scholarly journals Disentangling the relative importance of species occurrence, abundance and intraspecific variability in community assembly: a trait-based approach at the whole-plant level in Mediterranean forests

Oikos ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enrique G. de la Riva ◽  
Ignacio M. Pérez-Ramos ◽  
Ambra Tosto ◽  
Carmen M. Navarro-Fernández ◽  
Manuel Olmo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Assembly ◽  
Intraspecific Variability ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Species Occurrence ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level

Common Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium) Resistance to Selected ALS-Inhibiting Herbicides

1997 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy L. Sprague ◽  
Edward W. Stoller ◽  
Loyd M. Wax
Keyword(s):  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Xanthium Strumarium ◽  
Laboratory Studies ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level

Five biotypes of common cocklebur that were not controlled with acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides were tested in greenhouse and laboratory studies to determine the magnitude of resistance and cross-resistance to four ALS-inhibiting herbicides. In vivo inhibition of ALS was also evaluated. Based on phytotoxicity, all five ALS-resistant biotypes of common cocklebur were > 390 times more resistant than the susceptible biotype to imazethapyr. However, only four of these biotypes were also resistant to another imidazolinone, imazaquin. Two biotypes were cross-resistant to the sulfonylurea, chlorimuron, and the triazolopyrimidine sulfonanilide, NAF-75. One biotype demonstrated intermediate susceptibility to imazaquin, chlorimuron, and NAF-75. In all cases, the resistance exhibited at the whole plant level was associated with an insensitive ALS.

Sucrose Transporter Gene AtSUC4 Responds to Drought Stress by Regulating the Sucrose Distribution and Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana

2013 ◽  
Vol 765-767 ◽  
pp. 2971-2975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Gong ◽  
Ming Li Liu ◽  
Li Jun Zhang ◽  
Wei Liu ◽  
Che Wang
Keyword(s):  
Arabidopsis Thaliana ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Homozygous Mutation ◽  
Transporter Gene ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Sucrose Transporters ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Stress Tolerance ◽  
Plant Level

Sucrose transporters (SUCs or SUTs) are considered as the important carriers and responsible for the loading, unloading and distribution of sucrose, but at present there is no report that SUCs are involved in sucrose distribution and metabolism under drought stress at the whole-plant level. AtSUC4, as the unique member of SUT4-clade inArabidopsis thaliana, may be important for plant stress tolerance. Here, by analyzing two homozygous mutation lines ofAtSUC4(Atsuc4-1andAtsuc4-2), we found drought stress induced higher sucrose, lower fructose and glucose contents in shoots, and lower sucrose, higher fructose and glucose contents in roots of these mutants compared with the wild-type (WT), leading to an imbalance of sucrose distribution, fructose and glucose (sucrose metabolites) accumulation changes at the whole-plant level. Thus we believe thatAtSUC4regulates sucrose distribution and metabolism in response to drought stress.

scholarly journals Assembly processes of gastropod community change with horizontal and vertical zonation in ancient Lake Ohrid: a metacommunity speciation perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2901-2911 ◽  
Author(s):  
Torsten Hauffe ◽  
Christian Albrecht ◽  
Thomas Wilke
Keyword(s):  
Community Composition ◽  
Community Assembly ◽  
Environmental Filtering ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Species Interaction ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Lake Depth ◽  
Ancient Lake ◽  
Lake Ohrid ◽  
Speciation Model

Abstract. The Balkan Lake Ohrid is the oldest and most diverse freshwater lacustrine system in Europe. However, it remains unclear whether species community composition, as well as the diversification of its endemic taxa, is mainly driven by dispersal limitation, environmental filtering, or species interaction. This calls for a holistic perspective involving both evolutionary processes and ecological dynamics, as provided by the unifying framework of the “metacommunity speciation model”.The current study used the species-rich model taxon Gastropoda to assess how extant communities in Lake Ohrid are structured by performing process-based metacommunity analyses. Specifically, the study aimed (1) to identifying the relative importance of the three community assembly processes and (2) to test whether the importance of these individual processes changes gradually with lake depth or discontinuously with eco-zone shifts.Based on automated eco-zone detection and process-specific simulation steps, we demonstrated that dispersal limitation had the strongest influence on gastropod community composition. However, it was not the exclusive assembly process, but acted together with the other two processes – environmental filtering and species interaction. The relative importance of the community assembly processes varied both with lake depth and eco-zones, though the processes were better predicted by the latter.This suggests that environmental characteristics have a pronounced effect on shaping gastropod communities via assembly processes. Moreover, the study corroborated the high importance of dispersal limitation for both maintaining species richness in Lake Ohrid (through its impact on community composition) and generating endemic biodiversity (via its influence on diversification processes). However, according to the metacommunity speciation model, the inferred importance of environmental filtering and biotic interaction also suggests a small but significant influence of ecological speciation. These findings contribute to the main goal of the Scientific Collaboration on Past Speciation Conditions in Lake Ohrid (SCOPSCO) deep drilling initiative – inferring the drivers of biotic evolution – and might provide an integrative perspective on biological and limnological dynamics in ancient Lake Ohrid.

