scholarly journals Saturated genic SNP mapping identified functional candidates and selection tools for the Pinus monticola Cr2 locus controlling resistance to white pine blister rust

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 1149-1162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Richard A. Sniezko ◽  
Arezoo Zamany ◽  
Holly Williams ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Snp Mapping ◽  
Selection Tools

scholarly journals White Pine Blister Rust in British Columbia III. Effects on the Gene Pool of Western White Pine

1985 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 484-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt ◽  
J. F. Manville ◽  
E. von Rudloff ◽  
M. S. Lapp
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Northwest ◽  
Gene Pool ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
The Pacific ◽  
Western White Pine

Cluster analyses of relative terpene abundance in foliage of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) trees from throughout the Pacific Northwest geographic range of the species were produced. Terpene patterns were randomly distributed among populations; no geographic or site trends were evident. Although blister rust is devastating to stands, the gene pool is widely distributed and may well be preserved without establishing gene banks.About 40-50 trees selected at random would yield offspring with nearly all possible terpene patterns characteristic of the species and would thus constitute a broad genetic base. Therefore seed orchards do not necessarily need to be composed of many individuals, rather, they should contain highly selected individuals with multiple desirable traits including multiple blister rust resistance mechanisms. Key words: terpenes, dendrogram

Endophyte-mediated resistance against white pine blister rust in Pinus monticola

2008 ◽  
Vol 255 (7) ◽  
pp. 2751-2760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca J. Ganley ◽  
Richard A. Sniezko ◽  
George Newcombe
Keyword(s):  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust

A protein associated with frost hardiness of western white pine is up-regulated by infection in the white pine blister rust pathosystem

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 412-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abul KM Ekramoddoullah ◽  
Joanne J Davidson ◽  
Doug W Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
High Level ◽  
Stem Cankers

A 19-kDa protein, Pin m III, was recently shown to be associated with overwintering and frost hardiness of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) seedlings. Here, we report that this protein is up-regulated by the fungus Cronartium ribicola Fisch, the causal agent of white pine blister rust in western white pine trees. Between 1991 and 1994, bark samples of mature western white pine trees (resistant with no stem cankers and susceptible with stem cankers) were collected in winter, spring, and fall. Proteins were extracted and analyzed by Western immunoblot utilizing specific rabbit polyclonal anti-Pin l I (a homologue of Pin m III) antibodies. During all collection dates, but particularly in the spring, susceptible trees had more Pin m III than resistant trees. In July 1995, 43 previously inoculated 7-year-old white pine seedlings were also analyzed. In all susceptible seedlings (cankered) tested, cankered tissue had high levels of Pin m III, and samples collected from the outside edge of the canker margin had low levels of Pin m III; this protein was also detected in some healthy bark of cankered trees. Since the level of Pin m III in healthy white pine trees is normally lowest in summer months, the high level Pin m III in summer samples of infected tissues is a consequence of the fungal infection.

scholarly journals Association analysis and in-vitro anti-fungal assay reveal a role for the Pinus monticola PR10 gene (PmPR10-3.1) in quantitative resistance to white pine blister rust

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun-Jun Liu ◽  
Humberto Fernandes ◽  
Arezoo Zamany ◽  
Michal Sikorski ◽  
Mariusz Jaskolski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Pathogens ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Quantitative Resistance ◽  
Hyphal Growth ◽  
Pr Proteins ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust

Abstract Background Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins play important roles in plant defense response. However, functional investigation of PR10 genes is still limited and their physiological roles have not been conclusively characterized in biological processes of forest conifer trees. Results To elucidate the biological roles of PR proteins of class 10 (PR10) in tree resistance to pathogens, in the present study we identified multiple novel members in the complex PmPR10 family of western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that PmPR10 genes were grouped into clusters and sub-clusters, showing a relatively high synteny between the same cluster/sub-cluster across different species of five-needle pines. RNA-seq-based global gene expression study demonstrated the PmPR10 genes were differentially expressed in response to infection by Cronartium ribicola, an exotic fungus causing white pine blister rust (WPBR) across North America. Among all family members, PmPR10-3.1 transcripts were significantly up-regulate at both early and late stages post rust infection. This gene was further revealed to have significant contribution to host quantitative resistance to WPBR by an association study. Moreover, PmPR10-3.1 recombinant protein exhibited inhibitory effects on spore hyphal growth of fungal pathogens C. ribicola, Phoma exigua and P. argillacea by in-vitro antifungal analysis. Conclusion Our results suggest that PmPR10-3.1 may function as an important component in conifer basal immunity for non-specific resistance to a wide spectrum of pathogens.

scholarly journals Origin and Distribution of Cr2, a Gene for Resistance to White Pine Blister Rust in Natural Populations of Western White Pine

2003 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 691-694 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bohun B. Kinloch ◽  
Richard A. Sniezko ◽  
Gayle E. Dupper
Keyword(s):  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
The United States ◽  
Hypersensitive Reaction ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Sugar Pine ◽  
Western White Pine

