21st Century Maritime Power-Politics in the Indian Ocean Region with Special Reference to the Bay of Bengal

Pacific Focus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-85
Author(s):  
Mohd Aminul Karim
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Special Reference ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Power Politics ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean

scholarly journals China’s Geostrategic Interests in the Indian Ocean Region: Implications for Kenya

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Paul Odhiambo
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
East African ◽  
National Interests ◽  
Trade Routes ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
Peaceful Development

Abstract China’s growing influence in the Indian Ocean cannot be gainsaid as the East Asian economic powerhouse engages in a series of activities to secure maritime routes for energy supplies; to guarantee its trade routes; and to exercise increased maritime influence on the sea lines of communication (SLOCs). Since the beginning of the 21st century, Beijing has enhanced its presence in the Indian Ocean Region (IOR) through construction of ports, increased Chinese naval presence, participation in anti-piracy operations in the Gulf of Aden, construction of a military base in Djibouti, One belt One road initiative and 21st century Maritime Silk Road. While China reassures of its peaceful development, critics contend that Beijing’s military-strategic intentions are aimed at dominance in the Indian Ocean. Countries of the IOR are a home to 2.5 billion people. About 80 percent of the world’s maritime oil trade flows through three chokepoints in the Indian Ocean. Moreover, Indian Ocean is emerging as a pivotal zone due to fast growing economies in the region. Due to its geostrategic significance, the Indian Ocean is expected to play a considerable role in the development of East African littoral states including Kenya. This paper analyzes the growing presence of China in IOR and how Nairobi’s engagement with Beijing could enable Kenya to realize its geostrategic interests in the Indian Ocean. The paper recommends that Kenya needs to have effective strategies to maximize the potential from its exclusive economic zone and secure its national interests as a littoral state.

A Contest of Status and Legitimacy in the Indian Ocean

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Brewster
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
International System ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Major Powers ◽  
Threat Perceptions ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Asymmetry

This chapter examines Indian and Chinese perspectives of each other as major powers and their respective roles in the Indian Ocean. It focuses on the following elements: (a) China’s strategic imperatives in the Indian Ocean Region, (b) India’s views on its special role in the Indian Ocean and the legitimacy of the presence of other powers, (c) China’s strategic vulnerabilities in the Indian Ocean and India’s wish to leverage those vulnerabilities, (d) the asymmetry in Indian and Chinese threat perceptions, and (d) Chinese perspectives of the status of India in the international system and India’s claims to a special role in the Indian Ocean. The chapter concludes that even if China were to take a more transparent approach to its activities, significant differences in perceptions of threat and over status and legitimacy will produce a highly competitive dynamic between them in the maritime domain.

Heat and freshwater changes in the Indian Ocean region

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline C. Ummenhofer ◽  
Sujata A. Murty ◽  
Janet Sprintall ◽  
Tong Lee ◽  
Nerilie J. Abram
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Evolution and Determinant Factors of the Intra-Regional Trade Community Structures of the Indian Ocean Region

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Lihua Yuan ◽  
Xiaoqiang Chen ◽  
Changqing Song ◽  
Danping Cao ◽  
Hong Yi
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Spatiotemporal Evolution ◽  
Regional Trade ◽  
Determinant Factors ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean ◽  
The Impact

The Indian Ocean Region (IOR) has become one of the main economic forces globally, and countries within the IOR have attempted to promote their intra-regional trade. This study investigates the spatiotemporal evolution of the community structures of the intra-regional trade and the impact of determinant factors on the formation of trade community structures of the IOR from 1996 to 2017 using the methods of social network analysis. Trade communities are groups of countries with measurably denser intra-trade ties but with extra-trade ties that are measurably sparser among different communities. The results show that the extent of trade integration and the trade community structures of the IOR changed from strengthening between 1996 and 2014 to weakening between 2015 and 2017. The largest explanatory power of the formation of the IOR trade community structures was the IOR countries’ economic size, indicating that market remained the strongest driver. The second-largest explanatory power was geographical proximity, suggesting that countries within the IOR engaged in intra-regional trade still tended to select geographically proximate trading partners. The third- and the fourth-largest were common civilization and regional organizational memberships, respectively. This indicates that sharing a common civilization and constructing intra-regional institutional arrangements (especially open trade policies) helped the countries within the IOR strengthen their trade communities.

The Sino-Indian Geopolitics and Maritime Security of the Indian Ocean Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Sainandan S. Iyer ◽  
Ranadhir Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Sridhar D. Iyer
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Maritime Security ◽  
Indian Ocean Region ◽  
Ocean Region ◽  
The Indian Ocean
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