Pre-dispersal context and presence of opposite sex modulate density dependence and sex bias of dispersal

Oikos ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 127 (11) ◽  
pp. 1596-1604 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Sudipta Tung ◽  
V. R. Shree Sruti ◽  
Mohammed Aamir Sadiq ◽  
Sahana Srivathsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Density Dependence ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Opposite Sex

scholarly journals The APOE4 allele shows opposite sex bias in microbleeds and Alzheimer's disease of humans and mice

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 47-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mafalda Cacciottolo ◽  
Amy Christensen ◽  
Alexandra Moser ◽  
Jiahui Liu ◽  
Christian J. Pike ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Apoe4 Allele ◽  
Opposite Sex

A domain-specific opposite-sex bias in human preferences for manipulated voice pitch

2010 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benedict C. Jones ◽  
David R. Feinberg ◽  
Lisa M. DeBruine ◽  
Anthony C. Little ◽  
Jovana Vukovic
Keyword(s):  
Sex Bias ◽  
Voice Pitch ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Opposite Sex

Sibling Sex Distribution and Psychiatric Status

1966 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-366
Author(s):  
Mary Lou Bauer ◽  
Howard J. Ehrlich
Keyword(s):  
Sex Bias ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Sex Distribution ◽  
Psychiatric Status ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Negative Outcome

High psychiatric impairment was found to be differentially distributed among sibship types by sex, with females from opposite sex sibships and males from same sex sibships being most impaired. For both sexes, the mixed sex sibships had the most negative outcome at the conclusion of therapy, although differences were small. Control analyses indicated that sex is not independently related to any given measure of psychiatric impairment or outcome, nor is there any sex bias in the direction of high or low impairment when sibship type is controlled. Thus, the differences in psychiatric status observed in these data appear to be associated with the combination of sex and sibling sex distribution.

scholarly journals Pre-dispersal conditions and presence of opposite sex modulate density dependence and sex bias of dispersal

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhishek Mishra ◽  
Sudipta Tung ◽  
V.R. Shree Sruti ◽  
Mohammed Aamir Sadiq ◽  
Sahana Srivathsa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Adult Density ◽  
Evolutionary Rescue ◽  
Laboratory Populations ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
Evolutionary Consequences ◽  
Density Dependent Dispersal

ABSTRACTDensity-dependent dispersal (DDD) has been demonstrated in many species and has several ecological and evolutionary consequences. Yet we know little about how robust DDD is to the various conditions experienced by individuals. In this study, we use three independent experiments on laboratory populations of Drosophila melanogaster to examine the effects of pre-dispersal adult density, sex of the dispersers and presence of mates on the robustness of DDD patterns. We show that DDD can be greatly affected by both pre-dispersal density and interaction between the sexes. Moreover, the direction of sex-biased dispersal can reverse completely due to an interaction between the pre-dispersal and dispersal densities. We also show that interaction between the sexes can lead to negative DDD at the population level, even if, by themselves, neither sex exhibits DDD. Finally, we discuss potential implications of our results for processes like evolutionary rescue from extinctions and genetic divergence of populations.

An Investigation of Sex-Bias in Classroom Teachers' Speech and Language Referrals

1980 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 169-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Marie Silverman ◽  
Katherine Van Opens
Keyword(s):  
School Districts ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Sex Bias ◽  
Classroom Teachers ◽  
Communication Disorder ◽  
Primary Procedure ◽  
Teacher Referrals ◽  
Grade Classroom

Kindergarten through sixth grade classroom teachers in four school districts completed questionnaires designed to determine whether they would be more likely to refer a boy than a girl with an identical communication disorder. The teachers were found to be equally likely to refer a girl as a boy who presented a disorder of articulation, language, or voice, but they were more likely to refer a boy for speech-language remediation who presented the disorder of stuttering. The tendency for the teachers to allow the sex of a child to influence their likelihood of referral for stuttering remediation, to overlook a sizeable percentage of children with chronic voice disorders, and to be somewhat inaccurate generally in their referrals suggests that teacher referrals are best used as an adjunct to screening rather than as a primary procedure to locate children with communication disorders.

A New Technique to Measure the Level of Interest Using Heartbeat-Evoked Brain Potential

2021 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-22
Author(s):  
Kohei Fuseda ◽  
Jun’ichi Katayama
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Random Order ◽  
Overt Response ◽  
Brain Potential ◽  
Probe Technique ◽  
Dynamic Stimuli ◽  
Attentional Resources ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
A New Technique ◽  
Task Irrelevant

Abstract. Interest is a positive emotion related to attention. The event-related brain potential (ERP) probe technique is a useful method to evaluate the level of interest in dynamic stimuli. However, even in the irrelevant probe technique, the probe is presented as a physical stimulus and steals the observer’s attentional resources, although no overt response is required. Therefore, the probe might become a problematic distractor, preventing deep immersion of participants. Heartbeat-evoked brain potential (HEP) is a brain activity, time-locked to a cardiac event. No probe is required to obtain HEP data. Thus, we aimed to investigate whether the HEP can be used to evaluate the level of interest. Twenty-four participants (12 males and 12 females) watched attractive and unattractive individuals of the opposite sex in interesting and uninteresting videos (7 min each), respectively. We performed two techniques each for both the interesting and the uninteresting videos: the ERP probe and the HEP techniques. In the former, somatosensory stimuli were presented as task-irrelevant probes while participants watched videos: frequent (80%) and infrequent (20%) stimuli were presented at each wrist in random order. In the latter, participants watched videos without the probe. The P2 amplitude in response to the somatosensory probe was smaller and the positive wave amplitudes of HEP were larger while watching the videos of attractive individuals than while watching the videos of unattractive ones. These results indicate that the HEP technique is a useful method to evaluate the level of interest without an external probe stimulus.

The Two Components of Social Desirability and their Relations to Resting Frontal Brain Asymmetry

2005 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cornelia A. Pauls ◽  
Jan Wacker ◽  
Nicolas W. Crost
Keyword(s):  
Impression Management ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Hemispheric Asymmetry ◽  
Incentive Motivation ◽  
Blink Rate ◽  
Frontal Brain ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Opposite Sex ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Α Band

Abstract. The aim of the present study was to investigate the relationships between resting frontal hemispheric asymmetry (FHA) in the low α band (8-10.25 Hz) and the two components of socially desirable responding, i.e., self-deceptive enhancement (SDE) and impression management (IM), in an opposite-sex encounter. In addition, Big Five facets, self-reports of emotion, and spontaneous eye blink rate (BR), a noninvasive indicator of functional dopamine activity, were assessed. SDE as well as IM were related to relatively greater right-than-left activity in the low α band (i.e., relative left frontal activation; LFA) and to self-reported positive affect (PA), but only SDE was related to BR. We hypothesized that two independent types of motivational approach tendencies underlie individual differences in FHA and PA: affiliative motivation represented by IM and agentic incentive motivation represented by SDE. Whereas the relationship between SDE and PA was mediated by BR, the relationship between SDE and FHA was not.

Discrimination or favoritism? Sex bias in book reviews.

1978 ◽  
Vol 33 (10) ◽  
pp. 936-938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Moore
Keyword(s):  
Sex Bias
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