scholarly journals Genome‐ and transcriptome‐wide association studies reveal the genetic basis and the breeding history of seed glucosinolate content in Brassica napus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zengdong Tan ◽  
Zhaoqi Xie ◽  
Lihong Dai ◽  
Yuting Zhang ◽  
Zhao Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
History Of ◽  
Breeding History

Integrating unconditional and conditional QTLs to dissect the genetic basis of stem mechanical strength in Brassica napus L

Euphytica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 217 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kunjiang Yu ◽  
Wei Zhang ◽  
Yue Guo ◽  
Ming Zheng ◽  
Feng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Mechanical Strength ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Brassica Napus L

scholarly journals Molecular evolutionary analysis of human primary microcephaly genes

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nashaiman Pervaiz ◽  
Hongen Kang ◽  
Yiming Bao ◽  
Amir Ali Abbasi
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Primate Species ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Australopithecus Afarensis ◽  
Primary Microcephaly ◽  
Modern Humans ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Brain

Abstract Background There has been a rapid increase in the brain size relative to body size during mammalian evolutionary history. In particular, the enlarged and globular brain is the most distinctive anatomical feature of modern humans that set us apart from other extinct and extant primate species. Genetic basis of large brain size in modern humans has largely remained enigmatic. Genes associated with the pathological reduction of brain size (primary microcephaly-MCPH) have the characteristics and functions to be considered ideal candidates to unravel the genetic basis of evolutionary enlargement of human brain size. For instance, the brain size of microcephaly patients is similar to the brain size of Pan troglodyte and the very early hominids like the Sahelanthropus tchadensis and Australopithecus afarensis. Results The present study investigates the molecular evolutionary history of subset of autosomal recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) genes; CEP135, ZNF335, PHC1, SASS6, CDK6, MFSD2A, CIT, and KIF14 across 48 mammalian species. Codon based substitutions site analysis indicated that ZNF335, SASS6, CIT, and KIF14 have experienced positive selection in eutherian evolutionary history. Estimation of divergent selection pressure revealed that almost all of the MCPH genes analyzed in the present study have maintained their functions throughout the history of placental mammals. Contrary to our expectations, human-specific adoptive evolution was not detected for any of the MCPH genes analyzed in the present study. Conclusion Based on these data it can be inferred that protein-coding sequence of MCPH genes might not be the sole determinant of increase in relative brain size during primate evolutionary history.

scholarly journals The Genetic Basis of Hypertriglyceridemia

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Germán D. Carrasquilla ◽  
Malene Revsbech Christiansen ◽  
Tuomas O. Kilpeläinen
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Cumulative Effect ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Genetic Loci ◽  
Risk Variants ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Severe Hypertriglyceridemia ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Polygenic Scores

Abstract Purpose of Review Hypertriglyceridemia is a common dyslipidemia associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis. Severe hypertriglyceridemia may sometimes be a monogenic condition. However, in the vast majority of patients, hypertriglyceridemia is due to the cumulative effect of multiple genetic risk variants along with lifestyle factors, medications, and disease conditions that elevate triglyceride levels. In this review, we will summarize recent progress in the understanding of the genetic basis of hypertriglyceridemia. Recent Findings More than 300 genetic loci have been identified for association with triglyceride levels in large genome-wide association studies. Studies combining the loci into polygenic scores have demonstrated that some hypertriglyceridemia phenotypes previously attributed to monogenic inheritance have a polygenic basis. The new genetic discoveries have opened avenues for the development of more effective triglyceride-lowering treatments and raised interest towards genetic screening and tailored treatments against hypertriglyceridemia. Summary The discovery of multiple genetic loci associated with elevated triglyceride levels has led to improved understanding of the genetic basis of hypertriglyceridemia and opened new translational opportunities.

scholarly journals A review on the genetic resources, domestication and breeding history of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

Euphytica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 216 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arnau Ribera ◽  
Yuling Bai ◽  
Anne-Marie A. Wolters ◽  
Rob van Treuren ◽  
Chris Kik
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Resources ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea ◽  
Spinacia Oleracea L ◽  
History Of ◽  
Breeding History

Genetic diversity and breeding history of Winter Mushroom (Flammulina velutipes) in China uncovered by genomic SSR markers

Gene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 591 (1) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Bin Liu ◽  
Bang Feng ◽  
Jing Li ◽  
Chen Yan ◽  
Zhu L. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Genomic Ssr ◽  
History Of ◽  
Breeding History

Early origin of sweet perception in the songbird radiation

Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 373 (6551) ◽  
pp. 226-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuka Toda ◽  
Meng-Ching Ko ◽  
Qiaoyi Liang ◽  
Eliot T. Miller ◽  
Alejandro Rico-Guevara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary History ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Sensory Biology ◽  
Avian Evolution ◽  
Nectar Feeding ◽  
Evolutionary Radiation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sensory Convergence ◽  
Early Origin

Early events in the evolutionary history of a clade can shape the sensory systems of descendant lineages. Although the avian ancestor may not have had a sweet receptor, the widespread incidence of nectar-feeding birds suggests multiple acquisitions of sugar detection. In this study, we identify a single early sensory shift of the umami receptor (the T1R1-T1R3 heterodimer) that conferred sweet-sensing abilities in songbirds, a large evolutionary radiation containing nearly half of all living birds. We demonstrate sugar responses across species with diverse diets, uncover critical sites underlying carbohydrate detection, and identify the molecular basis of sensory convergence between songbirds and nectar-specialist hummingbirds. This early shift shaped the sensory biology of an entire radiation, emphasizing the role of contingency and providing an example of the genetic basis of convergence in avian evolution.

NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEAL FOR SWINE

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Glucosinolate Content ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Ad Libitum

Five swine experiments were conducted to evaluate rapeseed meal (RSM) of low glucosinolate content (Brassica napus L. cv. Bronowski). Two experiments involved 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% substitution of either Bronowski meal or regular (B. campestris) meal for soybean meal or fishmeal used in the control diet. One experiment compared ad libitum-fed and partially restricted pigs. Another experiment involved digestibility studies, and the final one involved methionine and lysine supplementation. As the dietary levels of either Bronowski or regular RSM increased in the ration, protein digestion coefficients decreased from 79 and 80% to 76 and 78%, respectively, and energy coefficients decreased from 82% to 79 and 78%, respectively. The protein and energy digestibility coefficients for Bronowski RSM were estimated to be 68 and 59%; for regular RSM, 65 and 54%. With barley–wheat–RSM diets, pigs responded to 0.1% methionine, but not to lysine (P > 0.05). Pigs fed ad libitum consumed more Bronowski than regular RSM diet and performed as well as pigs fed soybean meal diets.

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