scholarly journals Changes in the upper airway, hyoid bone and craniofacial morphology between patients treated with headgear activator and Herbst appliance: A retrospective study on lateral cephalometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Gu ◽  
Fabio Savoldi ◽  
Eliza Y. L. Chan ◽  
Christine S. K. Tse ◽  
Michelle T. W. Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Lateral Cephalometry

scholarly journals Evaluation of the upper airway dimensions following Herbst appliance treatment in adolescents: A retrospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 153-163
Author(s):  
Min Gu ◽  
Yifan Lin ◽  
Colman Patrick Joseph McGrath ◽  
Urban Hägg ◽  
Ricky Wing Kit Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Downward Movement ◽  
Dimensional Changes ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Airway Dimensions

Objectives: This retrospective study investigated dimensional changes in the upper airway following Herbst appliance therapy in adolescents with Class II malocclusion and compared those changes with growth data. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms from 44 Herbst-treated adolescents (23 boys, mean age = 13.3 ± 1.1 years, and 21 girls, mean age = 12.6 ± 1.1 years) were analyzed for the changes in the upper airway and craniofacial variables. Longitudinal cephalometric data of 34 untreated adolescents (15 boys, mean age = 12.6 ± 0.3 years, and 19 girls, mean age = 12.9 ± 0.4 years) were used as growth data for comparison. Results: Following treatment, significant changes were noted in most of the variables. Boys displayed greater downward movement of the hyoid bone than girls did (P = 0.021). Compared with the growth data, a greater increase in retroglossal oropharyngeal depth and hypopharyngeal depth was observed in boys and girls, respectively. Both displayed a decrease in the inclination of the soft palate and a smaller change in nasopharyngeal depth. Conclusion: Herbst appliance therapy enlarges the upper airway dimensions at two dissimilar sites in girls (oropharynx) and boys (hypopharynx). Boys display a greater increase in anterior and posterior facial heights than girls do, potentially accounting for the site dissimilarities. Moreover, a Herbst appliance improves the inclination of the soft palate and restricts the growth of the nasopharynx in both boys and girls.

scholarly journals Gender-specific cephalometric features related to obesity in sleep apnea patients: trilogy of soft palate-mandible-hyoid bone

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Seok Hyun Cho ◽  
Jae-Yun Jeon ◽  
Kun-Soo Jang ◽  
Sang Yoon Kim ◽  
Kyung Rae Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Soft Palate ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Apnea Hypopnea Index ◽  
Receiver Operating Characteristic Curves ◽  
Mandibular Plane ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Lateral Cephalometry ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between gender-specific and obesity-related airway anatomy in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) by using cephalometric analyses. Methods We retrospectively evaluated 206 patients with suspected OSA undergoing polysomnography and anthropometric measurements such as body mass index, neck circumference, and waist-hip ratio. We checked lateral cephalometry to measure tissue landmarks including angle from A point to nasion to B point (ANB), soft palate length (SPL), soft palate thickness (SPT), retropalatal space (RPS), retrolingual space (RLS), and mandibular plane to hyoid (MPH). Results Male with OSA showed significantly increased SPL (P = .006) compared with controls. SPL and MPH had significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and central obesity. Female with OSA showed significantly increased ANB (P = .013) and SPT (P = .004) compared with controls. The receiver operating characteristic curves revealed that SPT in male and ANB and SPT in female were significant in model 1 (AHI ≥ 5) and model 2 (AHI ≥ 15). MPH was also significant for male in model 2. Conclusion Male and female with OSA had distinct anatomic features of the upper airway and different interactions among soft palate, mandible, and hyoid bone.

scholarly journals Orthodontic Treatment and Craniocervical Posture in Patients with Temporomandibular Disorders: An Observational Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3295
Author(s):  
Maria Paço ◽  
José Alberto Duarte ◽  
Teresa Pinho
Keyword(s):  
Temporomandibular Disorders ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
P Value ◽  
Skeletal Class ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Phase Data ◽  
Condylar Displacement ◽  
Clinical Records

