Late withdrawal of assent by adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 921-923
Author(s):  
Tim Dare
Keyword(s):  
Late Withdrawal

Acquisition of a Morris water maze task is impaired during early but not late withdrawal from morphine

1996 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.D. Dougherty ◽  
T.J. Walsh ◽  
S. Bailey ◽  
S. Schlussman ◽  
K. Grasing
Keyword(s):  
Morris Water Maze ◽  
Water Maze ◽  
Maze Task ◽  
Water Maze Task ◽  
Morris Water Maze Task ◽  
Late Withdrawal

LATE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS IN BABIES BORN TO METHADONE ADDICTS

The Lancet ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 310 (8050) ◽  
pp. 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.E. Challis ◽  
J.W. Scopes
Keyword(s):  
Withdrawal Symptoms ◽  
Late Withdrawal

scholarly journals Bromocriptine in the Long-Term Management of Advanced Parkinson’s Disease

1983 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. David Grimes ◽  
Mohamed N. Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Dosage Adjustment ◽  
Peak Effect ◽  
Advanced Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Sustained Improvement ◽  
Main Adverse Effect ◽  
Late Withdrawal ◽  
Term Benefit

SUMMARY:Thirty-seven patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease who initially tolerated, and responded to bromocriptine therapy were followed for 12 to 50 (mean 28) months. Using a method of gradual increase of bromocriptine, with concomitant levodopa reduction, the peak effect of the drug was apparent by three months, at which time the mean daily dose of bromocriptine was 23.9 mg and Sinemet (levodopa + carbidopa) had been reduced by 34 percent.Eight patients had sustained improvement without further drug changes for an average of 29 (range 14–50) months. After periods of improvement varying between 3 and 30 months, 29 patients had a fall-off from peak effect. Peak effect was regained in 21 of these 29 patients for an average of 16 additional months by initially increasing bromocriptine or Sinemet, or by eventually increasing both drugs. The main adverse effect was a confusional state which necessitated late withdrawal of bromocriptine in four patients. The best results were in younger patients with end-of-dose deterioration and levodopa induced dyskinesias.With cautious introduction, and intermittent dosage adjustment, bromocriptine can be of long-term benefit to patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease. The majority of patients have a gradual late fall-off in effect which can frequently be reversed with dosage adjustment.

Wpływ roślin leczniczych na farmakokinetykę i metabolizm leków syntetycznych

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Rogowska ◽  
Wojciech Giermaziak
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Dietary Supplements ◽  
Pharmacological Profile ◽  
Synthetic Drugs ◽  
Potential Risks ◽  
Concomitant Medications ◽  
Late Withdrawal ◽  
Potential Interactions ◽  
Plant Substances

Herbs have been used in traditional medicine for centuries. They were often used without restrictions, believing that they are effective and safe. They were not known for their side effects or potential interactions with other concomitant medications. Article describes influence of simultaneous usage of herbs and synthetic drugs taken in the same time regarding potential hazards, side effects and interactions. Pharmacological profile of plant substances which are often used in dietary supplements were also presented as well as impact of herb based medicines to surgery process and possible intraoperative and postoperative complications after their too late withdrawal was briefly described. The aim of the work is to remind the potential risks associated with polypharmacy and simultaneous intake of plant medicines or dietary supplements. It should also increase the alertness of pharmacists and doctors when they recommending, or patients when they taking herb preparations during pharmacotherapy.

scholarly journals Preclinical evidence to support repurposing everolimus for craving reduction during protracted drug withdrawal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin S. Chiu ◽  
Matthew C. Kang ◽  
Laura L. Huerta Sanchez ◽  
Anne M. Fabella ◽  
Kalysta N. Holder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Mtor Inhibition ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Early Withdrawal ◽  
Cocaine Seeking ◽  
Cocaine Craving ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Late Withdrawal

