The ecology of fear and inverted biomass pyramids

Oikos ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 787-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret A. Malone ◽  
Abdel H. Halloway ◽  
Joel S. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Ecology Of Fear

Trophic Cascades in Grasslands

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Wilsey
Keyword(s):  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Herbaceous Plant ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Temperate Grasslands ◽  
Cascading Effect ◽  
Top Predators ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Ecology Of Fear

Top predators have effects that can ‘cascade down’ on lower trophic levels. Because of this cascading effect, it matters how many trophic levels are present. Predators are either ‘sit and wait’ or ‘active’. Wolves are top predators in temperate grasslands and can alter species composition of smaller-sized predators, prey, and woody and herbaceous plant species, either through direct effects or indirect effects (‘Ecology of Fear’). In human derived grasslands, invertebrate predators fill a similar ecological role as wolves. Migrating populations of herbivores tend to be more limited by food than non-migratory populations. The phenology and synchrony of births vary among prey species in a way that is consistent with an adaptation to predation. Precocious species have highly synchronous birth dates to satiate predators. Non-precocious species (‘hiders’) have asynchronous births. Results from studies that manipulate both predators and food support the hypothesis that bottom-up and top-down effects interact.

scholarly journals An applied ecology of fear framework: linking theory to conservation practice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Gaynor ◽  
Michael J. Cherry ◽  
Sophie L. Gilbert ◽  
Michel T. Kohl ◽  
Courtney L. Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Practice ◽  
Applied Ecology ◽  
Ecology Of Fear

scholarly journals Wolves and the Ecology of Fear: Can Predation Risk Structure Ecosystems?

BioScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 54 (8) ◽  
pp. 755 ◽  
Author(s):  
WILLIAM J. RIPPLE ◽  
ROBERT L. BESCHTA
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Ecology Of Fear

scholarly journals The Ecology of Fear: Optimal Foraging, Game Theory, and Trophic Interactions

1999 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Brown ◽  
J. W. Laundre ◽  
M. Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Trophic Interactions ◽  
Optimal Foraging ◽  
Ecology Of Fear

scholarly journals Ecology of fear

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (9) ◽  
pp. R309-R313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liana Y. Zanette ◽  
Michael Clinchy
Keyword(s):  
Ecology Of Fear

Parasites, info-disruption, and the ecology of fear

Oecologia ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 159 (2) ◽  
pp. 447-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason R. Rohr ◽  
Autumn Swan ◽  
Thomas R. Raffel ◽  
Peter J. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Ecology Of Fear

Risinghill and the Ecology of Fear

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Limond
Keyword(s):  
Ecology Of Fear
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