scholarly journals Three AP2/ERF family members modulate flavonoid synthesis by regulating type IV chalcone isomerase in citrus

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chenning Zhao ◽  
Xiaojuan Liu ◽  
Qin Gong ◽  
Jinping Cao ◽  
Wanxia Shen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Chalcone Isomerase ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Flavonoid Synthesis ◽  
Erf Family

Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Type IV: Possible Founder Effect in Syntaxin 11 Gene Common Mutation Endemic to Turkish Population

Blood ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 1259-1259
Author(s):  
Gunay Balta ◽  
Umran Caliskan ◽  
Elif Guler ◽  
Turkan Patiroglu ◽  
Ahmet F. Oner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Founder Effect ◽  
Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Turkish Population ◽  
Mutation Spectrum ◽  
Common Mutation ◽  
Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Syntaxin 11

Abstract Familial Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare, autosomal recessive, if untreated, fatal disorder of early childhood characterized mainly by persistent fever, hepatocyplenomegaly, cytopenia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperferritinemia, defective natural killer cell activity and hemophagocytosis in bone marrow, lymph nodes, liver and spleen. Familial HLH is a genetically heterogeneous disease; at least four sub-types (I–IV) associated with three genes and one chromosomal locus (9q21.3-q22) have been reported in the disease to date. A number of mutations in both Perforin and Munc13– 4 genes have been described in different populations whereas only 3 different types of mutations in Syntaxin 11 gene have, thus far, been described in a few families solely from Turkish population. Therefore, elucidation of the mutation spectrum of the Syntaxin 11 gene mostly depends on the identification of its genetic defects in this population. In this communication, we present our findings on Syntaxin 11 gene which is responsible for the familial HLH type IV. A total of 84 potentially primary HLH patients selected on the basis of consanguinity and/or family history and/or relapse were included in the study. Patients and family members were studied by linkage analysis for all 4 described gene loci and homozygosity for Syntaxin 11 gene was observed in 20 patients from consanguineous families. Sequencing of these patients for the complete coding and flanking sequences of Syntaxin 11 gene revealed molecular defects in only 5 patients (2M/3F) with the ages ranging from 2 months to 3 years. Contrary to the heterogeneity in the mutation spectrum of hereditary disorders generally observed in Turkish population, a single type of homozygous mutation (c369–370delAG, c374–376delCGC) was identified in these 5 unrelated patients who had a family history of at least one deceased sibling except one. Screening of the family members revealed that the obligate carriers and some of the siblings were heterozygous for the mutation. This 2 plus 3 nucleotide deletion in exon 2 leads to frameshift and premature termination of translation 59 altered aminoacids downstream (Val124fsX60). Haplotype analysis indicated that these patients who were coming from different parts of Turkey may have a common ancestor (founder effect). Besides confirmation of the “Turkish population endemic” profile of the Syntaxin 11 gene mutations, the findings provided here elucidate the single/common mutation characteristic of the gene which is extremely important in the molecular diagnosis of the disease. This study was supported by TUBITAK (Project No: 105S386; SBAG-3193).

Characterization and expression analysis of a chalcone isomerase-like gene in relation to petal color of Actinidia chrysantha

Biologia ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 72 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miaoxian Yang ◽  
Jiating Li ◽  
Chanjuan Ye ◽  
Hong Liang
Keyword(s):  
Expression Analysis ◽  
Chalcone Isomerase ◽  
Type Iv

AbstractChalcone isomerase-like (CHIL) belongs to the type IV CHI proteins whose roles in cell remain largely unclear. In the present study, we characterized an

scholarly journals Identification and evolutionary analysis of chalcone isomerase-fold proteins in ferns

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 290-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Ni ◽  
Ting-Ting Zhu ◽  
Xiao-Shuang Zhang ◽  
Piao-Yi Wang ◽  
Chun-Jing Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chalcone Isomerase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Evolutionary Analysis ◽  
Flavonoid Synthesis

The emergence of type I CHIs may have occurred at the time of the divergence of the pteridophytes, with CHIL interacting with both CHS and CHI to promote flavonoid synthesis.

scholarly journals Noncatalytic chalcone isomerase-fold proteins in Humulus lupulus are auxiliary components in prenylated flavonoid biosynthesis

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (22) ◽  
pp. E5223-E5232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaonan Ban ◽  
Hao Qin ◽  
Andrew J. Mitchell ◽  
Baoxiu Liu ◽  
Fengxia Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glandular Trichomes ◽  
Humulus Lupulus ◽  
Flavonoid Biosynthesis ◽  
Chalcone Isomerase ◽  
Evolutionary Development ◽  
Efficient Production ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Engineered Yeast

