scholarly journals The 18 O‐signal transfer from water vapour to leaf water and assimilates varies among plant species and growth forms

2019 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 510-523
Author(s):  
Marco M. Lehmann ◽  
Gregory R. Goldsmith ◽  
Cathleen Mirande‐Ney ◽  
Rosemarie B. Weigt ◽  
Leonie Schönbeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Signal Transfer

scholarly journals Physiological Diversity of the Rhizosphere Diazotroph Assemblages of Selected Salt Marsh Grasses

1998 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 4276-4282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher E. Bagwell ◽  
Yvette M. Piceno ◽  
Amy Ashburne-Lucas ◽  
Charles R. Lovell
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Juncus Roemerianus ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Physiological Diversity ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Geochemical Parameters ◽  
Distinct Strain ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Geochemical Variables

ABSTRACT Rhizosphere diazotroph assemblages of salt marsh grasses are thought to be influenced by host plant species and by a number of porewater geochemical parameters. Several geochemical variables can adversely affect plant productivity and spatial distributions, resulting in strong zonation of plant species and growth forms. This geochemically induced stress may also influence the species compositions and distributions of rhizosphere diazotroph assemblages, but little is currently known about these organisms. The diversity and key physiological features of culturable, O2-tolerant rhizosphere diazotrophs associated with the tall and short growth forms of Spartina alterniflora and with Juncus roemerianus were examined. A total of 339 gram-negative strains were isolated by a root stab culture approach and morphologically and physiologically characterized by using API and BIOLOG tests. Eighty-six distinct groups composed of physiologically similar strains were identified. Of these groups, 72% were shown to be capable of N2 fixation through molecular analyses, and a representative strain was chosen from each diazotroph group for further characterization. Cluster and principal-components analysis of BIOLOG data allowed the designation of physiologically distinct strain groupings. Most of these groups were dominated by strains that were not identifiable to species on the basis of API or BIOLOG testing. Representatives of several families including theEnterobacteriaceae, Vibrionaceae,Azotobacteraceae, Spirillaceae,Pseudomonadaceae, and Rhizobiaceae were recovered, as well as strains with no clear taxonomic affiliations. This study identifies numerous potentially important physiological groups of the salt marsh diazotroph assemblage.

scholarly journals Variation and adaptation of leaf water content among species, communities, and biomes

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. 124038
Author(s):  
Ruomeng Wang ◽  
Nianpeng He ◽  
Shenggong Li ◽  
Li Xu ◽  
Mingxu Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Plant Life Forms

Abstract Leaf water content (LWC) is essential for the physiological activities in plants, but its spatial variation and the underlying mechanisms in natural plant communities are unclear. In this study, we measured the LWC of 5641 plant species from 72 natural communities in China, covering most terrestrial ecosystems, to answer these questions. Our results showed that LWC, on average, was 0.690 g g–1, and was significantly higher in forests and deserts than in grasslands. LWC was significantly different among different plant life forms, and ranked on averages in the following order: herbs > shrubs > trees. Interestingly, LWC decreased with increasing humidity and increased in dry environments. Furthermore, the variations of LWC in plant communities were higher in arid areas and those species with lower LWC in a plant community were more sensitive to changing environments. These results demonstrated the adaptations of plants to water regime in their habitats. Although, phylogeny has no significant effect on LWC, plant species both in forests and grasslands evolve toward higher LWC. Variations of LWC from species to community to biome represent the cost-effective strategy of plants, where plant species in drier environment require higher input to keep higher LWC to balance water availability and heat regulation. This systematic investigation fills the gaps on how LWC varies spatially and clarifies the different adaptation mechanisms regulating LWC across scales.

scholarly journals Leaf water δ18O reflects water vapour exchange and uptake by C3 and CAM epiphytic bromeliads in Panama

