Long-term study of root biomass in a biodiversity experiment reveals shifts in diversity effects over time

Oikos ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 123 (12) ◽  
pp. 1528-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janneke M. Ravenek ◽  
Holger Bessler ◽  
Christof Engels ◽  
Michael Scherer-Lorenzen ◽  
Arthur Gessler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Biomass ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Diversity Effects ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals Spread parameters of the borer Xylotrechus Arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in a ‘Tempranillo’ vineyard in La Rioja (Spain): A long-term study

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 148-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ocete ◽  
Ignacio Armendáriz ◽  
Carlos A. Ocete ◽  
Lara Maistrello ◽  
José M. Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Bimodal Distribution ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Progressive Decline ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Spread Parameters ◽  
La Rioja ◽  
Over Time

Xylotrechus arvicola (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is a polyphagous xylophagous beetle that is becoming a pest of increasing importance for vineyards in Spain, also because of the wood fungi developing in the galleries excavated by its larvae, which cause a progressive decline of the affected grapevines, until death. Between 1993 and 2015, a survey of the infestation caused by X. arvicola and the symptoms caused by pathogenic wood fungi was performed in a ‘Tempranillo’ variety vineyard in La Rioja region (Spain). Maps showing the overtime spread of the borer and the diffusion of symptoms of grapevine decline and Eutypa dieback were obtained. Results indicated that the borer colonization began in the centre of the plot, followed by the first symptoms caused by the wood fungi a few years later. The statistical analysis showed that the evolution of infestation is characterized by a linear increase of new holes whereas the pattern of their allocation in the vines follows a bimodal distribution which, to some extent, can be simulated by a Poisson’s model. Based on these observations, a methodology to estimate the state of the infestation over time is proposed. The procedure - based on a linear regression of the average number of holes per vine over a set of years - can be applied in a relatively simple way and provides the probability for a grapevine to have a certain number of exit holes in a definite year with a mean error of around 5%.

A long-term study of the effects of housing conditions on the welfare of domestic pigs

1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 ◽  
pp. 86-86
Author(s):  
M. Mendl ◽  
D.M. Broom ◽  
A.J. Zanella
Keyword(s):  
Early Life ◽  
Group Housing ◽  
Housing Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Alternative Systems ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Over Time

In view of the forthcoming UK ban on stall and tether housing for sows, the long-term consequences of housing pregnant pigs in alternative systems were assessed. The objective of the study was to examine the effects of two indoor group-housing systems on measures of the welfare of pregnant pigs, and to compare pigs housed in these systems with pigs housed in stalls. The study followed 63 female pigs from early life until their fourth pregnancy. A longitudinal experimental design was used to obtain information on how the pigs responded to their initial introduction to the three housing systems (during the first pregnancy), and how they adjusted to the systems over time (in the fourth pregnancy).

A Life-Theme Method for Scoring of Interviews in the Longitudinal Study of Young Business Managers

1967 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph F. Rychlak ◽  
Douglas W. Bray
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Business Management ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Scoring Method ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Over Time

Longitudinal studies of adult development are reviewed preceding the description of the Management Progress Study, a long-term study of young men in business management. A method for scoring the “life themes” revealed in the lengthy annual interviews with Ss is presented. The nine themes are occupational, ego-functional, financial-acquisitive, locale-residential, marital-familial, parental-familial, recreational-social, religious-humanism, and service. Illustrative results show trends in these themes for individuals and groups over a seven-year period. The scoring method will be applied to the several hundred cases in the Study to illuminate interrelations over time of the life themes with job environment and performance, assessment center evaluations of these Ss, and medical findings

Female and male song exhibit both parallel and divergent patterns of cultural evolution: A long-term study of song structure and diversity in tropical wrens

The Auk ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brendan A Graham ◽  
Daniel D Heath ◽  
Daniel J Mennill
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Cultural Evolution ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Song Types ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Animal culture changes over time through processes that include drift, immigration, selection, and innovation. Cultural change has been particularly well-studied for animal vocalizations, especially for the vocalizations of male animals in the temperate zone. Here we examine the cultural change in the vocalizations of tropical Rufous-and-white Wrens (Thryophilus rufalbus), quantifying temporal variation in song structure, song type diversity, and population-level distribution of song types in both males and females. We use data from 10 microsatellite loci to quantify patterns of immigration and neutral genetic differentiation over time, to investigate whether cultural diversity changes with rates of immigration. Based on 11 yr of data, we show that the spectro-temporal features of several widely-used persistent song types maintain a relatively high level of consistency for both males and females, whereas the distribution and frequency of particular song types change over time for both sexes. Males and females exhibit comparable levels of cultural diversity (i.e. the diversity of song types across the population), although females exhibit greater rates of cultural change over time. We found that female changes in cultural diversity increased when immigration is high, whereas male cultural diversity did not change with immigration. Our study is the first long-term study to explore cultural evolution for both male and female birds and suggests that cultural patterns exhibit notable differences between the sexes.

