scholarly journals Sly‐miR159 regulates fruit morphology by modulating GA biosynthesis in tomato

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panpan Zhao ◽  
Fengpan Wang ◽  
Yinjiao Deng ◽  
Fanjia Zhong ◽  
Peng Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Triadimefon, a fungicidal triazole-type P450 inhibitor, induces brassinosteroid deficiency-like phenotypes in plants and binds to DWF4 protein in the brassinosteroid biosynthesis pathway

2003 ◽  
Vol 369 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tadao ASAMI ◽  
Masaharu MIZUTANI ◽  
Yukihisa SHIMADA ◽  
Hideki GODA ◽  
Nobutaka KITAHATA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Binding Assay ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Biosynthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Target Sites ◽  
Rescue Experiment ◽  
Arabidopsis Cells ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis ◽  
Good Agreement

Triadimefon (Bayleton®), a widely used triazole-type fungicide, affects gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis and 14α-demethylase in sterol biosynthesis. The present study revealed that the phenotype of Arabidopsis treated with triadimefon resembled that of a brassinosteroid (BR)-biosynthesis mutant, and that the phenotype was rescued by brassinolide (BL), the most active BR, partly rescued by GA, and fully rescued by the co-application of BL and GA, suggesting that triadimefon affects both BR and GA biosynthesis. The target sites of triadimefon were investigated using a rescue experiment, feeding triadimefon-treated Arabidopsis BR-biosynthesis intermediates, and a binding assay to expressed DWF4 protein, which is reported to be involved in the BR-biosynthesis pathway. The binding assay indicated that the dissociation constant for triadimefon was in good agreement with the activity in an in planta assay. In the triadimefon-treated Arabidopsis cells, the CPD gene in the BR-biosynthesis pathway was up-regulated, probably due to feedback regulation caused by BR deficiency. These results strongly suggest that triadimefon inhibits the reaction catalysed by DWF4 protein and induces BR deficiency in plants. As triadimefon treatment has proved to be beneficial to plants, this result suggests that BR-biosynthesis inhibitors can be applied to crops.

Daminozide Enhances Vigor and Steviol Glycoside Yield of Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bert.) Propagated in the Temporary Immersion Bioreactor

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rizka Tamania Saptari ◽  
Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti ◽  
Riza Arief Putranto
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Feedback Regulation ◽  
Optimum Concentration ◽  
Temporary Immersion Bioreactor ◽  
Temporary Immersion ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Kaurenoic Acid ◽  
Biosynthesis Gene ◽  
Inhibitor Treatment ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

Abstract Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) contains sweet compound widely used as natural sweetener, steviol glycoside (SG). SG is a diterpenoid secondary metabolite synthesized from ent-kaurenoic acid, the same precursor of Gibberellin (GA). Therefore, in this study, a GA inhibitor, Daminozide (0, 10, 20 ppm) was used to block ent-kaurenoic acid conversion towards GA synthesis in attempt to increase SG content of stevia propagated in Temporary Immersion Bioreactor (TIB). Daminozide in 10 mg/L was observed to be the optimum concentration which increased biomass weight and SG content (stevioside and rebaudioside A) up to 40%. The treatment also increased transcripts accumulation of genes enrolled in SG biosynthesis, such as SrKA13H, SrUGT85C2, and SrUGT76G1, indicating SG pathway become more active due to the inhibition of GA pathway. Furthermore, the inhibition of GA was also indicated by the upregulated expression of GA biosynthesis gene (GA3ox) as the result of feedback regulation, and the downregulated expression of GA catabolism gene (GA2ox2) as the result of feed-forward regulation caused by inhibitor treatment.

scholarly journals Diversity of functional traits of fleshy fruits in a species-rich Atlantic rain forest

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Galetti ◽  
Marco Aurélio Pizo ◽  
Leonor Patrícia Cerdeira Morellato
Keyword(s):  
Rain Forest ◽  
Woody Plants ◽  
Atlantic Rain Forest ◽  
Fruit Traits ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Se Brazil ◽  
Common Strategy ◽  
Tropical Woody Plants ◽  
Plant Families ◽  
Chemical Traits

