Greater axial elongation associated with low accommodative lag: new insights on accommodative lag theory for myopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1355-1362
Author(s):  
Swapnil Thakur ◽  
Pavan K Verkicharla
Keyword(s):  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Accommodative Lag

scholarly journals Greb1 is required for axial elongation and segmentation in vertebrate embryos

Biology Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. bio047290
Author(s):  
Ravindra Singh Prajapati ◽  
Richard Mitter ◽  
Annalisa Vezzaro ◽  
David Ish-Horowicz
Keyword(s):  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Vertebrate Embryos

scholarly journals Modular crawling robots using soft pneumatic actuators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nianfeng Wang ◽  
Bicheng Chen ◽  
Xiandong Ge ◽  
Xianmin Zhang ◽  
Wenbin Wang
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Pneumatic Actuators ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Control Schemes ◽  
Good Agreement

AbstractCrawling robots have elicited much attention in recent years due to their stable and efficient locomotion. In this work, several crawling robots are developed using two types of soft pneumatic actuators (SPAs), namely, an axial elongation SPA and a dual bending SPA. By constraining the deformation of the elastomeric chamber, the SPAs realize their prescribed motions, and the deformations subjected to pressures are characterized with numerical models. Experiments are performed for verification, and the results show good agreement. The SPAs are fabricated by casting and developed into crawling robots with 3D-printing connectors. Control schemes are presented, and crawling tests are performed. The speeds predicted by the numerical models agree well with the speeds in the experiments.

The effect of 0.01% atropine on ocular axial elongation for myopia children: a meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Yu ◽  
Jiasu Liu
Keyword(s):  
Publication Bias ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Funnel Plots ◽  
Mean Differences ◽  
Q Statistic ◽  
Regression Tests ◽  
Review Manager

Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to identify the therapeutic effect of 0.01% atropine with on ocular axial elongation for myopia children. Methods: We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, and CBM databases from inception to July 2021. Meta-analysis was conducted using STATA version 14.0 and Review Manager version 5.3 softwares. We calculated the weighted mean differences(WMD) to analyze the change of ocular axial length (AL) between orthokeratology combined with 0.01% atropine (OKA) and orthokeratology (OA) alone. The Cochran's Q-statistic and I2 test were used to evaluate potential heterogeneity between studies. To evaluate the influence of single studies on the overall estimate, a sensitivity analysis was performed. We also performed sub group and meta-regression analyses to investigate potential sources of heterogeneity. We conducted Begger's funnel plots and Egger's linear regression tests to investigate publication bias. Results: Nine studies that met all inclusion criteria were included in this meta-analysis. A total of 191 children in OKA group and 196 children in OK group were assessed. The pooled summary WMD of AL change was -0.90(95%CI=-1.25~-0.55) with statistical significance(t=-5.03, p<0.01), which indicated there was obvious difference between OKA and OK in myopic children. Subgroup analysis also showed that OKA treatment resulted in significantly less axial elongation compared to OK treatment alone according to SER. We found no evidence for publication bias. Conclusions:  Our meta-analysis indicates 0.01% atropine atropine is effective in slowing axial elongation in myopia children with orthokeratology.

Relationship between Changes in Crystalline Lens Shape and Axial Elongation in Young Children

2013 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kotaro Ishii ◽  
Masahiro Yamanari ◽  
Hiroyoshi Iwata ◽  
Yoshiaki Yasuno ◽  
Tetsuro Oshika
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Crystalline Lens ◽  
Axial Elongation

scholarly journals 13-P099 Termination of vertebrate axial elongation and segmentation

2009 ◽  
Vol 126 ◽  
pp. S224-S225
Author(s):  
Annalisa Vezzaro ◽  
David Ish-Horowicz
Keyword(s):  
Axial Elongation

scholarly journals Influence of Virtual Reality on Visual Fuctions: Immersive Versus Non-Immersive Mode

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hyeon Jeong Yoon ◽  
Jonghwa Kim ◽  
Sang Woo Park ◽  
Hwan Heo
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Reality ◽  
Correlation Analysis ◽  
Subjective Symptom ◽  
Subjective Symptoms ◽  
Dynamic Methods ◽  
Symptom Scores ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Accommodative Lag

Abstract Background To investigate differences in refraction, accommodative factors, ocular parameters, and subjective symptoms after using two types of virtual reality (VR) content with different perception depths. Methods Twenty-three volunteers, who played VR games in two modes (immersive and non-immersive) for 30 min, were enrolled. Ocular parameters were examined before and after using VR. Accommodative factors were measured using static and dynamic methods, and subjective symptoms were assessed using a questionnaire. Differences according to VR content and correlations between each ocular parameter were analyzed. Results There were no changes in refraction and accommodative factors after use of the VR. However, there was a significant increase in near point accommodation (NPA), near point convergence (NPC), and subjective symptom scores after using the immersive mode. Correlation analysis revealed that NPA and accommodative lag were increased in subjects with exophoria, and that subjects with high NPA or NPC were more likely to exhibit an increase in mean accommodative lag. Conclusions The use of VR for 30 min reduced NPA and NPC especially after the immersive mode was used. In addition, using VR could further increase accommodation lag and reduce the amplitude of accommodation and convergence in subjects with exophoria.

Accommodative lag versus different stimuli

2007 ◽  
Vol 54 (9) ◽  
pp. 1299-1305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravi Chandra Bakaraju ◽  
Nisha S. Yeotikar ◽  
Vallam Srinivas Rao
Keyword(s):  
Accommodative Lag
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