The practice of preparation for complex negotiations

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 119-140
Author(s):  
Morten Lindholst ◽  
Anne Marie Bülow ◽  
Ray Fells
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Major Power ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

Negotiators are routinely exhorted to prepare well, but what do they do in practice? This article draws on data collected as a team of negotiators prepared their strategy during the lengthy negotiations over a major power generation infrastructure contract. Using a framework that we developed using terms from the literature, the team’s preparation meetings were observed and then analysed for content, timing and changes in participation. It is shown that the standard checklist notion of preparation needs to be reconsidered as a multilevel, dynamic concept that changes in character over time. Far from just a first stage, the team’s continued preparation occurred in feedback meetings after rounds of negotiation at the table, between negotiation sessions and immediately before the next round of negotiations, and progress was seen to hinge on the differentiation of the preparation. Consequently, this long-term study provides insight into a key element of any general theory of negotiation while also suggesting implications for practitioners working with negotiating teams.

Hypercholesterolemia and Auditory Dysfunction

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 804-814 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Morizono ◽  
Michael M. Paparella
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Evidence ◽  
Experimental Hypertension ◽  
Evoked Responses ◽  
Cholesterol Diet ◽  
Auditory Function ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Auditory Dysfunction ◽  
Over Time

Rabbits were used for the long-term study of auditory function associated with experimental hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. Auditory dysfunction (threshold changes of sound evoked responses) was monitored with an electrode, chronically implanted into the contralateral inferior colliculus. Hypertension was created using the renal encapsulation technique. Auditory function in the hypertension trial demonstrated a dip at higher frequencies as well as improvement at lower frequencies. One gram of cholesterol fed daily for three months was capable of making rabbits atherosclerotic. Cholesterol-fed rabbits showed increasing auditory dysfunction over time at all frequencies. When experimental hypertension was combined with hypercholesterolemia, the auditory changes appeared additive. This work, although in preliminary stages, seems to provide experimental evidence that auditory dysfunction is associated with cholesterol diet.

Plenardebatten als Spiegel sich wandelnder Diskurskoalitionen: Die Positionierung der Bun- destagsfraktionen zum Verhältnis von Ökologie und Ökonomie seit 1977

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
pp. 640-658
Author(s):  
Silvia von Steinsdorff ◽  
Lennard Gottmann ◽  
Malte Hüggelmeyer ◽  
Ines-Maria Jeske ◽  
Johanna Siebeking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Good Basis ◽  
Direct Discourse ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Party Positions ◽  
German Bundestag ◽  
Intervening Variables ◽  
Over Time

Contrary to what is often assumed, members of the German Bundestag do not only use the plenary debates for issuing pre-fabricated statements or advertising party positions to an imaginary public but they also refer to each other and enter into a direct discourse on con­tent . In an innovative long-term study, this article examines all speech shares on ecological topics in the chancellor’s budget debates (EP 04) since the eighth legislative period . By com­bining quantitative and qualitative content-analytical methods, it shows how discourse coali­tions develop and change within and between parliamentary groups . Not only did the ecol­ogy issue continuously take up more space in the budget debates but content alliances developed across factional boundaries, with the CDU/CSU and the Greens in particular converging over time and partly taking up each other’s arguments . The second readings on EP 04 provide a very good basis for comparison in this regard as they depict the antagonism between government and opposition annually in a largely unchanged framework, which allows to control possible intervening variables .

scholarly journals Long Term Trial of Two Dental Resins Used in the Manufacture of the Aesthetic Component of Fixed Restorations

2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-268
Author(s):  
Gabriela Ciavoi ◽  
Anamaria Bechir ◽  
Edwin Sever Bechir ◽  
Farah Curt Mola ◽  
Valentin Pribac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Gingival Inflammation ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Dental Resins ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Term Trial ◽  
The Aesthetic ◽  
Over Time

The fixed mixed prosthetic restorations (FMPRs) are often manufactured in dentistry. Fixed prosthetic restorations mixed (RPFM) are often used in dentistry. The aim of the study was the presentation of the deficiency and the differences arising between FMPRs with metallic framework plated with two types of dental resins, currently used frequently in Romania, Superpont C + B (Spofadental, Czech Republic) and Royaldent (Palatine Foggyart, Hungary). We have achieved at 102 patients, 132 FMPRs coated with Superpont C+B and Royaldent resins. Patients were divided into two equal groups according to dental polymer used for coating. Long-term study was conducted by biannual monitoring, over three years. The results of the study showed that both resins degrades over time, from the point of view of their physical appearance and their aesthetics, and induced the apparition of gingival inflammation, but restorations coated with Royaldent resin showed less irritation of the gingival tissues.

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