to –1.8 MPa resulted in significant water loss, a low degree of stomatal closure and a decrease in the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) in Aegilops genotypes originating from dry habitats, while in wheat genotypes high osmotic stress increased stomatal closure, resulting in a low level of water loss and high Ci. Nevertheless, under saturating light at normal atmospheric CO2 levels, the rate of CO2 assimilation was higher for the Aegilops accessions, under high osmotic stress, than for the wheat genotypes. Moreover, in the wheat genotypes CO2 assimilation exhibited less or no O2 sensitivity. These physiological responses were manifested in changes in the growth rate and biomass production, since Aegilops (Ae550, Ae225) genotypes retained a higher growth rate (especially in the roots), biomass production and yield formation after drought stress than wheat. These results indicate that Aegilops genotypes, originating from a dry habitat have better drought tolerance than wheat, making them good candidates for improving the drought tolerance of wheat through intergeneric crossing.

Needle conductance and root egress of containerized Scots pine and Norway spruce seedlings after surface and deep planting

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 783-786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karl-Anders Högberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Evaporative Water ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Pine Seedlings

Surface planting and deep planting were compared with respect to water uptake and root development in the early stage of field establishment. The material consisted of containerized Scots pine (Pinussylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Piceaabies (L.) Karst.) seedlings. For both species, surface planted seedlings showed less root egress 5 weeks after planting compared with deep planted. Needle conductance was lower for surface planted than deep planted pine seedlings. For pine seedlings high correlation was found between root egress and needle conductance 5 weeks after planting for surface planting but not for deep planting. It is concluded that surface planting increases the water stress risk during establishment. Evaporative water loss from the root ball and the upper soil layers is discussed as the main cause to this effect.

scholarly journals EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES TO WATER STRESS OF SEVERAL PASTURE AND CROP SPECIES

1977 ◽  
pp. 70-78
Author(s):  
J.P. Kerr ◽  
H.G. Mcpherson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Physiology ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Stomatal Behaviour ◽  
Atmosphere System ◽  
Dry Conditions

The effect of water on pasture and crop yield is determined by many factors in the soil-plant-atmosphere system. Over recent years, Plant Physiology Division has been examining the system to better understand the principles to be applied in effectively managing pasture and crops under dryland and irrigation and to find criteria which could be used in breeding plants better adapted to dry conditions. The evapotranspiration of pastures and crops, the influence of pastures and crops on their water loss through leaf cover and stomatal behaviour, some of the consequences of water stress on leaf growth, as well as soil evaporation and drainage losses, are discussed.

Effects of Desiccation, Water-Stress and Decapitation on Integumentary Water Loss in the Cockroach, Periplaneta Americana

1987 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN NOBLE-NESBITT ◽  
MARWAN AL-SHUKUR
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Periplaneta Americana ◽  
Initial Rate ◽  
College Of Education ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
The Body

Cockroaches decapitated in a fully hydrated state at first lose water under desiccation much more rapidly than their intact counterparts. The rate of loss decreases with time of desiccation; this decrease is more marked in decapitated than in intact cockroaches. The initial rate of water loss is lower and less variable in predesiccated cockroaches and continues to fall gradually during further desiccation. Decapitation of predesiccated cockroaches has little effect on the rate of water loss. Similarly, the rate of water loss is low with low variability in water-stressed cockroaches taken from dry culture conditions, and decapitation has no significant effect. The lowering of the rate of water loss is not a simple response to lowering of the body water content, but is a two-stage, time-related physiological response of acclimatization to water-stress or desiccation. The initial phase of rapid response requires the presence of the head, whereas the subsequent gradual phase does not. With the techniques used in this investigation, handling-related effects of the decapitation procedure are not significant. Note: Present address: Department of Biology, College of Education, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

scholarly journals SELECTION OF EUCALYPTUS CLONES AND ADJUSTMENT OF POTASSIUM DOSES FOR EXTENDED DROUGHT IN BAHIA SAVANNA

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1039 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thalita Fernanda Sampaio ◽  
Tiago Elias Dalcin ◽  
Julio Cesar Bogiani ◽  
Edson Seizo Mori ◽  
Iraê Amaral Guerrini
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Experimental Design ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Climate Conditions ◽  
Trunk Diameter ◽  
Opening And Closing ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The use of clones adapted to regions with water deficit caused by well-defined and prolonged dry periods, as happens in the western part Bahia, is a way to overcome water stress. The adjustment of potassium (K) also influences this aspect, because it regulates the opening and closing of stomata, impeding water loss by plants and making them more efficient in water use. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of eucalyptus clones grown for energy production in response to potassium levels in soil and climate conditions, in the municipality of Luis Eduardo Magalhães, located in western Bahia state. A randomized block with four replications in a split plot was used as experimental design. Six eucalyptus clones (AEC-056, CEA-144, CEA-220, CEA-224, CEA-103 and CEA-1528) and four doses of K2O (0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1) were tested. At two years old, clone 1528 showed greatest productivity, with the tallest height and trunk diameter, while 056 showed the lowest performance. Different K requirements were observed among eucalyptus clones for both growth and productivity.

scholarly journals Nighttime transpiration: does it contribute to water stress in grape?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvina Dayer ◽  
Gregory A. Gambetta
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Nighttime Transpiration

Climate change is driving the search for grapevine cultivars and/or rootstocks that use water more efficiently. Recently, there has been increasing attention on nighttime transpiration. The reasoning is simple. While daytime transpiration results from the necessity to have stomata open so the plant can take up carbon dioxide for photosynthesis, nighttime transpiration could be considered a “waste” of water since no photosynthesis occurs at night. So how significant is nighttime water use in grape, and does it serve some other purpose that benefits the vine?

scholarly journals IMPROVING THE SURVIVAL OF NURSERY PLANTS DURING POSTHARVEST HANDLING.

