Dilution effect of plant diversity on infectious diseases: latitudinal trend and biological context dependence

Oikos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (4) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Liu ◽  
Lifan Chen ◽  
Mu Liu ◽  
Graciela García‐Guzmán ◽  
Gregory S. Gilbert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Plant Diversity ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Context Dependence ◽  
Latitudinal Trend ◽  
Biological Context

scholarly journals Human infectious disease burdens decrease with urbanization but not with biodiversity

2017 ◽  
Vol 372 (1722) ◽  
pp. 20160122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsea L. Wood ◽  
Alex McInturff ◽  
Hillary S. Young ◽  
DoHyung Kim ◽  
Kevin D. Lafferty
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Over Time

Infectious disease burdens vary from country to country and year to year due to ecological and economic drivers. Recently, Murray et al. (Murray CJ et al . 2012 Lancet 380 , 2197–2223. ( doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)61689-4 )) estimated country-level morbidity and mortality associated with a variety of factors, including infectious diseases, for the years 1990 and 2010. Unlike other databases that report disease prevalence or count outbreaks per country, Murray et al. report health impacts in per-person disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), allowing comparison across diseases with lethal and sublethal health effects. We investigated the spatial and temporal relationships between DALYs lost to infectious disease and potential demographic, economic, environmental and biotic drivers, for the 60 intermediate-sized countries where data were available and comparable. Most drivers had unique associations with each disease. For example, temperature was positively associated with some diseases and negatively associated with others, perhaps due to differences in disease agent thermal optima, transmission modes and host species identities. Biodiverse countries tended to have high disease burdens, consistent with the expectation that high diversity of potential hosts should support high disease transmission. Contrary to the dilution effect hypothesis, increases in biodiversity over time were not correlated with improvements in human health, and increases in forestation over time were actually associated with increased disease burden. Urbanization and wealth were associated with lower burdens for many diseases, a pattern that could arise from increased access to sanitation and healthcare in cities and increased investment in healthcare. The importance of urbanization and wealth helps to explain why most infectious diseases have become less burdensome over the past three decades, and points to possible levers for further progress in improving global public health. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Conservation, biodiversity and infectious disease: scientific evidence and policy implications’.

scholarly journals A mathematical model for biodiversity diluting transmission of zika virus through competition mechanics

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Zongmin Yue ◽  
Fauzi Mohamed Yusof
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Vector Borne ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Impact

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>Whether increasing biodiversity will lead to a promotion (amplification effect) or inhibition (dilution effect) in the transmission of infectious diseases remains to be discovered. In vector-borne infectious diseases, Lyme Disease (LD) and West Nile Virus (WNV) have become typical examples of the dilution effect of biodiversity. Thus, as a vector-borne disease, biodiversity may also play a positive role in the control of the Zika virus. We developed a Zika virus model affected by biodiversity through a competitive mechanism. Through the qualitative analysis of the model, the stability condition of the disease-free equilibrium point and the control threshold of the disease - the basic reproduction number is given. Not only has the numerical analysis verified the inference results, but also it has shown the regulatory effect of the competition mechanism on Zika virus transmission. As competition limits the size of the vector population, the number of final viral infections also decreases. Besides, we also find that under certain parameter conditions, the dilution effect may disappear because of the different initial values. Finally, we emphasized the impact of human activities on biological diversity, to indirectly dilute the abundance of diversity and make the virus continuously spread.</p>

Influences of habitat and arthropod density on parasitism in two co-occurring host taxa

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 589-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Koprivnikar ◽  
T.M.Y. Urichuk ◽  
D. Szuroczki
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dilution Effect ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Disease Dynamics ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Larval Amphibians ◽  
General Importance ◽  
Single Host ◽  
Lower Infection ◽  
Road Distance

Habitat attributes are known to influence infectious diseases such as those caused by parasites, but most studies have only considered single host and (or) parasite taxa, making it difficult to assess which features may be of general importance and to predict how alterations could affect disease dynamics. We examined infection with trematode (flatworm) parasites in two commonly co-occurring host taxa (larval amphibians and larval odonates (dragonflies and damselflies)) to investigate links with landscape-level features, including agricultural activity. We also assessed pond community composition with respect to the abundance and richness of aquatic arthropods known to prey upon tadpoles and (or) free-swimming trematode infectious stages. Larval amphibians from agricultural sites were most likely to be parasitized but had lower infection intensities, and infected hosts were positively associated with increasing distance to the nearest forest habitat, but negatively with road distance. The opposite was observed for larval odonate infection status; however, probability and intensity of parasitism in both host taxa was negatively associated with greater predatory arthropod abundance, consistent with the “dilution effect” of biodiversity on infectious diseases. Our approach demonstrates the importance of considering multiple host taxa when studying habitat links to diseases, and future studies incorporating even greater diversity will be needed.

scholarly journals Biodiversity, Infectious Diseases, and the Dilution Effect

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 277-292
Author(s):  
Stefano Bosi ◽  
David Desmarchelier
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dilution Effect

scholarly journals Siglec-15: a potential regulator of osteoporosis, cancer, and infectious diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takashi Angata
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Target ◽  
Chemical Biology ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Myeloid Cells ◽  
Exact Nature ◽  
Cancer Microenvironment ◽  
Microbial Infection ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Biological Context

AbstractSiglec-15 is a member of the Siglec family of glycan-recognition proteins, primarily expressed on a subset of myeloid cells. Siglec-15 has been known to be involved in osteoclast differentiation, and is considered to be a potential therapeutic target for osteoporosis. Recent studies revealed unexpected roles of Siglec-15 in microbial infection and the cancer microenvironment, expanding the potential pathophysiological roles of Siglec-15. Chemical biology has advanced our understanding of the nature of Siglec-15 ligands, but the exact nature of Siglec-15 ligand depends on the biological context, leaving plenty of room for further exploration.

Infectious Diseases in the Geriatric Patient

1982 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 421-438 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Corcoran ◽  
Stanton G. Axline
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Geriatric Patient
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document