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Mejia-Chang ◽  
Casandra Reyes-Garcia ◽  
Ulli Seibt ◽  
Jessica Royles ◽  
Moritz T. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Epiphytic Bromeliads

scholarly journals Important Medicinal Plants in Ethiopia: A Review in Years 2015–2020

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abebe Ayele Haile
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Review Paper ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Route Of Administration ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
The People ◽  
Medicinal Value

Many studies on medicinal plants have been taking place in different parts of Ethiopia and the people use them for the preparation of traditional herbal medicine. The purpose of the current study is to review the assessment of the medicinal plants used in Ethiopia, to compile the components used, the method of preparation, the medical uses, and the compilation of the number of medicinal plants in 2015–2020. This review paper took place in the years 2015 to 2020 from the published papers. Various databases, such as Science Direct, PubMed, and Google Scholar, have been searched. The data were analyzed using frequency, percentages, charts, and numbers using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet 2010. In Ethiopia, a total of 4,007 medicinal plants were identified from different areas by different authors in the years 2015–2020. But, from this total number of identified medicinal plants, there was a similarity between types of plant species. Therefore, this total result has present similarities in plant species and types found in different areas. In 2015, a total of 1,062 medicinal plants were identified from different areas by different authors. Similarly, 315, 613, 944, 341, 732 medicinal plants were identified by different authors in different study areas in the years 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020 respectively. The years 2015 and 2018 were the years many plants of medicinal value were documented. The growth forms of medicinal plants were analyzed from 2015 to 2020 in the different study areas with different authors but with the same year and valued for each year and put the average one. To calculate the 2015 growth form of medicinal plants for example to calculate herbs, add all herbs identified by different authors in the same year, and take the average one. This method applied to all growth forms of medicinal plants each year. In all years (2015–2020) the dominant growth forms were herbs. The highest average of growth form was herb in the year 2020 which is 44.2%. In all years the least growth form was a climber. In all growth forms, the parts used for medicine were identified. Add each medicinal plant’s parts in the same year and then take the average for all years. In 2020 year, the traditional healers mostly used leaves (56.3%) for the preparation of remedy. In general, in all year leaves was dominant for the preparation of remedy. Oral and dermal ways of the route of administration were the most important in medicinal plants to treat directly different ailments. The route of administration was varying in percentage from year to year and also, a place to place according to the potential of traditional healers and type of diseases. But, different study areas and years showed that oral administration was the dominant one. In 2019, most of the prepared remedy was taken orally. Crushing was the most important and more cited in the preparation of remedy in the year 2015–2020. Also, powdering, boiling, chewing, concoction, grinding, direct and immediate, chopping, squeezing, decoction, boiling/unprocessed use, liquid form, Homogenizing in water, heating, cooking, smoking, and fumigation are common methods of preparation of remedy. In general, this review highlights the situation of Ethiopian traditional medicinal plants associated with their knowledge from years to years. In addition, this review paper plays an important role in the extraction of potential medicinal plants to discover new drugs through detailed researches in the future.

scholarly journals Aquatic Plant Resources of Betana Wetland, Morang, Nepal

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 146-155
Author(s):  
B. Niroula ◽  
K.L.B Singh
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Wild Food ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Useful Plants ◽  
Plant Resources

A total of 84 aquatic plant species belonging to 71 genera and 41 families were recorded during January 2008 to December 2009 from Betana pond. They were classified into 7 growth forms as helophytes (22), tenagophytes (24), hyperhydates (23), epihydates (2), rosulates (3), vittates (6), and pleustophytes (4). Socio-economically useful plants included: medicinal (28 sp), wild food (19 sp), feed/fodder (28 sp), handicrafts (6 sp), and thatching (5 sp).DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5745

Influence of leaf water potential on diurnal changes in CO2 and water vapour fluxes

2007 ◽  
Vol 124 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Yu ◽  
Shouhua Xu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuhui Lee
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Vapour ◽  
Leaf Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Diurnal Changes ◽  
Water Vapour Fluxes

scholarly journals Diversity and distribution of vascular macrophytes in Ansupa Lake, Odisha, India