Xanthohumol (XN) and demethylxanthohumol (DMX) are specialized prenylated chalconoids with multiple pharmaceutical applications that accumulate to high levels in the glandular trichomes of hops (Humulus lupulus L.). Although all structural enzymes in the XN pathway have been functionally identified, biochemical mechanisms underlying highly efficient production of XN have not been fully resolved. In this study, we characterized two noncatalytic chalcone isomerase (CHI)-like proteins (designated as HlCHIL1 and HlCHIL2) using engineered yeast harboring all genes required for DMX production. HlCHIL2 increased DMX production by 2.3-fold, whereas HlCHIL1 significantly decreased DMX production by 30%. We show that CHIL2 is part of an active DMX biosynthetic metabolon in hop glandular trichomes that encompasses a chalcone synthase (CHS) and a membrane-bound prenyltransferase, and that type IV CHI-fold proteins of representative land plants contain conserved function to bind with CHS and enhance its activity. Binding assays and structural docking uncover a function of HlCHIL1 to bind DMX and naringenin chalcone to stabilize the ring-open configuration of these chalconoids. This study reveals the role of two HlCHILs in DMX biosynthesis in hops, and provides insight into their evolutionary development from the ancestral fatty acid-binding CHI-fold proteins to specialized auxiliary proteins supporting flavonoid biosynthesis in plants.

scholarly journals Basis for the Essentiality of H-NS Family Members in Pseudomonas aeruginosa

2012 ◽  
Vol 194 (18) ◽  
pp. 5101-5109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Castang ◽  
Simon L. Dove
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Type Iv Pili ◽  
Replicative Form ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
And Function

ABSTRACTMembers of the histone-like nucleoid-structuring (H-NS) family of proteins have been shown to play important roles in silencing gene expression and in nucleoid compaction. InPseudomonas aeruginosa, the two H-NS family members MvaT and MvaU are thought to bind the same AT-rich regions of the chromosome and function coordinately to control a common set of genes. Here we present evidence that the loss of both MvaT and MvaU cannot be tolerated because it results in the production of Pf4 phage that superinfect and kill cells or inhibit their growth. Using a ClpXP-based protein depletion system in combination with transposon mutagenesis, we identify mutants ofP. aeruginosathat can tolerate the depletion of MvaT in an ΔmvaUmutant background. Many of these mutants contain insertions in genes encoding components, assembly factors, or regulators of type IV pili or contain insertions in genes of the prophage Pf4. We demonstrate that cells that no longer produce type IV pili or that no longer produce the replicative form of the Pf4 genome can tolerate the loss of both MvaT and MvaU. Furthermore, we show that the loss of both MvaT and MvaU results in an increase in expression of Pf4 genes and that cells that cannot produce type IV pili are resistant to infection by Pf4 phage. Our findings suggest that type IV pili are the receptors for Pf4 phage and that the essential activities of MvaT and MvaU are to repress the expression of Pf4 genes.

The LDE-Type Flare Occurrence (1969-1993)

1994 ◽  
Vol 144 ◽  
pp. 279-282
Author(s):  
A. Antalová
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Fourier Analysis ◽  
Sunspot Cycle ◽  
List Type ◽  
Type Number ◽  
Solar Cycles ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Cycle Maximum ◽  
Flare Index

AbstractThe occurrence of LDE-type flares in the last three cycles has been investigated. The Fourier analysis spectrum was calculated for the time series of the LDE-type flare occurrence during the 20-th, the 21-st and the rising part of the 22-nd cycle. LDE-type flares (Long Duration Events in SXR) are associated with the interplanetary protons (SEP and STIP as well), energized coronal archs and radio type IV emission. Generally, in all the cycles considered, LDE-type flares mainly originated during a 6-year interval of the respective cycle (2 years before and 4 years after the sunspot cycle maximum). The following significant periodicities were found:• in the 20-th cycle: 1.4, 2.1, 2.9, 4.0, 10.7 and 54.2 of month,• in the 21-st cycle: 1.2, 1.6, 2.8, 4.9, 7.8 and 44.5 of month,• in the 22-nd cycle, till March 1992: 1.4, 1.8, 2.4, 7.2, 8.7, 11.8 and 29.1 of month,• in all interval (1969-1992):a)the longer periodicities: 232.1, 121.1 (the dominant at 10.1 of year), 80.7, 61.9 and 25.6 of month,b)the shorter periodicities: 4.7, 5.0, 6.8, 7.9, 9.1, 15.8 and 20.4 of month.Fourier analysis of the LDE-type flare index (FI) yields significant peaks at 2.3 - 2.9 months and 4.2 - 4.9 months. These short periodicities correspond remarkably in the all three last solar cycles. The larger periodicities are different in respective cycles.

