Population fragmentation drives up genetic diversity in signals of individual identity

Calvin Dytham; Michael D. F. Thom

doi:10.1111/oik.06743

Genetic diversity of the declining arable plantCentaurea cyanus: population fragmentation within an agricultural landscape is not associated with enhanced spatial genetic structure

Weed Research ◽

10.1111/wre.12087 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 54 (5) ◽

pp. 436-444 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

V Le Corre ◽

S Bellanger ◽

J-P Guillemin ◽

H Darmency

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Structure ◽

Agricultural Landscape ◽

Spatial Genetic Structure ◽

Population Fragmentation

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Signal function drives phenotypic and genetic diversity: the effects of signalling individual identity, quality or behavioural strategy

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2016.0347 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 372 (1724) ◽

pp. 20160347 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Tibbetts ◽

Sean P. Mullen ◽

James Dale

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Genetic Architecture ◽

Individual Identity ◽

Signal Function ◽

Phenotypic Properties ◽

Animal Coloration ◽

Behavioural Strategy ◽

Evolutionary Consequences ◽

Perception Function ◽

Phenotypic And Genetic Diversity

Animal coloration is influenced by selection pressures associated with communication. During communication, signallers display traits that inform receivers and modify receiver behaviour in ways that benefit signallers. Here, we discuss how selection on signallers to convey different kinds of information influences animal phenotypes and genotypes. Specifically, we address the phenotypic and genetic consequences of communicating three different kinds of information: individual identity, behavioural strategy and quality. Previous work has shown signals that convey different kinds of information differ in terms of the (i) type of selection acting on signallers (e.g. directional, stabilizing, or negative frequency dependent), and (ii) developmental basis of signals (i.e. heritability, genetic architecture). These differences result in signals that convey different information having consistently different phenotypic properties, including the amount, modality and continuity of intraspecific variation. Understanding how communication influences animal phenotypes may allow researchers to quickly identify putative functions of colour variation prior to experimentation. Signals that convey different information will also have divergent evolutionary consequences. For example, signalling individual identity can increase genetic diversity, signalling quality may decrease diversity, and signalling strategy can constrain adaptation and contribute to speciation. Considering recent advances in genomic resources, our framework highlights new opportunities to resolve the evolutionary consequences of selection on communication across diverse taxa and signal types. This article is part of the themed issue ‘Animal coloration: production, perception, function and application’.

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Genetic diversity of the great bustard in Iberia and Morocco: risks from current population fragmentation

Conservation Genetics ◽

10.1007/s10592-008-9605-2 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 379-390 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Juan C. Alonso ◽

Carlos A. Martín ◽

Javier A. Alonso ◽

Carlos Palacín ◽

Marina Magaña ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Population Fragmentation ◽

Great Bustard ◽

Current Population

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Differential breeding practices drive subpopulation differentiation and contribute to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15717/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Lampi ◽

Jonas Donner ◽

Heidi Anderson ◽

Jaakko L. O. Pohjoismäki

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Snp Array ◽

Population Fragmentation ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Key Drivers ◽

Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽

Subpopulation Differentiation

Abstract Background Discrete breed ideals are not restricted to delimiting dog breeds from another, but also are key drivers of subpopulation differentiation. As genetic differentiation due to population fragmentation results in increased rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, detecting and alleviating the reasons of population fragmentation can provide effective tools for the maintenance of healthy dog breeds. Results Using a genome wide SNP array, we detected genetic differentiation to subpopulations in six breeds, Belgian Shepherd, English Greyhound, Finnish Lapphund, Italian Greyhound, Labrador Retriever and Shetland Sheepdog, either due to geographical isolation or as a result of differential breeding strategies. The subpopulation differentiation was strongest in show dog lineages. Conclusions Besides geographical differentiation caused by founder effect and lack of gene flow, selection on champion looks or restricted pedigrees is a strong driver of population fragmentation. Artificial barriers for gene flow between the different subpopulations should be recognized and abolished for the maintenance of genetic diversity within a breed.

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Variation in breeding practices and geographic isolation drive subpopulation differentiation, contributing to the loss of genetic diversity within dog breed lineages

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15717/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sara Lampi ◽

Jonas Donner ◽

Heidi Anderson ◽

Jaakko L. O. Pohjoismäki

Keyword(s):

Genetic Diversity ◽

Gene Flow ◽

Genetic Differentiation ◽

Association Studies ◽

Genome Wide Association Studies ◽

Population Fragmentation ◽

Genome Wide ◽

A Genome ◽

Loss Of Genetic Diversity ◽

Subpopulation Differentiation

Abstract Background: Discrete breed ideals are not restricted to delimiting dog breeds from another, but also are key drivers of subpopulation differentiation. As genetic differentiation due to population fragmentation results in increased rates of inbreeding and loss of genetic diversity, detecting and alleviating the reasons of population fragmentation can provide effective tools for the maintenance of healthy dog breeds. Results: Using a genome wide SNP array, we detected genetic differentiation to subpopulations in six breeds, Belgian Shepherd, English Greyhound, Finnish Lapphund, Italian Greyhound, Labrador Retriever and Shetland Sheepdog, either due to geographical isolation or as a result of differential breeding strategies. The subpopulation differentiation was strongest in show dog lineages.Conclusions: Besides geographical differentiation caused by founder effect and lack of gene flow, selection on champion looks or restricted pedigrees is a strong driver of population fragmentation. Artificial barriers for gene flow between the different subpopulations should be recognized, their necessity evaluated critically and perhaps abolished in order to maintain genetic diversity within a breed. Subpopulation differentiation might also result in false positive signals in genome-wide association studies of different traits.Lay summary: Purebred dogs are, by definition, reproductively isolated from other breeds. However, similar isolation can also occur within a breed due to conflicting breeder ideals and geographic distances between the dog populations. We show here that both of these examples can contribute to breed division, with subsequent loss of genetic variation in the resulting breed lineages. Breeders should avoid creating unnecessary boundaries between breed lineages and facilitate the exchange of dogs between countries.

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