Multi‐omics assisted identification of the key and species‐specific regulatory components of drought‐tolerant mechanisms in Gossypium stocksii

Some Mechanisms Modulating the Root Growth of Various Wheat Species under Osmotic-Stress Conditions

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9111545 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (11) ◽

pp. 1545

Author(s):

Nina V. Terletskaya ◽

Tamara E. Lee ◽

Nazira A. Altayeva ◽

Nataliya O. Kudrina ◽

Irina V. Blavachinskaya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Water Deficit ◽

Apical Meristem ◽

Primary Root ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Root Diameter ◽

Wheat Species ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Primary Roots ◽

Species Specific

The role of the root in water supply and plant viability is especially important if plants are subjected to stress at the juvenile stage. This article describes the study of morphophysiological and cytological responses, as well as elements of the anatomical structure of primary roots of three wheat species, Triticum monococcum L., Triticum dicoccum Shuebl., and Triticum aestivum L., to osmotic stress. It was shown that the degree of plasticity of root morphology in water deficit affected the growth and development of aboveground organs. It was found that in conditions of osmotic stress, the anatomical root modulations were species-specific. In control conditions the increase in absolute values of root diameter was reduced with the increase in the ploidy of wheat species. Species-specific cytological responses to water deficit of apical meristem cells were also shown. The development of plasmolysis, interpreted as a symptom of reduced viability apical meristem cells, was revealed. A significant increase in enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase under osmotic stress was found to be one of the mechanisms that could facilitate root elongation in adverse conditions. The tetraploid species T. dicoccum Shuebl. were confirmed as a source of traits of drought tolerant primary root system for crosses with wheat cultivars.

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Use of microsatellite markers for the assessment of bambara groundnut breeding system and varietal purity before genome sequencing

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2016-0029 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (6) ◽

pp. 427-431 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Wai Kuan Ho ◽

Alice Muchugi ◽

Samuel Muthemba ◽

Robert Kariba ◽

Busiso Olga Mavenkeni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microsatellite Markers ◽

Genome Sequencing ◽

Research Output ◽

Bambara Groundnut ◽

Agricultural System ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Single Plant Selection ◽

Low Levels ◽

Species Specific ◽

Varietal Purity

Maximizing the research output from a limited investment is often the major challenge for minor and underutilized crops. However, such crops may be tolerant to biotic and abiotic stresses and are adapted to local, marginal, and low-input environments. Their development through breeding will provide an important resource for future agricultural system resilience and diversification in the context of changing climates and the need to achieve food security. The African Orphan Crops Consortium recognizes the values of genomic resources in facilitating the improvement of such crops. Prior to beginning genome sequencing there is a need for an assessment of line varietal purity and to estimate any residual heterozygosity. Here we present an example from bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea (L.) Verdc.), an underutilized drought tolerant African legume. Two released varieties from Zimbabwe, identified as potential genotypes for whole genome sequencing (WGS), were genotyped with 20 species-specific SSR markers. The results indicate that the cultivars are actually a mix of related inbred genotypes, and the analysis allowed a strategy of single plant selection to be used to generate non-heterogeneous DNA for WGS. The markers also confirmed very low levels of heterozygosity within individual plants. The application of a pre-screen using co-dominant microsatellite markers is expected to substantially improve the genome assembly, compared to a cultivar bulking approach that could have been adopted.

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SCAR Marker for Identification and Discrimination of Commiphora wightii and C. myrrha

Molecular Biology International ◽

10.1155/2016/1482796 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Pramod Kumar Sairkar ◽

Anjana Sharma ◽

N. P. Shukla

Keyword(s):

Rapid Identification ◽

Scar Markers ◽

Specific Sequence ◽

Closely Related Species ◽

Commiphora Wightii ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Commercially Important ◽

Sequence Characterized Amplified Regions ◽

Species Specific ◽

Study Species

Commercially important Commiphora species are drought-tolerant plants and they are leafless for most of the year. Therefore, it is necessary to develop some molecular marker for the identification. Intended for that, in the present study, species-specific, sequence-characterized amplified regions (SCAR) markers were developed for proficient and precise identification of closely related species Commiphora wightii and C. myrrha, which may ensure the quality, safety, and efficacy of medicines made from these plants through adulterous mixing of these plants. Two species-specific RAPD amplicons were selected, gel-purified, cloned, and sequenced after screening of 20 RAPD primers. The sequence of 979 and 590 nucleotides (Genebank accession numbers K90051 and K90052) was used for development of 4 SCAR markers, namely, Sc1P, Sc1Pm, Sc2P, and Sc2Pm. Out of them, the Sc1Pm was specific for C. wightii, while Sc2P discriminated both the Commiphora species. These markers are first reported and will be useful for rapid identification of closely related Commiphora wightii and C. myrrha species.

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Electron Microscopy in the Study of Natural Phytoplankton Assemblages

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100119831 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 43 ◽

pp. 620-623

Author(s):

Linda Sicko-Goad

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Aquatic Environment ◽

Size Range ◽

Physical Parameters ◽

Specific Information ◽

Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽

Phytoplankton Productivity ◽

Ecosystem Effects ◽

Time Of Year ◽

Species Specific

Although the use of electron microscopy and its varied methodologies is not usually associated with ecological studies, the types of species specific information that can be generated by these techniques are often quite useful in predicting long-term ecosystem effects. The utility of these techniques is especially apparent when one considers both the size range of particles found in the aquatic environment and the complexity of the phytoplankton assemblages.The size range and character of organisms found in the aquatic environment are dependent upon a variety of physical parameters that include sampling depth, location, and time of year. In the winter months, all the Laurentian Great Lakes are uniformly mixed and homothermous in the range of 1.1 to 1.7°C. During this time phytoplankton productivity is quite low.

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