scholarly journals Aging, Proximity to Death, and Religiosity

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Lechler ◽  
Uwe Sunde
Keyword(s):  
Proximity To Death

Aging, health expenditure, proximity to death, and income in Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
UNTO HÄKKINEN ◽  
PEKKA MARTIKAINEN ◽  
ANJA NORO ◽  
ELINA NIHTILÄ ◽  
MIKKO PELTOLA
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Proximity To Death ◽  
Naive Model

AbstractThis study revisits the debate on the ‘red herring’, i.e. the claim that population aging will not have a significant impact on health care expenditure (HCE), using a Finnish data set. We decompose HCE into several components and include both survivors and deceased individuals into the analyses. We also compare the predictions of health expenditure based on a model that takes into account the proximity to death with the predictions of a naïve model, which includes only age and gender and their interactions. We extend our analysis to include income as an explanatory variable. According to our results, total expenditure on health care and care of elderly people increases with age but the relationship is not as clear as is usually assumed when a naïve model is used in health expenditure projections. Among individuals not in long-term care, we found a clear positive relationship between expenditure and age only for health centre and psychiatric inpatient care. In somatic care and prescribed drugs, the expenditure clearly decreased with age among deceased individuals. Our results emphasize that even in the future, health care expenditure might be driven more by changes in the propensity to move into long-term care and medical technology than age and gender alone, as often claimed in public discussion. We do not find any strong positive associations between income and expenditure for most non-LTC categories of health care utilization. Income was positively related to expenditure on prescribed medicines, in which cost-sharing between the state and the individual is relatively high. Overall, our results indicate that the future expenditure is more likely to be determined by health policy actions than inevitable trends in the demographic composition of the population.

scholarly journals Proximity to death and participation in the long-term care market

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 867-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
France Weaver ◽  
Sally C. Stearns ◽  
Edward C. Norton ◽  
William Spector
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Proximity To Death

scholarly journals Justifiability of Euthanasia and Related Practices among Common Russians: In search of Determinants

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-97
Author(s):  
Maksim G. Rudnev
Keyword(s):  
End Of Life ◽  
Personal Autonomy ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Weak Support ◽  
Life Issues ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
End Of Life Issues ◽  
Trust In Physicians ◽  
Proximity To Death

The aging of the population during the twentieth century sparked a discussion on end-of-life issues and particularly voluntary life termination due to unbearable suffering (euthanasia and related practices). Most of the euthanasia attitude studies have been focused on groups directly involved in end-of-life issues, such as physicians and patients. This article investigates the typical views of common Russians in regard to euthanasia and related practices, and looks for their determinants. A survey of 1201 respondents in 2014 was conducted using a probabilistic sample representing the population of Russia. Measurement of euthanasia justifiability included descriptions of patients’ conditions and types of life termination procedures. Analysis of the results showed that basic values were important predictors of euthanasia justifiability. However, a model derived from international and western research failed to confirm this. Our hypothesis regarding the relations between values of autonomy and justification of euthanasia found only weak support, while benevolence values demonstrated a strong negative effect. Proximity to death showed a negative effect: the fact of caring for sick close ones, as well as one’s own ill-health, were related to a lower justification of euthanasia. Religiosity demonstrated only marginally significant coefficients. Contrary to our hypothesis, interactions between death proximity indicators and trust in physicians and people in general were insignificant. Another unexpected result was a negative link between confidence in the healthcare system and euthanasia justifiability. We attribute these findings to a “priestly” model of care prevalent among Russians; the characteristic structuring of values among Russians, in which care for others contradicts personal autonomy; as well as endorsement of avoidance over approach motivations. In conclusion we list the limitations of the study and point out the weak explanatory power of the models presented.

Analysis of Experiences and Psychological Perceptions of Recovered COVID-19 Patients

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahsima Pourshahryari ◽  
Abbas Abdollahi ◽  
Sahar Ghafouri
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Initial Reaction ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Step Method ◽  
The People ◽  
Tehran Province ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Psychological Perceptions ◽  
Proximity To Death

Aim: The aim of this study was to analyze the experiences and psychological perceptions of recovered COVID-19 patients. Methods: This research was conducted using qualitative approach of phenomenology type. The population of this study included the patients recovered from Corona virus in Tehran province. Sampling was performed purposefully. The research was conducted through semi-structured interviews. Collaizi’s seven-step method was applied for analyzing the data. Findings: After coding the interviews and categorizing the topics, the following nine main themes were obtained: initial reaction of loneliness and the need for receiving compassion, negative consequences, proximity to death and the reaction of individuals toward it, effective coping activities, mutual transmission of mental status of the patient, caregivers and medical staff, the effect of illness on meaning and style of life, preoccupation with duties and responsibilities. Conclusion: The present study showed that the experiences of Covid-19 patients have similarities and differences and being ware of these experiences may help the experts and policymakers to prevent the psychological crisis in the post-corona period and prepare the people psychologically in the society to face the epidemics.