scholarly journals New insight into how thigmomorphogenesis affects Epipremnum aureum plant development

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 330-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adalberto Di Benedetto ◽  
Claudio Galmarini ◽  
Jorge Tognetti
Keyword(s):  
Growth Promotion ◽  
Rooted Cuttings ◽  
Climbing Plants ◽  
Combination Treatments ◽  
Run Off ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Epipremnum Aureum ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Plant Level

ABSTRACT Climbing Epipremnum aureum plants develop larger leaves than unsupported, hanging plants. This effect may be regarded, in part, as a thigmomorphogenic response, but gravimorphogenetic effect may also be involved, since polar auxin transport is known to be negatively affected in plants with horizontal or hanging stems, which may result in an altered hormone balance at the whole plant level. The present work was aimed at studying how exogenous auxins and cytokinins may influence growth of E. aureum rooted cuttings under different training systems. Rooted cuttings of E. aureum were cultivated either climbing on an upright wooden board or creeping on the glasshouse bench or hanging from a basket. All leaves of each plant were sprayed to run-off at sunset with four indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) doses 7 days after transplanting and one week later, with four benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations, rendering 16 hormone combination treatments. The application of IAA or BAP at 50 mg L-1 to creeping and hanging plants significantly promoted growth but, in climbing plants, a negative effect was generally observed. Changes in net assimilation and photosynthetic rates, together with modified allometric coefficients, accounted for these responses. The higher growth promotion by exogenous growth regulators observed in creeping or hanging plants compared to climbing plants, may be interpreted mostly as a gravimorphogenetic response.

scholarly journals Effects of Supplemental Cations on Growth and Nitrogen Accumulation in Canna indica L.

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manutsawan Manokieng ◽  
◽  
Arunothai Jampeetong ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Constructed Wetlands ◽  
Nitrate Removal ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Total Biomass ◽  
Canna Indica ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Stimulate Plant Growth ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Mineral Accumulation

Abstract The effects of supplemental cations on growth, nitrogen, and mineral accumulation were assessed in Canna indica L. Similar sized 45 days-old plants were grown on a nutrient solution modified from Hoagland and Arnon (1950). The different cations were added to generate 6 treatments (n=4): (i) control (no cation added), (ii) 2.5 mM K+, (iii) 2.5 mM Ca2+, (iv) 75 mM Na+, (v) 1.25 mM K+ + 1.25 mM Ca2+ and (vi) 2.5 mM Ca2+ + 75 mM Na+, respectively. An experiment was carried out in the greenhouse for 49 days. The study found that supplemental K+ and K++ Ca2+ increased plant growth and total biomass. The highest SER was found in plants receiving supplemental K+. In contrast, SERs, leaf areas, and total biomass decreased in Na+ or Na++Ca2+ supplemented plants. The accumulated NO3- concentration (at the whole plant level) was also highest in the plants with supplemental K+ and K++Ca2+. The total nitrogen accumulation was higher in the K+, Ca2+, and K++Ca2+ supplemented plants than in the control plants. The results suggest that supplemental cations particularly K+ can enhance plant growth and nitrogen accumulation in C. indica. Therefore, cation supplementation could be an alternative technique to stimulate plant growth and improve nitrate removal in constructed wetlands. Keywords: Constructed wetland, Nitrate removal, Potassium, Tropical wetland plants

scholarly journals Uncovering Trait Associations Resulting in Maximal Seed Yield in Winter and Spring Oilseed Rape

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Siles ◽  
Kirsty L. Hassall ◽  
Cristina Sanchis Gritsch ◽  
Peter J. Eastmond ◽  
Smita Kurup
Keyword(s):  
Oilseed Rape ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Complex Trait ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Phenotypic Traits ◽  
Oilseed Crop ◽  
Crop Species ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level