Production of vertebrate-dispersed fruits is the most common strategy of tropical woody plants to disperse their seeds. Few studies have documented community-wide variation of fruit morphology and chemistry of vertebrate-dispersed fruits in species-rich tropical communities. We examined the functional diversity of fruit morphological and chemical traits of 186 species representing 57 plant families in an undisturbed lowland plant community in the Atlantic rain forest of SE, Brazil. We were particularly interested in associating morphological and chemical fruit traits to their main seed dispersers, either birds, mammals or 'mixed' (i.e. fruits eaten by birds and mammals). The morphological and chemical traits of fruits at the study site generally resemble the patterns observed in fruits worldwide. Bird fruits tend to be smaller than mammal fruits, being colored black or red, whereas mammal fruits are often yellow or green. Mammal fruits are more variable than bird fruits in relation to morphological traits, while the reverse is true for chemical traits. Mixed fruits resemble bird fruits in the patterns of variation of morphological and chemical traits, suggesting that they are primarily bird-dispersed fruits that are also exploited by mammals. Mixed fruits are common in tropical forests, and represent an excellent opportunity to contrast the effectiveness of different functional groups of frugivores dispersing the same plant species.

scholarly journals Do fruit morphology and scarification affect germination and predation rates of Babassu seeds?

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 658-666
Author(s):  
Paulo Henrique Gonçalves Ferreira ◽  
◽  
Yule Roberta Ferreira Nunes ◽  
Maurício Lopes Faria ◽  
Murilo Malveira Brandão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Predation Rates

scholarly journals Induction of Dormancy in Nondormant Seeds

1994 ◽  
Vol 119 (3) ◽  
pp. 408-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwar A. Khan
Keyword(s):  
Abscisic Acid ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Lactuca Sativa ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Apium Graveolens ◽  
Lettuce Seeds ◽  
Moist Chilling ◽  
Dormancy Induction ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

A gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis inhibitor, tetcyclacis, induced dormancy in nondormant seeds of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.), pepper (Capsicum annuum L.), carrot [Daucus carota var. sativus (Hoffn.)], onion (Allium cepa L.), celery (Apium graveolens L.), and impatiens (Impatiens novette), as most of the seeds failed to germinate after washing under conditions that permitted germination before dormancy induction. In lettuce seeds, tetcyclacis and paclobutrazol were more effective in inhibiting germination in light than in darkness. A 16- to 24-h soak treatment with tetcyclacis was sufficient to induce dormancy in nearly all seeds. Tetcyclacis failed to induce dormancy if applied after 6 h presoak in water. Dormancy induced by tetcyclacis was released by GA4+7 (a mixture of gibberellin A4 and A7), light, and moist-chilling treatments. When GA4+7 was applied with tetcyclacis, dormancy induction was prevented under both favorable, e.g., 25C, and unfavorable, e.g., 5C, or low water potential (Ψ), germination conditions. Unlike tetcyclacis, abscisic acid (ABA) failed to induce dormancy in lettuce seeds. Thermodormancy induction in lettuce seeds at 35C was prevented by fluridone. However, neither ABA nor tetcyclacis countered its effect. Dormancy was also induced in lettuce seeds by ancymidol, flurprimidol, or paclobutrazol. Dormancy induced by tetcyclacis in pepper, tomato, carrot, and onion seeds was released by GA4+7, but not by irradiation or moist-chilling. Chemical names used: 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3, 4, 5, 9, 10-pentaazatetracyclo [5.4.102,6.08,11]-dodeca-3, 9-diene (tetcyclacis); 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1, 2, 4-triazole-1-yl)-3-pentanol (paclobutrazol); α-cyclopropyl-α-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-pyrimidine methanol (ancymidol); α-(1-methyl)-α-[4-(trifluoromethoxy) phenyl]-5-pyrimidine-methanol (flurprimidol); 1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-4 (1H)-pyridinone (fluridone).

