scholarly journals Interactive effects of water, light and heat stress on photosynthesis in Fremont cottonwood

2013 ◽  
Vol 36 (8) ◽  
pp. 1423-1434 ◽  
Author(s):  
EMILY S. TOZZI ◽  
HSIEN MING EASLON ◽  
JAMES H. RICHARDS
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Fremont Cottonwood

Physiological and Proteomic Evidence for the Interactive Effects of Post-Anthesis Heat Stress and Elevated CO2 on Wheat

PROTEOMICS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 1800262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaxiang Zhang ◽  
Petra Högy ◽  
Xuna Wu ◽  
Iris Schmid ◽  
Xiulin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Interactive Effects

scholarly journals Interactive effects of microplastic pollution and heat stress on reef-building corals

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Reichert ◽  
Vanessa Tirpitz ◽  
Rajshree Anand ◽  
Katharina Bach ◽  
Jonas Knopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Plastic Pollution ◽  
Porites Lutea ◽  
Stylophora Pistillata ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Industrial Sectors

Plastic pollution is an emerging stressor that increases pressure on ecosystems such as coral reefs that are already challenged by climate change. However, the effect of plastic pollution in combination with global warming is largely unknown. Thus, the goal of this study was to determine the cumulative effect of microplastic pollution with that of global warming on reef-building coral species and to compare the severity of both stressors. For this, we conducted a series of three controlled laboratory experiments and exposed a broad range of coral species (Acropora muricata, Montipora digitata, Porites lutea, Pocillopora verrucosa, and Stylophora pistillata) to microplastic particles in a range of concentrations (2.5-2,500 particles L-1) and mixtures (from different industrial sectors) at ambient temperatures and in combination with heat stress. We show that microplastic can occasionally have a negative effect on the corals' thermal tolerance. In comparison to heat stress, however, microplastic constitutes a minor stressor. While heat stress led to decreased photosynthetic efficiency of algal symbionts, and increased bleaching, tissue necrosis, and mortality, treatment with microplastic particles had only minor effects on the physiology and health of the tested coral species at ambient temperatures. These findings underline that while efforts to reduce plastic pollution should continue, they should not replace more urgent efforts to halt global warming, which are immediately needed to preserve remaining coral reef ecosystems.

Detecting interactive effects of N fertilization and heat stress on maize productivity by remote sensing techniques

2016 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 11-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelhalim Elazab ◽  
Raziel A. Ordóñez ◽  
Roxana Savin ◽  
Gustavo A. Slafer ◽  
José Luis Araus
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Maize Productivity ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques

Thermal and circulatory responses during exercise: effects of hypohydration, dehydration, and water intake

1997 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 2028-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence E. Armstrong ◽  
Carl M. Maresh ◽  
Catherine V. Gabaree ◽  
Jay R. Hoffman ◽  
Stavros A. Kavouras ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Stress Test ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Stress Tests ◽  
Physiological Strain ◽  
Exercise Induced

Armstrong, Lawrence E., Carl M. Maresh, Catherine V. Gabaree, Jay R. Hoffman, Stavros A. Kavouras, Robert W. Kenefick, John W. Castellani, and Lynn E. Ahlquist. Thermal and circulatory responses during exercise: effects of hypohydration, dehydration, and water intake. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(6): 2028–2035, 1997.—This investigation examined the distinct and interactive effects of initial hydration state, exercise-induced dehydration, and water rehydration in a hot environment. On four occasions, 10 men performed a 90-min heat stress test (treadmill walking at 5.6 km/h, 5% grade, 33°C, 56% relative humidity). These heat stress tests differed in pretest hydration [2 euhydrated (EU) and 2 hypohydrated (HY) trials] and water intake during exercise [2 water ad libitum (W) and 2 no water (NW) trials]. HY + NW indicated greater physiological strain than all other trials ( P < 0.05–0.001) in heart rate, plasma osmolality (Posm), sweat sensitivity (g / °C ⋅ min), and rectal temperature. Unexpectedly, final HY + W and EU + W responses for rectal temperature, heart rate, and Posm were similar, despite the initial 3.9 ± 0.2% hypohydration in HY + W. We concluded that differences in pretest Posm (295 ± 7 and 287 ± 5 mosmol/kg for HY + W and EU + W, respectively) resulted in greater water consumption (1.65 and 0.31 liter for HY + W and EU + W, respectively), no voluntary dehydration (0.9% body mass increase), and attenuated thermal and circulatory strain during HY + W.

