scholarly journals Oldest fossil ciliates from the Cryogenian glacial interlude reinterpreted as possible red algal spores

Palaeontology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 941-950
Author(s):  
Phoebe A. Cohen ◽  
Maoli Vizcaíno ◽  
Ross P. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Spores

ATP and related purines stimulate motility, spatial congregation, and coalescence in red algal spores

2015 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-254
Author(s):  
Juan P. Huidobro-Toro ◽  
Verónica Donoso ◽  
Verónica Flores ◽  
Bernabé Santelices
Keyword(s):  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Spores

Mucilage sheaths of spores of red algae

1975 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Boney
Keyword(s):  
Red Algae ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Spherical Form ◽  
Sinking Rate ◽  
Clear Halo ◽  
Planktonic Phase ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Spores ◽  
Mucilaginous Material

If newly released spores of red algae are placed in a suspension of Indian ink in sea water, a clear halo of mucilaginous material will be seen. A similar mucilage cover is also a well-known feature with certain phytoplankton organisms, in which cells of spiny appearance (e.g. freshwater desmids) assume a spherical form in Indian ink when the mucilage cover is also observed (Lund, 1959). The attachment of red algal spores is a process in which mucilage clearly plays some part (Suto, 1950; Nakazawa, 1958; Matsumoto, 1959; Boney, 1966; Linskens, 1966; Moorjani & Jones, 1972; Charters, Neushul & Coon, 1972; Chamberlain & Evans, 1973). Studies on the sinking rate and dispersal of red algal spores have been described (Suto, 1950; Boney, 1965, 1966; Coon, Neushul & Charters, 1972). There appears to be little information on the sizes of the spore mucilage sheaths, and on their likely significance in the planktonic phase of the spore's existence immediately after release. The present work gives the results of an investigation of the spore mucilage of fourteen species of red algae.

scholarly journals Effect of red algal bloom on growth and production of carps

Our Nature ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-54
Author(s):  
Ram Bhajan Mandal ◽  
Sunila Rai ◽  
Madhav Kumar Shrestha ◽  
Dilip Kumar Jha ◽  
Narayan Prasad Pandit
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Algal Bloom ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Dissolved Solids ◽  
Aquaculture Farm ◽  
Red Algal

An experiment was carried to assess the effect of red algal bloom on growth and production of carp, water quality and profit from carp for 120 days at Aquaculture Farm of Agriculture and Forestry University, Chitwan. The experiment included two treatments: carp polyculture in non-red pond and carp polyculture in red pond with algal bloom each with three replicates. Carp fingerlings were stocked at 1 fish/m2 and fed with pellet containing 24% CP at 3% body weight. Net yield of rohu was found significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-red ponds (0.38±0.01 t ha-1) than red ponds (0.24±0.05 t ha-1). Survival of rohu (84.9±1.4%), bighead (95.2±2.0%) and mrigal (88.1±14.4%) were also significantly higher (p<0.05) in non-red ponds than red ponds. Red algal bloom affected DO, nitrate and chlorophyll-a, nitrite, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total dissolved solids and conductivity. However, overall carp production and profit from carp remained unaffected.

Distribution and Seasonality of Macroalgae on Oyster Communities of Central Chesapeake Bay

1980 ◽  
Vol 23 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith L. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Sexual Reproduction ◽  
Chesapeake Bay ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Algal Species ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Distributions ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Study Sites

AbstractField studies of the benthic macroalgae of fifteen selected Chesapeake Bay oyster communities were conducted over a period of a year (March 1977 to February 1978). Algal distribu tion and seasonal occurrence were studied in relation to changes in the physical environment. Salinity, temperature, and light availability were important factors in the spatial and temporal distributions of algae in these subtidal habitats.Seventeen species of Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta, and Rhodophyta were recorded from the fifteen study sites distributed over 130 kilometers within the Maryland portion of Chesapeake Bay. Species of Chlorophyta were associated with oyster communities throughout the year of study with maximum numbers of species and maximum biomass occurring in spring. Only once was a member of the Phaeophyta encountered; a single filamentous species, Ectocarpus, was collected during winter. Species of Rhodophyta were present throughout the year at the study sites.Most of the algae collected reproduced asexually by spores and/or vegetative fragments. Sexual reproduction occurred in some of the red algal species. The presence of tetrasporic and cystocarpic plants of Dasya baillouviana and Polysiphonia harveyi var. olneyi may indicate that the usual triphasic Florideophycean life history occurs in this estuary.

scholarly journals Scaffolding proteins guide the evolution of algal light harvesting antennas