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
MUKTIPADA PANDA ◽  
RABINDRO NATH SAMAL ◽  
KRUPA SINDHU BHATTA ◽  
SASMITA LENKA ◽  
HEMANTA KUMAR PATRA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Aquatic Macrophytes ◽  
Trophic Structure ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Diverse Group ◽  
Growth Forms ◽  
Macrophyte Species ◽  
Suitable Habitats ◽  
Richness Index

Panda M, Samal RN, Bhatta KS, Lenka S, Rout J, Patra HK, Nanda S. 2018. Diversity and distribution of vascular macrophytes in Ansupa Lake, Odisha, India. Bonorowo Wetlands 1: 1-12. Macrophytes are indispensable component of any wetlands. They are the base of the trophic structure and variously affect function of aquatic ecosystem. Large invasion of macrophytes enforced for present studies in Ansupa Lake, the largest freshwater lake of the state Odisha (India) to identify the causative plant species. Regular field inspection, quadratic sampling and specimen collections were carried to identify the present macrophytes of the lake and their quantitative aspects like frequency of occurrences, abundance, values of diversity indices, adaptation and growth forms and species distribution etc. A total of 244 macrophyte species were identified that includes 182 semi-aquatic and 62 obligatory aquatic macrophytes. The latter group had 35% submerged, 15% free floating, 31% rooted floating and 19% marshy plant species. The comparison of growth form showed 64% annuals and remaining 36% perennial plants. The diversity indices resulted, Simpson complement index-0.561, Shannon-Weiner index-1.367, Species richness index 3.079 and Species evenness index-0.156. The study showed that the lake provides suitable habitats for existence of a diverse group of macrophytes but still due to large invasion of few species has threatened the lake which needs to be managed properly to restore the health of this natural resource for the benefit of mankind.

scholarly journals Plant water resource partitioning and xylem-leaf deuterium enrichment in a seasonally dry tropical climate

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lien De Wispelaere ◽  
Samuel Bodé ◽  
Pedro Hervé-Fernández ◽  
Andreas Hemp ◽  
Dirk Verschuren ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Species ◽  
Lake Water ◽  
Growth Form ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Leaf Water ◽  
Leaf Phenology ◽  
Water Pool ◽  
Lake Shore ◽  
Deuterium Enrichment

Abstract. Lake Challa (3°19' S, 37°42' E) is a steep-sided crater lake situated in equatorial East Africa, a tropical semi-arid area with bimodal rainfall pattern. Plants in this region are exposed to a prolonged dry season and we investigated if (1) these plants show spatial variability and temporal shifts in their water source use; (2) seasonal differences in the isotopic composition of precipitation are reflected in xylem water; and (3) plant family, growth form, leaf phenology, habitat and season influence the xylem-to-leaf water deuterium enrichment. In this study, the δ2H and δ18O of precipitation, lake water, groundwater, plant xylem water and plant leaf water were measured across different plant species, seasons and plant habitats in the vicinity of Lake Challa. We found that plants rely mostly on water from the "short" rains falling from October to December (northeastern monsoon), as these recharge the soil after the long dry season. This plant-available water pool is only slightly replenished by the "long" rains falling from February to May (southeastern monsoon), in agreement with the "two water world" hypothesis according to which plants rely on a static water pool while a mobile water pool recharges the groundwater. Trees at the lake shore and on the crater rim use more evaporated water than shrubs in the same habitats, suggesting that trees tap water from the topsoil where the nutrient content is highest. Plants at the lake shore rely on a water source admixed with lake water. The enrichment in deuterium from xylem water to leaf water averages 24 ± 28 ‰. According to our results, plant species and their associated leaf phenology are the primary factors influencing this enrichment factor, while growth form and season have negligible effects.

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