Age, smoking habits, heat stress, and their interactive effects with carbon monoxide and peroxyacetylnitrate on man's aerobic power

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 222-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. B. Raven ◽  
B. L. Drinkwater ◽  
S. M. Horvath ◽  
R. O. Ruhling ◽  
J. A. Gliner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Smoking Habits

scholarly journals Interactive effects of microplastic pollution and heat stress on reef-building corals

2021 ◽  
Vol 290 ◽  
pp. 118010
Author(s):  
Jessica Reichert ◽  
Vanessa Tirpitz ◽  
Rajshree Anand ◽  
Katharina Bach ◽  
Jonas Knopp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Interactive Effects

scholarly journals Heat Stress Prevented the Biomass and Yield Stimulation Caused by Elevated CO2 in Two Well-Watered Wheat Cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin G. Chavan ◽  
Remko A. Duursma ◽  
Michael Tausz ◽  
Oula Ghannoum
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Trade Off ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
High Tillering

Abstract To investigate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress (HS), we grew two contrasting wheat cultivars, early-maturing Scout and high-tillering Yitpi, under non-limiting water and nutrients at ambient (aCO2, 450 ppm) or elevated (eCO2, 650 ppm) CO2 and 22°C in the glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two 3-day HS cycles at the vegetative (38.1°C) and/or flowering (33.5°C) stage. At aCO2, both wheat cultivars showed similar responses of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to temperature and produced similar grain yield. Relative to aCO2, eCO2 enhanced photosynthesis rate and reduced stomatal conductance and maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax). During HS, high temperature stimulated photosynthesis at eCO2 in both cultivars, while eCO2 stimulated photosynthesis in Scout. Electron transport rate (Jmax) was unaffected by any treatment. eCO2 equally enhanced biomass and grain yield of both cultivars in control, but not HS, plants. HS reduced biomass and yield of Scout at eCO2. Yitpi, the cultivar with higher grain nitrogen, underwent a trade-off between grain yield and nitrogen. In conclusion, eCO2 improved photosynthesis of control and HS wheat, and improved biomass and grain yield of control plants only. Under well-watered conditions, HS was not detrimental to photosynthesis or growth but precluded a yield response to eCO2.

scholarly journals Heat stress prevented the biomass and yield stimulation caused by elevated CO2 in two well-watered wheat cultivars

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sachin Gorakshnath Chavan ◽  
Remko Duursma ◽  
Michael Tausz ◽  
Oula Ghannoum
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Electron Transport Rate ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Grain Nitrogen ◽  
High Tillering

To investigate the interactive effects of elevated CO2 and heat stress (HS), we grew two contrasting wheat cultivars, early-maturing Scout and high-tillering Yitpi, under non-limiting water and nutrients at ambient (aCO2, 450 ppm) or elevated (eCO2, 650 ppm) CO2 and 22°C in the glasshouse. Plants were exposed to two 3-day HS cycles at the vegetative (38.1°C) and/or flowering (33.5°C) stage. At aCO2, both wheat cultivars showed similar responses of photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance to temperature and produced similar grain yield. Relative to aCO2, eCO2 enhanced photosynthesis rate and reduced stomatal conductance and maximal carboxylation rate (Vcmax). During HS, high temperature stimulated photosynthesis at eCO2 in both cultivars, while eCO2 stimulated photosynthesis in Scout. Electron transport rate (Jmax) was unaffected by any treatment. eCO2 equally enhanced biomass and grain yield of both cultivars in control, but not HS, plants. HS reduced biomass and yield of Scout at eCO2. Yitpi, the cultivar with higher grain nitrogen, underwent a trade-off between grain yield and nitrogen. In conclusion, eCO2 improved photosynthesis of control and HS wheat, and improved biomass and grain yield of control plants only. Under well-watered conditions, HS was not detrimental to photosynthesis or growth but precluded a yield response to eCO2.

scholarly journals Interactive effects of maternal cigarette smoke, heat stress, hypoxia, and lipopolysaccharide on neonatal cardiorespiratory and cytokine responses

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. R1113-R1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiona B. McDonald ◽  
Kumaran Chandrasekharan ◽  
Richard J. A. Wilson ◽  
Shabih U. Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Sudden Infant Death ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Sudden Infant ◽  
Cardiorespiratory System ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Patterns

Maternal cigarette smoke (CS) exposure exhibits a strong epidemiological association with Sudden Infant Death Syndrome, but other environmental stressors, including infection, hyperthermia, and hypoxia, have also been postulated as important risk factors. This study examines whether maternal CS exposure causes maladaptations within homeostatic control networks by influencing the response to lipopolysaccharide, heat stress, and/or hypoxia in neonatal rats. Pregnant dams were exposed to CS or parallel sham treatments daily for the length of gestation. Offspring were studied at postnatal days 6–8 at ambient temperatures (Ta) of 33°C or 38°C. Within each group, rats were allocated to control, saline, or LPS (200 µg/kg) treatments. Cardiorespiratory patterns were examined using head-out plethysmography and ECG surface electrodes during normoxia and hypoxia (10% O2). Serum cytokine concentrations were quantified from samples taken at the end of each experiment. Our results suggest maternal CS exposure does not alter minute ventilation (V̇e) or heart rate (HR) response to infection or high temperature, but independently increases apnea frequency. CS also primes the inflammatory system to elicit a stronger cytokine response to bacterial insult. High Ta independently depresses V̇e but augments the hypoxia-induced increase in V̇e. Moreover, higher Ta increases HR during normoxia and hypoxia, and in the presence of an immune challenge, increases HR during normoxia, and reduces the increase normally associated with hypoxia. Thus, while most environmental risk factors increase the burden on the cardiorespiratory system in early life, hyperthermia and infection blunt the normal HR response to hypoxia, and gestational CS independently destabilizes breathing by increasing apneas.

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