scholarly journals RNA interference suppression of lignin biosynthesis increases fermentable sugar yields for biofuel production from field-grown sugarcane

2013 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Je Hyeong Jung ◽  
Wilfred Vermerris ◽  
Maria Gallo ◽  
Jeffrey R. Fedenko ◽  
John E. Erickson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Interference Suppression ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Fermentable Sugar

scholarly journals Patatin-Related Phospholipase AtpPLAIIIα Affects Lignification of Xylem in Arabidopsis and Hybrid Poplars

Plants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin Hoon Jang ◽  
Ok Ran Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Amide Bonds ◽  
Hybrid Poplars ◽  
Plant Lipids ◽  
Lipid Acyl Hydrolase ◽  
Specific Regulation

Lipid acyl hydrolase are a diverse group of enzymes that hydrolyze the ester or amide bonds of fatty acid in plant lipids. Patatin-related phospholipase AIIIs (pPLAIIIs) are one of major lipid acyl hydrolases that are less closely related to potato tuber patatins and are plant-specific. Recently, overexpression of ginseng-derived PgpPLAIIIβ was reported to be involved in the reduced level of lignin content in Arabidopsis and the mature xylem layer of poplar. The presence of lignin-polysaccharides renders cell walls recalcitrant for pulping and biofuel production. The tissue-specific regulation of lignin biosynthesis, without altering all xylem in plants, can be utilized usefully by keeping mechanical strength and resistance to various environmental stimuli. To identify another pPLAIII homolog from Arabidopsis, constitutively overexpressed AtpPLAIIIα was characterized for xylem lignification in two well-studied model plants, Arabidopsis and poplar. The characterization of gene function in annual and perennial plants with respect to lignin biosynthesis revealed the functional redundancy of less lignification via downregulation of lignin biosynthesis-related genes.

scholarly journals RNA Interference Suppression of MUC1 Reduces the Growth Rate and Metastatic Phenotype of Human Pancreatic Cancer Cells

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2976-2987 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hideaki Tsutsumida ◽  
Benjamin J. Swanson ◽  
Pankaj K. Singh ◽  
Thomas C. Caffrey ◽  
Shinichi Kitajima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Growth Rate ◽  
Rna Interference ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Interference Suppression ◽  
Human Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Phenotype ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer Cells

scholarly journals RNA Interference Silencing of a Major Lipid Droplet Protein Affects Lipid Droplet Size in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric R. Moellering ◽  
Christoph Benning
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Chlamydomonas Reinhardtii ◽  
Droplet Size ◽  
Lipid Droplet ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Nitrogen Deprivation ◽  
Green Algal ◽  
Lipid Droplet Size ◽  
Lipid Droplet Protein

ABSTRACT Eukaryotic cells store oils in the chemical form of triacylglycerols in distinct organelles, often called lipid droplets. These dynamic storage compartments have been intensely studied in the context of human health and also in plants as a source of vegetable oils for human consumption and for chemical or biofuel feedstocks. Many microalgae accumulate oils, particularly under conditions limiting to growth, and thus have gained renewed attention as a potentially sustainable feedstock for biofuel production. However, little is currently known at the cellular or molecular levels with regard to oil accumulation in microalgae, and the structural proteins and enzymes involved in the biogenesis, maintenance, and degradation of algal oil storage compartments are not well studied. Focusing on the model green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, the accumulation of triacylglycerols and the formation of lipid droplets during nitrogen deprivation were investigated. Mass spectrometry identified 259 proteins in a lipid droplet-enriched fraction, among them a major protein, tentatively designated major lipid droplet protein (MLDP). This protein is specific to the green algal lineage of photosynthetic organisms. Repression of MLDP gene expression using an RNA interference approach led to increased lipid droplet size, but no change in triacylglycerol content or metabolism was observed.

Regulation of Lignin Biosynthesis Through RNAi in Aid of Biofuel Production

2015 ◽  
pp. 185-201
Author(s):  
Archana Kumari ◽  
Vinod Kumar Nigam ◽  
Dev Mani Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biofuel Production

scholarly journals RNA Interference Suppression of Genes in Glycosyl Transferase Families 43 and 47 in Wheat Starchy Endosperm Causes Large Decreases in Arabinoxylan Content

2013 ◽  
Vol 163 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Lovegrove ◽  
Mark D. Wilkinson ◽  
Jackie Freeman ◽  
Till K. Pellny ◽  
Paola Tosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Interference Suppression ◽  
Starchy Endosperm ◽  
Glycosyl Transferase

Genetic Modification of Lignin Biosynthesis for Improved Biofuel Production

Biofuels ◽  
2010 ◽  
pp. 223-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Hisano ◽  
Rangaraj Nandakumar ◽  
Zeng-Yu Wang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Modification ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biofuel Production

scholarly journals Low Lignin Mutants and Reduction of Lignin Content in Grasses for Increased Utilisation of Lignocellulose

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cecilie S. L. Christensen ◽  
Søren K. Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Lignin Content ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Monolignol Biosynthesis ◽  
Genes Encoding ◽  
Regulated Gene Expression ◽  
Mutant Lines ◽  
The Impact

Biomass rich in lignocellulose from grasses is a major source for biofuel production and animal feed. However, the presence of lignin in cell walls limits its efficient utilisation such as in its bioconversion to biofuel. Reduction of the lignin content or alteration of its structure in crop plants have been pursued, either by regulating genes encoding enzymes in the lignin biosynthetic pathway using biotechnological techniques or by breeding naturally-occurring low lignin mutant lines. The aim of this review is to provide a summary of these studies, focusing on lignin (monolignol) biosynthesis and composition in grasses and, where possible, the impact on recalcitrance to bioconversion. An overview of transgenic crops of the grass family with regulated gene expression in lignin biosynthesis is presented, including the effect on lignin content and changes in the ratio of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G) and syringyl (S) units. Furthermore, a survey is provided of low-lignin mutants in grasses, including cereals in particular, summarising their origin and phenotypic traits together with genetics and the molecular function of the various genes identified.

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