Processing Intensive Care Unit Treatment Experiences: A Thematic Analysis of a Diary Intervention

2021 ◽  
pp. 104973232110554
Author(s):  
George Zisopoulos ◽  
Sofia Triliva ◽  
Pagona Roussi
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Sense Making ◽  
Intensive Care Unit Treatment ◽  
Written Narratives ◽  
Interpersonal Support ◽  
Proximity To Death ◽  
Inductive Thematic Analysis

Survivors of the intensive care unit (ICU) report an aggregate of burdensome memories. ICU diaries have been proposed to address the psychological impact of ICU treatment. Twenty-six participants wrote about their ICU experiences in three successive sessions, while in the second session, they were presented with a dairy derived from their medical records. Using inductive thematic analysis in the first and third narratives, we explore how participants initially describe their ICU experience and how they process it after the intervention. Participants described a martyrdom experience, including being emotionally distressed, disorientated, and physically trapped that provoked a quest for any available interpersonal support. A vacuum-like state permeated their existence, impacted their sense-making ability, and the proximity to death uniquely characterized this experience. After intervention, participants made small but significant changes in their written narratives. They appeared to reorganize their recollections, reestablish self-continuity by integrating their ICU experiences, and authored restitution narratives.

Longitudinal Study of Depressive Symptoms in Patients With Metastatic Gastrointestinal and Lung Cancer

2010 ◽  
Vol 28 (18) ◽  
pp. 3084-3089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Lo ◽  
Camilla Zimmermann ◽  
Anne Rydall ◽  
Andrew Walsh ◽  
Jennifer M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Physical Suffering ◽  
Spiritual Well Being ◽  
Physical Distress ◽  
Proximity To Death

Purpose Although early intervention is increasingly advocated to prevent and relieve distress in patients with metastatic cancer, the risk factors for such symptoms and their trajectory are not well established. We therefore conducted a longitudinal study to determine the course and predictors of depressive symptoms. Patients and Methods Patients (N = 365) with metastatic gastrointestinal or lung cancer completed measures of physical distress, self-esteem, attachment security, spiritual well-being, social support, hopelessness, and depression at baseline; physical distress, social support, hopelessness, and depression were subsequently assessed at 2-month intervals. Results Of the sample, 35% reported at least mild depressive symptoms, with 16% reporting moderate to severe depressive symptoms that persisted in at least one third of such individuals. Moderate to severe depressive symptoms were almost three times more common in the final 3 months of life than ≥ 1 year before death. Predictors of depressive symptoms included younger age, antidepressant use at baseline, lower self-esteem and spiritual well-being, and greater attachment anxiety, hopelessness, physical burden of illness, and proximity to death. The combination of greater physical suffering and psychosocial vulnerability put individuals at greatest risk for depression. Conclusion Depressive symptoms in advanced cancer patients are relatively common and may arise as a final common pathway of distress in response to psychosocial vulnerabilities, physical suffering, and proximity to death. These findings support the need for an integrated approach to address emotional and physical distress in this population and to determine whether early intervention may prevent depression at the end of life.

Exploring the influence of proximity to death on disease-specific hospital expenditures: a carpaccio of red herrings

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 379-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Wong ◽  
Pieter H. M. van Baal ◽  
Hendriek C. Boshuizen ◽  
Johan J. Polder
Keyword(s):  
Hospital Expenditures ◽  
Proximity To Death ◽  
Disease Specific

scholarly journals Examining proximity to death and health care expenditure by disease: a Bayesian-based descriptive statistical analysis from the National Health Insurance database in Japan

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuji Hiramatsu ◽  
Hiroo Ide ◽  
Atsuko Tsuchiya ◽  
Yuji Furui
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Insurance ◽  
National Health Insurance ◽  
National Health ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Health Care Expenditures ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Disease Group ◽  
Proximity To Death ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract Background Japan is one of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries where population aging and increasing health care expenditures (HCE) are urgent issues. Recent studies have identified factors other than age, such as proximity to death and morbidity, as contributing factors to the increase in medical costs. It is important to assess HCE by disease and analyze their factors to estimate and improve future HCE. Methods We extracted individual records spanning approximately 2 years prior to the death of persons aged 65 to 95 years from the National Health Insurance data in Japan, and used a Bayesian approach to decompose monthly HCE into five disease groups (circulatory, chronic kidney disease, neoplasms, respiratory, and others). The relationship between the proximity to death and the average HCE in each disease group was stratified by sex and age and analyzed using a descriptive statistical method similar to the two-part model. Results The average HCE increased rapidly as death approached in most disease groups, but the increase-pattern differed greatly among disease groups, sex, and age groups. The effect of proximity to death on average HCE was small for chronic diseases, but large for lethal diseases. When stratified by age and sex, younger and male decedents tended to have higher average HCE, but the extent of this varied by disease group. The two-year cumulative average HCE for neoplasms in the 65–75 years age group was about six times larger than those in the 85–95 years age group. Conclusions In Japan, it was suggested that disease, proximity to death, age, and sex may contribute to HCE. However, these factors interact in a complex manner, and it is important to analyze HCE by disease. In addition, preventing or delaying the severity of diseases with high medical burdens in younger people may be effective in reducing future terminal care costs. These findings have important implications for future projections and improvements of HCE.

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