Labelling of non-A, non-B hepatitis infected chimpanzee hepatocytes with nuclease-gold conjugates

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 250-251
Author(s):  
G. D. Gagne ◽  
M. F. Miller ◽  
D. A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Experimental Infection ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
Type I ◽  
Cellular Injury ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Tubular Structures ◽  
Type Iii ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Infected Chimpanzee

Experimental infection of chimpanzees with non-A, non-B hepatitis (NANB) or with delta agent hepatitis results in the appearance of characteristic cytoplasmic alterations in the hepatocytes. These alterations include spongelike inclusions (Type I), attached convoluted membranes (Type II), tubular structures (Type III), and microtubular aggregates (Type IV) (Fig. 1). Type I, II and III structures are, by association, believed to be derived from endoplasmic reticulum and may be morphogenetically related. Type IV structures are generally observed free in the cytoplasm but sometimes in the vicinity of type III structures. It is not known whether these structures are somehow involved in the replication and/or assembly of the putative NANB virus or whether they are simply nonspecific responses to cellular injury. When treated with uranyl acetate, type I, II and III structures stain intensely as if they might contain nucleic acids. If these structures do correspond to intermediates in the replication of a virus, one might expect them to contain DNA or RNA and the present study was undertaken to explore this possibility.

Effects of EDTA, Hyaluronidase and Collagenase on Epiphyseal Cartilage Matrix

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 56-57
Author(s):  
H. Clarke Anderson ◽  
Priscilla R. Coulter
Keyword(s):  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Matrix Vesicles ◽  
Cartilage Matrix ◽  
Collagen Fibrils ◽  
Epiphyseal Cartilage ◽  
Dense Matrix ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Bovine Testicular Hyaluronidase ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Testicular Hyaluronidase

Epiphyseal cartilage matrix contains fibrils and particles of at least 5 different types: 1. Banded collagen fibrils, present throughout the matrix, but not seen in the lacunae. 2. Non-periodic fine fibrils <100Å in diameter (Fig. 1), which are most notable in the lacunae, and may represent immature collagen. 3. Electron dense matrix granules (Fig. 1) which are often attached to fine fibrils and collagen fibrils, and probably contain protein-polysaccharide although the possibility of a mineral content has not been excluded. 4. Matrix vesicles (Fig. 2) which show a selective distribution throughout the epiphysis, and may play a role in calcification. 5. Needle-like apatite crystals (Fig. 2).Blocks of formalin-fixed epiphysis from weanling mice were digested with the following agents in 0.1M phosphate buffer: a) 5% ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) at pH 8.3, b) 0.015% bovine testicular hyaluronidase (Sigma, type IV, 750 units/mg) at pH 5.5, and c) 0.1% collagenase (Worthington, chromatograhically pure, 200 units/mg) at pH 7.4. All digestions were carried out at 37°C overnight. Following digestion tissues were examined by light and electron microscopy to determine changes in the various fibrils and particles of the matrix.

Fine Structure of Type IV Glycogenosis

1981 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 464-465
Author(s):  
P.K. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Needle Biopsy ◽  
Tissue Concentration ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Rare Type ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Proper Diagnosis ◽  
Type Iv Glycogenosis ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Enzymatic Defect

Glycogenosis is defined as any condition in which the tissue concentration of glycogen is increased. There are currently ten recognized variants of glycogenosis that are heritable inborn errors of metabolism. The specific enzymatic defect in each of the variants is known or at least suspected. In all cases, the enzymatic defect prevents the proper metabolism or formation of the glycogen molecule. The clinical and histologic differences between the types of glycogenosis is important to a proper diagnosis after the presence of such a condition is realized. This study was initiated to examine the ultrastructure of the rare Type IV Glycogenosis (Amylopectinosis) of which there is very little morphologic characterization in the literature.Liver tissue was obtained by needle biopsy from a 12-month-old Oriental female who was originally admitted to the hospital after observation of poor development, loss of appetite, and hepatomegaly. The majority of the tissue was fixed for light microscopy in neutral buffered formalin and processed using routine and special staining procedures (reticulin, trichrome, iron, copper, PAS, PAS-diastase and PAS-pectinase.

Biodegradable polyester neuroprostheses promote the reconnection of separated peripheral nerve stubs

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1094-1095
Author(s):  
Beverly L. Giammara ◽  
Jennifer S. Stevenson ◽  
Peggy E. Yates ◽  
Robert H. Gunderson ◽  
Jacob S. Hanker
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Periodic Acid ◽  
Light And Electron Microscopy ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
Type Iii Collagen ◽  
Image Analysis System ◽  
Biodegradable Polyester ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Type Iv

An 11mm length of sciatic nerve was removed from 10 anesthetized adult rats and replaced by a biodegradable polyester Vicryl™ mesh sleeve which was then injected with the basement membrane gel, Matrigel™. It was noted that leg sensation and movement were much improved after 30 to 45 days and upon sacrifice nerve reconnection was noted in all animals. Epoxy sections of the repaired nerves were compared with those of the excised segments by the use of a variation of the PAS reaction, the PATS reaction, developed in our laboratories for light and electron microscopy. This microwave-accelerated technique employs periodic acid, thiocarbohydrazide and silver methenamine. It stains basement membrane or Type IV collagen brown and type III collagen (reticulin), axons, Schwann cells, endoneurium and perineurium black. Epoxy sections of repaired and excised nerves were also compared by toluidine blue (tb) staining. Comparison of the sections of control and repaired nerves was done by computer-assisted microscopic image analysis using an Olympus CUE-2 Image Analysis System.

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