AbstractCue-elicited drug-craving is a cardinal feature of addiction that intensifies (incubates) during protracted withdrawal. In a rat model, these addiction-related behavioral pathologies are mediated, respectively, by time-dependent increases in PI3K/Akt1 signaling and reduced Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) expression, within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Herein, we examined the capacity of single oral dosing with everolimus, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt effector mTOR, to reduce incubated cocaine-craving and reverse incubation-associated changes in vmPFC kinase activity and mGlu expression. Rats were trained to lever-press for intravenous infusions of cocaine or delivery of sucrose pellets and then subjected to tests for cue-reinforced responding during early (3 days) or late (30–46 days) withdrawal. Rats were gavage-infused with everolimus (0–1.0 mg/kg), either prior to testing to examine for effects upon reinforcer-seeking behavior, or immediately following testing to probe effects upon the consolidation of extinction learning. Single oral dosing with everolimus dose-dependently blocked cocaine-seeking during late withdrawal and the effect lasted at least 24 h. No everolimus effects were observed for cue-elicited sucrose-seeking or cocaine-seeking in early withdrawal. In addition, everolimus treatment, following initial cue-testing, reduced subsequent cue hyper-responsivity exhibited observed during late withdrawal, arguing a facilitation of extinction memory consolidation. everolimus’ “anti-incubation” effect was associated with a reversal of withdrawal-induced changes in indices of PI3K/Akt1/mTOR activity, as well as Homer protein and mGlu1/5 expression, within the prelimbic (PL) subregion of the prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate mTOR inhibition as a viable strategy for interrupting heightened cocaine-craving and facilitating addiction recovery during protracted withdrawal.

scholarly journals Preclinical evidence to support repurposing Everolimus for craving reduction during protracted drug withdrawal  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alvin S. Chiu ◽  
Matthew C. Kang ◽  
Laura L. Huerta Sanchez ◽  
Anne M. Fabella ◽  
Kalysta N. Holder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Mtor Inhibition ◽  
Oral Dosing ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Early Withdrawal ◽  
Cocaine Seeking ◽  
Cocaine Craving ◽  
Seeking Behavior ◽  
Late Withdrawal

Abstract Cue-elicited drug-craving is a cardinal feature of addiction that intensifies (incubates) during protracted withdrawal. In a rat model, these addiction-related behavioral pathologies are mediated, respectively, by time-dependent increases in PI3K/Akt1 signaling and reduced Group 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGlu) expression, within the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC). Herein, we examined the capacity of single oral dosing with Everolimus, an FDA-approved inhibitor of the PI3K/Akt effector mTOR, to reduce incubated cocaine-craving and reverse incubation-associated changes in vmPFC kinase activity and mGlu expression. Rats were trained to lever-press for intravenous infusions of cocaine or delivery of sucrose pellets and then subjected to tests for cue-reinforced responding during early (3 days) or late (30-46 days) withdrawal. Rats were gavage-infused with Everolimus (0-1.0 mg/kg), either prior to testing to examine for effects upon reinforcer-seeking behavior, or immediately following testing to probe effects upon the consolidation of extinction learning. Single oral dosing with Everolimus dose-dependently blocked cocaine-seeking during late withdrawal and the effect lasted at least 24 h. No Everolimus effects were observed for cue-elicited sucrose-seeking or cocaine-seeking in early withdrawal. Additionally, Everolimus treatment, following initial cue-testing, reduced subsequent cue hyper-responsivity exhibited observed during late withdrawal, arguing a facilitation of extinction memory consolidation. Everolimus’ “anti-incubation” effect was associated with a reversal of withdrawal-induced changes in indices of PI3K/Akt1/mTOR activity, as well as Homer protein and mGlu1/5 expression, within the prelimbic (PL) subregion of the prefrontal cortex. Our results indicate mTOR inhibition as a viable strategy for interrupting heightened cocaine-craving and facilitating addiction recovery during protracted withdrawal.

Neuronal metabolomics by ion mobility mass spectrometry in cocaine self-administering rats after early and late withdrawal

2016 ◽  
Vol 408 (16) ◽  
pp. 4233-4245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Veronica M. Chiu ◽  
Ryan P. Todd ◽  
Barbara A. Sorg ◽  
Herbert H. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Ion Mobility ◽  
Ion Mobility Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Late Withdrawal
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