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harry W. Rathbone ◽  
Katharine A. Michie ◽  
Michael J. Landsberg ◽  
Beverley R. Green ◽  
Paul M. G. Curmi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrophobic Surface ◽  
Scaffolding Protein ◽  
Secondary Endosymbiosis ◽  
Scaffolding Proteins ◽  
Α Subunit ◽  
Binding Partner ◽  
Photosynthetic Organisms ◽  
New Family ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Multiple Copies

AbstractPhotosynthetic organisms have developed diverse antennas composed of chromophorylated proteins to increase photon capture. Cryptophyte algae acquired their photosynthetic organelles (plastids) from a red alga by secondary endosymbiosis. Cryptophytes lost the primary red algal antenna, the red algal phycobilisome, replacing it with a unique antenna composed of αβ protomers, where the β subunit originates from the red algal phycobilisome. The origin of the cryptophyte antenna, particularly the unique α subunit, is unknown. Here we show that the cryptophyte antenna evolved from a complex between a red algal scaffolding protein and phycoerythrin β. Published cryo-EM maps for two red algal phycobilisomes contain clusters of unmodelled density homologous to the cryptophyte-αβ protomer. We modelled these densities, identifying a new family of scaffolding proteins related to red algal phycobilisome linker proteins that possess multiple copies of a cryptophyte-α-like domain. These domains bind to, and stabilise, a conserved hydrophobic surface on phycoerythrin β, which is the same binding site for its primary partner in the red algal phycobilisome, phycoerythrin α. We propose that after endosymbiosis these scaffolding proteins outcompeted the primary binding partner of phycoerythrin β, resulting in the demise of the red algal phycobilisome and emergence of the cryptophyte antenna.

Centroceras gasparrinii subsp. minor subsp. nov. (Ceramiaceae, Rhodophyta) in the North Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean): molecular and morphological characterization

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 415 (4) ◽  
pp. 233-239
Author(s):  
MARION A. WOLF ◽  
ALESSANDRO BUOSI ◽  
ABDUL-SALAM F. JUHMANI ◽  
ADRIANO SFRISO
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Cortical Cells ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
The North ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Long Time ◽  
The 19Th Century

Centroceras Kützing is a small red algal genus with 18 currently accepted species (Guiry & Guiry 2019), characterized by simple filamentous thalli with erect axes arising from a prostrate system and di-trichotomous branching (Hommersand 1963). The characters used to distinguish species are primarily cortical filament morphology: shape and number of the acropetal cortical cells, shape of gland cells, and shape of spines (Won et al. 2009). The generitype C. clavulatum (C. Agardh) Montagne has been viewed for a long time as a highly variable and cosmopolitan species (Hommersand 1963). Molecular and detailed morphological analyses brought Barros-Barreto et al. (2006) to report that C. clavulatum may consist of a species complex and Won et al. (2009) confirmed this hypothesis identifying eight taxonomic entities phylogenetically segregated from genuine C. clavulatum. Seven of these entities were assigned to the following species: C. gasparrinii (Meneghini) Kützing, C. hommersandii Won, T.O. Cho & Fredericq, C. hyalacanthum Kützing, C. micracanthum Kützing, C. natalensis Won, T.O. Cho & Fredericq, C. rodmanii Won, T.O. Cho & Fredericq, and C. tetrachotomum Won, T.O. Cho & Fredericq, (Won et al. 2009). Centroceras gasparrinii, C. hyalacanthum, and C. micracanthum are three western Atlantic species listed as synonyms of C. clavulatum since the middle of the 19th century and resurrected from the ‘C. clavulatum complex’ by Won et al. (2009). In particular, two of these taxa were described from specimens of the Mediterranean Sea: C. gasparrinii (as Ceramium gasparrinii Meneghini, type locality Palermo, Italy) and C. micracanthum (reported with the synonym Centroceras leptacanthum Kützing, type locality Genoa, Italy). Therefore, the numerous Mediterranean records of C. clavulatum (e.g., Gómez Garreta et al. 2001; Verlaque 2001; Sfriso & Curiel 2007; Taşkýn et al. 2013) most probably belong to one of these two species and have to be re-examined for a correct identification and to understand the spatial distribution of the different taxa (Tsiamis et al. 2010). For this reason, in the last years in Greece (Tsiamis et al. 2010), Spain (Gallardo et al. 2016) and Morocco (Hassoun et al. 2018) accurate sampling and morphological analyses of specimens previously identified as C. clavulatum were conducted to determine their correct taxonomic identities. In all cases the recognized species was C. gasparrinii, which can be distinguished morphologically from the other ones previously known as C. clavulatum by the presence of ovoid gland cells and ovoid terminal acropetal cortical cells (Won et al. 2009). As reported by Tsiamis et al. (2010), Greek samples differed from those described by Won et al. (2009), in the smaller number of periaxial cells (10–12 against 13–19).

