Early plant development depends on embryo damage location: the role of seed size in partial seed predation

Oikos ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 129 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramón Perea ◽  
G. Wilson Fernandes ◽  
Rodolfo Dirzo
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
Damage Location

scholarly journals The Central Role of PhEIN2 in Ethylene Responses throughout Plant Development in Petunia

2004 ◽  
Vol 136 (2) ◽  
pp. 2900-2912 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenichi Shibuya ◽  
Kristin G. Barry ◽  
Joseph A. Ciardi ◽  
Holly M. Loucas ◽  
Beverly A. Underwood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development

scholarly journals Role of Papain-Like Cysteine Proteases in Plant Development

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huijuan Liu ◽  
Menghui Hu ◽  
Qi Wang ◽  
Lin Cheng ◽  
Zaibao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Cysteine Proteases

scholarly journals Mediterranean Heathland as a Key Habitat for Fire Adaptations: Evidence from an Experimental Approach

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 748
Author(s):  
Susana Gómez-González ◽  
Maria Paniw ◽  
Mario Durán ◽  
Sergio Picó ◽  
Irene Martín-Rodríguez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Mediterranean Basin ◽  
Fire Ecology ◽  
Mediterranean Region ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Fire Adaptations ◽  
The Mediterranean ◽  
The Mediterranean Basin

Some fire ecology studies that have focused on garrigue-like vegetation suggest a weak selective pressure of fire in the Mediterranean Basin compared to other Mediterranean-type regions. However, fire-prone Mediterranean heathland from the western end of the Mediterranean Basin has been frequently ignored in the fire ecology literature despite its high proportion of pyrogenic species. Here, we explore the evolutionary ecology of seed traits in the generalist rockrose Cistus salviifolius L. (Cistaceae) aiming to ascertain the role of the Mediterranean heathland for fire adaptations in the Mediterranean Region. We performed a germination experiment to compare the relationship of seed size to (i) heat-stimulated germination, (ii) dormancy strength, and (iii) heat survival in plants from ‘high-fire’ heathland vs. ‘low-fire’ coastal shrubland. Germination after heat-shock treatment was higher in large seeds of both ‘high-fire’ and ‘low-fire’ habitats. However, dormancy was weaker in small seeds from ‘low-fire’ habitats. Finally, seed survival to heat shock was positively related to seed size. Our results support that seed size is an adaptive trait to fire in C. salviifolius, since larger seeds had stronger dormancy, higher heat-stimulated germination and were more resistant to heat shock. This seed size–fire relationship was tighter in ‘high-fire’ Mediterranean heathland than ‘low-fire’ coastal shrubland, indicating the existence of differential fire pressures and evolutionary trends at the landscape scale. These findings highlight the Mediterranean heathland as a relevant habitat for fire-driven evolution, thus contributing to better understand the role of fire in plant evolution within the Mediterranean region.

scholarly journals What is the role of sporadic phloem sap nitrate?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Cui ◽  
Andreas D. Peuke ◽  
Anis Limami ◽  
Guillaume Tcherkez
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Cycling ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Nutrient Transport ◽  
Substantial Evidence ◽  
Phloem Sap ◽  
Essential Component

Since the first description of phloem sap composition nearly 60 years ago, it is generally assumed that phloem sap does not contain nitrate and that there is little or no backflow of nitrate from shoots to roots. While it is true that nitrate can occasionally be absent from phloem sap, there is now substantial evidence that phloem can carry nitrate and furthermore, transporters involved in nitrate redistribution to shoot sink organs and roots have been found. This raises the question of why nitrate may or may not be present in phloem sap, why its concentration is generally kept low, and whether plant shoot-root nutrient cycling also involves nitrate. We propose here that phloem sap nitrate is not only an essential component of plant nutritional signaling but also contributes to physical properties of phloem sap and as such, its concentration is controlled to ensure proper coordination of plant development and nutrient transport.

Programmed Cell Death in Plants: Insights Into developmental and Stress-Induced Cell Death

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heba T. Ebeed ◽  
Ahmed A. El-helely
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Programmed Cell Death ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Molecular Basis ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
Similar Form ◽  
Cellular Homeostasis ◽  
Endogenous Factors ◽  
Selective Elimination

: Programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental genetically controlled process in most organisms. PCD is responsible for the selective elimination of damaged or unwanted cells and organs to maintain cellular homeostasis during the organ’s development under normal conditions as well as during defense or adaptation to stressful conditions. PCD pathways have been extensively studied in animals. In plants, studies focusing on understanding the pathways of PCD have advanced significantly. However, the knowledge about the molecular basis of PCD is still very limited. Some PCD pathways that have been discovered in animals are not present in plants or found with a similar form. PCD in plants is developmentally controlled (by endogenous factors) to function in organ development and differentiations as well as environmentally induced (by exogenous stimuli) to help the plant in surviving under stress conditions. Here, we present a review of the role of PCD in plant development and explore different examples of stress-induced PCD as well as highlight the main differences between the plant and animal PCD.

scholarly journals Dual role of the active site ‘lid’ regions of protochlorophyllide oxidoreductase in photocatalysis and plant development

FEBS Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 288 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-189
Author(s):  
Shaowei Zhang ◽  
Alan R. F. Godwin ◽  
Aoife Taylor ◽  
Samantha J. O. Hardman ◽  
Thomas A. Jowitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Development ◽  
Active Site ◽  
Dual Role ◽  
Protochlorophyllide Oxidoreductase

Plant glutathione peroxidases: Emerging role of the antioxidant enzymes in plant development and stress responses

2015 ◽  
Vol 176 ◽  
pp. 192-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krisztina Bela ◽  
Edit Horváth ◽  
Ágnes Gallé ◽  
László Szabados ◽  
Irma Tari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Stress Responses ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidases

Weevil seed damage reduces germination and seedling growth of hybrid American chestnut

2012 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1107-1114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harmony J. Dalgleish ◽  
John T. Shukle ◽  
Robert K. Swihart
Keyword(s):  
Seed Size ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Seed Predation ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Test Method ◽  
American Chestnut ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Ray Method ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Damage Level

Seed predation by weevils (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) has been implicated as a limiting factor in oak recruitment throughout eastern US forests. We examined the effects of weevil seed predation on American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.). Although an introduced pathogen eradicated sexually reproducing populations of American chestnut in the early 1900s, the recent development of a blight-resistant hybrid makes reintroduction feasible. We nondestructively assessed the amount of weevil damage to seeds using X-ray imagery and traditional float test methods in American and blight-resistant hybrid chestnut. We quantified the effects of weevil damage on seed germination and seedling growth. The float test method misidentified damage for up to 50% of seeds, whereas the X-ray method misidentified only 3% of the sample. Germination declined with damage: the smallest damage level reduced germination from 94% to 32%. No seeds with >50% damage germinated. Weevil damage reduced seedling growth by 50% compared with undamaged seeds. Seedling size increased with seed size, but seed size had no effect on germination. Our results highlight the importance of orchard and seed processing practices that prevent weevil damage to chestnut seeds. Because they drastically reduce germination rates and seedling growth, weevils have the potential to limit seed regeneration and dampen rates of spread in populations following reintroduction.

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