HortScience ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (6) ◽  
pp. 626g-627
Author(s):  
John M. Englert ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Tony H.H. Chen
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Poor Performance ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Deciduous Trees ◽  
Iris Ensata ◽  
Herbaceous Perennials ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Postharvest Handling ◽  
Bare Root

Desiccation stress during the postharvest handling of bare-root nursery plants is often responsible for poor performance after transplanting. Alternate methods of handling desiccation sensitive deciduous trees, such as Washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum Med.), and herbaceous perennials species, including Iris, Hosta, and Hemerocallis, are needed for improving survival after transplanting. A new antidesiccant compound called Moisturin has been useful in reducing water loss from Washington hawthorn trees during storage and shipping, and in improving survival and plant performance during establishment. Hawthorn seedlings or multi-stemmed trees treated with Moisturin before a period of water stress had up to 75% less dieback than control or other antidesiccant treatments. The use of Moisturin treatment and / or protection with plastic bags of topped bare-rooted herbaceous perennials before five weeks of cold storage (2C) was effective in improving the survival of Iris ensata, Iris sibirica, and Hosta plants. Hemerocallis plants survived equally well with all treatments. The greatest effect on reduction of water loss and improvement of survival was when plants were sealed in plastic bags.

scholarly journals 944 COLD-STORAGE TREATMENTS AFFECT WATER RELATIONS OF BARE-ROOT TREES

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 569a-569
Author(s):  
Rick M. Bates ◽  
Alexander X. Niemiera
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Sensitive Species ◽  
Water Potentials ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Norway Maple ◽  
Root Exposure ◽  
Bare Root

Shoot and root water potentials were determined for bare-root Norway maple (Acer platanoides L.) and washington hawthorn (Crataegus phaenopyrum Med.) seedlings subjected to shoot and root exposure treatments for six cold storage durations. Shoot and root water potentials for all exposure treatments and both species decreased with increased time in storage, and the greatest degree of water stress occurred during the first six weeks of storage. Maple shoot and root water potentials for the exposed shoot treatment were the same as the whole plant covered treatment. In contrast, hawthorn shoot and root water potentials for the exposed shoot treatment were the same as values for the roots exposed treatment. Based on these data, we conclude that desiccation sensitive species such as washington hawthorn require root and shoot protection to minimize water loss.

scholarly journals Effects of Short-term Water Stress, Hydrophilic Polymer Amendment, and Antitranspirant on Stomatal Status, Transpiration, Water Loss, and Growth in `Better Boy' Tomato Plants

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 647f-648
Author(s):  
Sanliang Gu ◽  
Sunghee Guak ◽  
Leslie H. Fuchigami ◽  
Charles H. Shin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Water Stress ◽  
Stomatal Conductance ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Transpiration Rate ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Hydrophilic Polymer ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Transpirational Water Loss

Seedling plugs of `Better Boy' tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) were potted in processed fiber:perlite (60:40% by volume) media amended or nonamended with either crystalline or powdered hydrophilic polymer (2.4 kg·m–3), and treated with one of the several concentrations (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10%) of antitranspirant GLK-8924, at the four true-leaf stage. Plants were either well-irrigated or subjected to short-term water stress, water withholding for 3 days, after antitranspirant GLK-8924 application. Leaf stomatal conductance, transpiration rate, whole plant transpirational water loss, and growth were depressed by short-term water stress and antitranspirant GLK-8924. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment increased plant growth, resulting in higher transpirational water loss. The depression of stomatal conductance and transpiration rate by short-term water stress was reversed completely in 2 days after rewatering while the reduction of plant growth rate diminished immediately. The effects of antitranspirant GLK-8924 were nearly proportional to its concentration and lasted 8 days on stomatal conductance and transpiration rate, 4 days on plant growth rate, and throughout the experimental period on plant height and transpirational water loss. Plant growth was reduced by antitranspirant GLK-8924 possibly by closing leaf stomata. In contrast, hydrophilic polymer amendment resulted in larger plants by factors other than influences attributed to stomatal status. Hydrophilic polymer amendment did not interact with antitranspirant GLK-8924 on all variables measured. The application of antitranspirant GLK-8924 was demonstrated to be useful for regulating plant water status, plant growth and protecting plants from short-term water stress.

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN GRAVIMETRIC WATER LOSS MEASUREMENTS AND PLANT WATER STRESS RESPONSES

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1094G-1095
Author(s):  
N.K Lownds ◽  
M.G. White ◽  
R.D. Berghage
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Water Loss ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Species Being ◽  
Euonymus Japonicus ◽  
Pyracantha Coccinea

Previous work has shown that container grown landscape plants use, and likely need, much less water than is typically applied. Therefore, studies were conducted to quantify the relationships between water loss and water stress responses using several drought tolerant (Cassia corymbosa, Leucophyllum frutescens, Salvia greggii) and traditional landscape plants (Euonymus japonicus, Pyracantha coccinea). Water stress was induced by withholding water and water loss measured gravimetrically. The shape of the water loss curve was similar for all species being, Y = a + bx + cx2 (r2 > 0.95). The rate of ethylene production began to increase 24 hr after irrigation, reaching a maximum 36-48 hr after irrigation and then decreasing. Maximum ethylene production occured at 35-47% water loss irrespective of species or rate of water loss. Stress symptoms (wilting leaf discoloration and abscission) followed a similar pattern. The potential for monitoring gravimetric water loss to schedule container irrigation will be discussed.

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