scholarly journals Red Algal Extremophiles: Novel Genes and Paradigms

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
Julia Van Etten
Keyword(s):  
Novel Genes ◽  
Red Algal

Hidden diversity in the oomycete genus Olpidiopsis is a potential hazard to red algal cultivation and conservation worldwide

2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-171
Author(s):  
Yacine Badis ◽  
Tatyana A. Klochkova ◽  
Janina Brakel ◽  
Paola Arce ◽  
Martin Ostrowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Hazard ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Algal Cultivation

Studies of marine algae in the lesser-known families of the Gigartinales (Rhodophyta). III. The Mychodeaceae and Mychodeophyllaceae

1978 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 515 ◽  
Author(s):  
GT Kraft
Keyword(s):  
Marine Algae ◽  
Adjacent Cell ◽  
Distinctive Pattern ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
New Family ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Fusion Cell ◽  
Fertile Region ◽  
Axial Development

The endemic Australian red algal families Mychodeaceae Kylin and Mychodeophyllaceae fam. nov. are described and characterized in vegetative and reproductive detail. The Mychodeaceae is composed of the single genus Mychodea and 11 species which are distinguished on habit features and vegetative differences. Plants are uniaxial with a distinctive pattern of axial development, monoecious, zonately tetrasporangiate, procarpic and polycarpogonial. Supporting cells of carpogonial branches function as auxiliary cells which remain unfused to adjacent cells after diploidization and emit numerous gonimoblast filaments towards the centre of the thallus. The gonimoblasts become secondarily pitconnected to gametophytic cells which they lie next to and eventually appear to break up into isolated groups of cells which both initiate additional carposporangial precursors and enlarge directly into carposporangia themselves. Carposporangial initials can form secondary pit-connections to any type of adjacent cell, which results in irregularly branched carposporangial clusters whose cells are frequently attached to sterile gametophytic cells within and around the periphery of the cystocarp. Mature cystocarps consist of a non-ostiolate pericarp and pockets of carposporangia isolated between persistent sterile cells throughout the fertile region. The genera Neurophyllis Zanardini and Ectoclinium J. Agardh are placed in synonymy with Mychodea, and all extra-Australian records of the group are discounted or questioned. A new family, the Mychodeophyllaceae, is created for Mychodeophyllum papillitectum gen. et sp. nov. from Western Australia. Mychodeophyllum shares spermatangial and tetrasporangial features with Mychodea, as well as sexual elements such as polycarpogonial procarps, lack of a fusion cell, and multiple, inwardly growing gonimoblast initials. Gonimoblast filaments develop quite differently from Mychodea, however, and carposporangia form radiating chains around the periphery of a central placenta composed of mixed and secondarily connected gonimoblast and gametophytic filaments. Plants of the genus are also apparently rnultiaxial. The Mychodeaceae and Mychodeophyllaceae appear to be highly specialized in vegetative and carposporophyte structure, and have given rise to no known higher lines of development. It is speculated that both families may represent offshoots from ancestors at a level of carposporophyte complexit) represented by present-day Rhabdoniaceae, Solieriaceae and Rhodophyllidaceae.

scholarly journals Role of the Digestive Gland in Ink Production in Four Species of Sea Hares: An Ultrastructural Comparison

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. Prince ◽  
Paul Micah Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Digestive Gland ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Aplysia Californica ◽  
Digestive Cell ◽  
Digestive Cells ◽  
Sea Hare ◽  
Red Algal ◽  
The Common ◽  
Algal Chloroplast

The ultrastructure of the digestive gland of several sea hare species that produce different colored ink (Aplysia californicaproduces purple ink,A. julianawhite ink,A. parvulaboth white and purple ink, whileDolabrifera dolabriferaproduces no ink at all) was compared to determine the digestive gland’s role in the diet-derived ink production process. Rhodoplast digestive cells and their digestive vacuoles, the site of digestion of red algal chloroplast (i.e., rhodoplast) inA. californica, were present and had a similar ultrastructure in all four species. Rhodoplast digestive cell vacuoles either contained a whole rhodoplast or fragments of one or were empty. These results suggest that the inability to produce colored ink in some sea hare species is not due to either an absence of appropriate digestive machinery, that is, rhodoplast digestive cells, or an apparent failure of rhodoplast digestive cells to function. These results also propose that the digestive gland structure described herein occurred early in sea hare evolution, at least in the common ancestor to the generaAplysiaandDolabrifera. Our data, however, do not support the hypothesis that the loss of purple inking is a synapomorphy of the white-ink-producing subgenusAplysia.

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