The distribution and frequency of the Cr2 gene for resistance to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) in western white pine (Pinus monticola) was surveyed in natural populations of the host by inoculation of open-pollinated seedlings from 687 individual seed parents from throughout most of the species' range. Because Cr2 is dominant and results in a conspicuous hypersensitive reaction (HR) in pine needles, the phenotype can readily be detected in offspring of susceptible seed parents fertilized by unknown Cr2 donors in the ambient pollen cloud. Gametic frequencies of Cr2 were thus determined as the proportion of total challenged seedlings that were pollen receptors exhibiting the Cr2 phenotype. Zygotic frequencies, the proportion of seed parents with progeny that segregated in Mendelian ratios for the Cr2 phenotype to the total number of parents, were a complementary, though less precise, measure. Cr2 frequency was rare overall, ranging from 0.004 to 0.008 in the Sierra Nevada to about 0.001 in the central Cascade Range; it was undetectable further north in the Cascades, as well as in the Rocky Mountains and Coast Mountains of the United States and Canada. The diminishing frequency of Cr2 from the southern and central Sierra Nevada northward mirrors that of Cr1 in sugar pine (P. lambertiana) and points to this region as the origin of both genes. We rationalize that this coincidence may have resulted from protection that these genes may have conferred on both species to an endemic pine stem rust congeneric with C. ribicola (C. occidentale) in recent geologic epochs.

scholarly journals Long Infection Period for White Pine Blister Rust in Coastal British Columbia

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 530-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.S. Hunt ◽  
G.D. Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Early Summer ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Rust Disease ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Infection Period ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Time Of Year

For the white pine blister rust disease (WPBR), reports conflict concerning the time of year the pathogen, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., infects western white pine (Pinus monticola D. Don) and what needle age increments are most susceptible. To determine timing of infection, western white pine seedling were placed under infected currants (Ribes nigrum L.) for 1-week periods from May to November. Needles became spotted and stems cankered after exposure to diseased currants from early summer until leaf drop in November. To determine what foliage age increment was most susceptible, 5-year-old seedlings were placed in a disease garden, and older trees were inoculated in situ. All age increments of pine foliage were susceptible to infection. For young seedlings, all age increments were about equally susceptible, but on some older seedlings and trees, the current year's foliage appeared more resistant than older foliage.

scholarly journals Assessing Potential Risks of White Pine Blister Rust on Western White Pine from Increased Cultivation of Currants

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Muir ◽  
Richard S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Tree ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Commercial Cultivation ◽  
Forest Practices ◽  
Western White Pine

Introductions of white pine blister rust (WPBR, causal fungus: Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fischer) to eastern and western North America before 1915 caused such extensive damage that western white pine (Pinus monticola D. Don) was essentially abandoned as a manageable forest tree species for over 60 years. Recent results from WPBR resistance selection and breeding programs, and from field trials of tree spacing, pruning and bark excision treatments have supported efforts to increase establishment and to intensively manage western white pine. Western white pine is a desirable component in many forested areas because of its faster growth and much higher value compared to many other associated tree species. It also has a low susceptibility to armillaria root disease caused by Armillaria ostoyae (Romagnesi) Herink and laminated root rot, caused by Phellinus weirii (Murr.) Gilb. Some regulations, e.g., Forest Practices Code of British Columbia (BC) Act, require anyone who harvests timber on provincial forestland and uses western white pine for reforestation to either plant genetically resistant western white pine stock or prune susceptible young trees for protection. Risks of increased WPBR associated with increased commercial cultivation of gooseberries and currants (Ribes L.) have yet to be determined. However, major threats appear to include 1) increase in local amounts of spores for nearby infection of pines; and 2) possible introductions or development of new, virulent races of C. ribicola, particularly from eastern to Pacific northwestern North America. In view of these possible threats, we recommend that existing regulations and legislation should be amended, or possibly new measures enacted, to permit propagation and commercial cultivation only of varieties of Ribes that are immune or highly resistant to WPBR.

scholarly journals Operational control of white pine blister rust by removal of lower branches

1991 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 284-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Lower Branch ◽  
White Pine Blister Rust ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Operational Control ◽  
White Pine ◽  
Blister Rust ◽  
Western White Pine ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Pre Treatment

Line surveys were conducted in 13 young western white pine (Pinus monticola D. Don) stands throughout British Columbia to determine the effectiveness of lower branch removal in controlling blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fischer). Uninfected trees and most trees with infected branches were protected from future stem infections. In general, effectiveness and efficiency could have been improved by (a) earlier treatment to reduce stem infections, (b) not treating trees with infected stems, (c) treating all other trees, and (d) removing infected branches above the treatment height. Some stands were spaced during treatment; however, untrained fallers failed to distinguish between healthy trees and those with infected stems. Frequently healthy trees were felled while diseased trees were left standing. A pre-treatment survey is recommended to determine the level of crew training needed and treatment prescription.

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