Seed yield is a complex trait for many crop species including oilseed rape (OSR) (Brassica napus), the second most important oilseed crop worldwide. Studies have focused on the contribution of distinct factors in seed yield such as environmental cues, agronomical practices, growth conditions, or specific phenotypic traits at the whole plant level, such as number of pods in a plant. However, how female reproductive traits contribute to whole plant level traits, and hence to seed yield, has been largely ignored. Here, we describe the combined contribution of 33 phenotypic traits within a B. napus diversity set population and their trade-offs at the whole plant and organ level, along with their interaction with plant level traits. Our results revealed that both Winter OSR (WOSR) and Spring OSR (SOSR); the two more economically important OSR groups in terms of oil production; share a common dominant reproductive strategy for seed yield. In this strategy, the main inflorescence is the principal source of seed yield, producing a good number of ovules, a large number of long pods with a concomitantly high number of seeds per pod. Moreover, we observed that WOSR opted for additional reproductive strategies than SOSR, presenting more plasticity to maximise seed yield. Overall, we conclude that OSR adopts a key strategy to ensure maximal seed yield and propose an ideal ideotype highlighting crucial phenotypic traits that could be potential targets for breeding.

scholarly journals Αναπρογραμματισμός του μεταβολισμού του Lotus japonicus σε μεταγραφικό, βιοχημικό και μεταβολομικό επίπεδο κατά τη συμβιωτική αζωτοδέσμευση

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χρυσάνθη Καλλονιάτη
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Molecular And Biochemical Mechanisms

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes takes place in specialized organs called nodules,which become the main source of assimilated nitrogen for the whole plant. Symbiotic nitro‐gen fixation requires exquisite integration of plant and bacterial metabolism and involvesglobal changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation in both rhizobia and thehost plant. In order to study the metabolic changes mediated by symbiotic nitrogen fixationon a whole‐plant level, metabolite levels were profiled by gas chromatography–mass spec‐trometry in nodules and non‐symbiotic organs of Lotus japonicus plants uninoculated or in‐oculated with M. loti wt,  ΔnifA or  ΔnifH fix‐ strains. Furthermore, transcriptomic andbiochemical approaches were combined to study sulfur metabolism in nodules, its link tosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, and the effect of nodules on whole‐plant sulfur partitioning andmetabolism. It is well established that nitrogen and sulfur (S) metabolism are tightly en‐twined and sulfur is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, however, little is known aboutthe molecular and biochemical mechanisms governing sulfur uptake and assimilation duringsymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcript profiling in Lotus japonicus was combined with quan‐tification of S‐metabolite contents and APR activity in nodules and in non‐symbiotic organsof plants uninoculated or inoculated with M. loti wt, ΔnifA or ΔnifH fix‐ strains. Moreover,sulfate uptake and its distribution into different plant organs were analyzed and 35S‐flux intodifferent S‐pools was monitored. Metabolite profiling revealed that symbiotic nitrogen fixa‐tion results in dramatic changes of many aspects of primary and secondary metabolism innodules which leads to global reprogramming of metabolism of the model legume on awhole‐plant level. Moreover, our data revealed that nitrogen fixing nodules represent athiol‐rich organ. Their high APR activity and 35S‐flux into cysteine and its metabolites in com‐bination with the transcriptional up‐regulation of several genes involved in sulfur assimila‐tion highlight the function of nodules as a new site of sulfur assimilation. The higher thiolcontent observed in non‐symbiotic organs of nitrogen fixing plants in comparison touninoculated plants cannot be attributed to local biosynthesis, indicating that nodules couldserve as a novel source of reduced sulfur for the plant, which triggers whole‐plant repro‐gramming of sulfur metabolism. Interestingly, the changes in metabolite profiling and theenhanced thiol biosynthesis in nodules and their impact on the whole‐plant sulfur, carbonand nitrogen economy are dampened in fix‐ plants, which in most respects metabolically re‐sembled uninoculated plants, indicating a strong interaction between nitrogen fixation andsulfur and carbon metabolism.

scholarly journals Gas exchange at whole plant level shows that a less conservative water use is linked to a higher performance in three ecologically distinct pine species

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 045004 ◽  
Author(s):  
D Salazar-Tortosa ◽  
J Castro ◽  
R Rubio de Casas ◽  
B Viñegla ◽  
E P Sánchez-Cañete ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Water Use ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Pine Species
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