scholarly journals Selection of tomato lines and populations for fruit shape and resistance to tomato leafminer

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 117-125
Author(s):  
Nathalia CV Resende ◽  
Alex Antonio da Silva ◽  
Wilson Roberto Maluf ◽  
Juliano Tadeu V de Resende ◽  
Andre Ricardo Zeist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Shape ◽  
Tuta Absoluta ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Market Segments ◽  
Tomato Leafminer ◽  
Wild Accessions ◽  
Market Requirement ◽  
Selection Of

ABSTRACT The market requirement regarding fruit type varies from region to region and it is necessary to produce cultivars with different patterns of fruit morphology. Therefore, the aim of this study was to select lines with resistance to tomato leafminer and different fruit shapes in order to meet the different market segments. Seventy-six lines and pre-selected populations were used for pest resistance together with four other susceptible controls (TOM-584, TOM-684, NC-123S, and Santa Clara) and two wild accessions (Solanum pennellii ‘LA 716’ and S. habrochaites var. glabratum ‘PI-127826’) considered resistant. The experiment consisted of tests of resistance to the tomato leafminer Tuta absoluta. The selection of lines was efficient, being obtained 33 lines or populations resistant to the tomato leafminer that comprise the market segments of the types of multilocular fruit, Santa Cruz, Saladette or Italian, as well as intermediate standards of fruits.

Auxin regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis in the roots of pea (Pisum sativum)

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana E. Weston ◽  
James B. Reid ◽  
John J. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Pisum Sativum ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Gibberellin Biosynthesis ◽  
Growth Inhibitory ◽  
Auxin Regulation ◽  
Auxin Transport Inhibitor ◽  
Naphthylphthalamic Acid ◽  
Pea Roots ◽  
High Auxin ◽  
Ga Biosynthesis

Auxin promotes GA biosynthesis in the aboveground parts of plants. However, it has not been demonstrated previously that this interaction occurs in roots. To understand the interactions between auxin and GAs in these organs, we treated wild-type pea (Pisum sativum L.) roots with the inhibitors of auxin action, p-chlorophenoxyisobutyric acid (PCIB) and yokonolide B (YkB), and with the auxin transport inhibitor N-1-naphthylphthalamic acid (NPA). These compounds generally downregulated GA synthesis genes and upregulated GA deactivation genes, and reduced the level of the bioactive GA1. These effects indicate that in pea roots, auxin at normal endogenous levels stimulates GA biosynthesis. We show also that supra-optimal levels of exogenous auxin reduce the endogenous level of bioactive GA in roots, although the effect appears too small to account for the strong growth-inhibitory effect of high auxin levels.

Tomato landraces: an analysis of diversity and preferences

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Almudena Lázaro
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Fruit Morphology ◽  
Type Definition ◽  
Fruit Size And Shape ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Solids Content

AbstractThis study evaluates the agronomic and morphological traits, chemical composition and traits related to consumer perception of local tomato landraces mostly collected in the suburban area of Madrid. Results showed remarkable variability at all the studied levels in this small area – intra- and inter-accession variability, and in morphological, agronomical and quality traits – and was often dependent on the environmental conditions where the crop was grown. However, few morphotypes could be defined. Some morphological traits of the studied samples seemed to be associated. For instance, ribbed fruits ripened with green shoulder and dark flesh accumulated more soluble solids. Consumer appreciation and fruit morphology, i.e. traits related to fruit size and shape, seemed to be the main determinants of tomato-type definition, although nutrient content also played an important role. Consumers positively received heirloom tomatoes, especially when they were cultivated in the open-field near their area of selection where they express their full potential in the nutrient synthesis and sensory properties. Although total soluble solids content seems to be the main trait related to appreciation, some morphological traits could be determinant in consumers’ choice. Furthermore, some consumers were more interested in different tomato typologies and nutritional characters like acidity.

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