Orthodontic treatment acts through the application of forces and/or by stimulating and redirecting the functional forces within the craniofacial complex. Considering the interrelationship between craniomandibular and craniocervical systems, this intervention may alter craniocervical posture. Thus, our aim is to (a) compare craniocervical posture, hyoid bone position, and craniofacial morphology before, after, and also in the contention phase at least one year after the orthodontic treatment, in patients with temporomandibular disorders and (b) to verify whether the presence of condylar displacement, the skeletal class, or the facial biotype interferes with the abovementioned outcomes. To do so an observational, analytical, longitudinal, and retrospective design study was carried out. A non-probabilistic convenience sampling method was applied. The sample consisted of clinical records of patients diagnosed with temporomandibular disorders in order to compare pre-orthodontic treatment with post-orthodontic treatment (n = 42) and contention phase data (n = 26). A cephalometric analysis of several variables was performed. The p-value was set as 0.05. When the pre- and post-orthodontic treatment data were analyzed, there were statistically significant changes in variables concerning craniocervical posture (CV angle, C0-C1, and AA-PNS) and also concerning hyoid bone position (C3-Rgn). When pre- and post-orthodontic treatment and contention phase data were analyzed the variables concerning craniocervical posture (C0-C1, CVT/Ver, NSL/OPT, NSL/CVT, NSL/Ver; OPT/CVT, OPT/Ver) and facial biotype had statistically significant changes. This allowed us to conclude that in the sample studied, there were significant differences regarding hyoid bone position (pre- versus post-orthodontic treatment) and craniocervical posture (pre- versus post-orthodontic versus contention), with the craniocervical posture being prone to return to basal values. The presence of condylar displacement was found to significantly increase the H-H1 distance in the three moments of evaluation. Facial biotype was found to significantly increase the NSL/Ver angle on hypodivergent compared to hyperdivergent in the contention phase.

scholarly journals Developmental features and predicting airway failure risk in critically ill children with mandibular hypoplasia using 3D computational tomographic analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Doo-Hwan Kim ◽  
Eunseo Gwon ◽  
Junheok Ock ◽  
Jong-Woo Choi ◽  
Jee Ho Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Difficult Airway ◽  
Hyoid Bone ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Critically Ill Children ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Mandibular Hypoplasia ◽  
Tongue Position ◽  
Developmental Features

AbstractIn children with mandibular hypoplasia, airway management is challenging. However, detailed cephalometric assessment data for this population are sparse. The aim of this study was to find risk factors for predicting difficult airways in children with mandibular hypoplasia, and compare upper airway anatomical differences using three-dimensional computed tomography (3D CT) between children with mandibular hypoplasia and demographically matched healthy controls. There were significant discrepancies in relative tongue position (P < 0.01) and anterior distance of the hyoid bone (P < 0.01) between patients with mandibular hypoplasia and healthy controls. All mandibular measures were significantly different between the two groups, except for the height of the ramus of the mandible. After adjusting for age and sex, the anterior distance of hyoid bone and inferior pogonial angle were significantly associated with a difficult airway (P = 0.01 and P = 0.02). Quantitative analysis of upper airway structures revealed significant discrepancies, including relative tongue position, hyoid distance, and mandible measures between patients with mandibular hypoplasia and healthy controls. The anterior distance of the hyoid bone and inferior pogonial angle may be risk factors for a difficult airway in patients with mandibular hypoplasia.

Craniofacial Morphology in Children with Complete Bilateral Cleft Lip and Palate: Does Infantile Size of the Premaxilla Predetermine Outcome?

2004 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 410-415 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Fang Liao ◽  
Chiung-Shing Huang ◽  
Ya-Yu Tsai ◽  
M. Samuel Noordhoff
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Cleft Lip And Palate ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Cephalometric Analysis ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Dental Cast ◽  
Craniofacial Characteristics

Objective To evaluate the possible association between the size of the premaxilla in infants and craniofacial morphology in children with complete bilateral cleft lip and palate (CBCLP) and identify the characteristics of craniofacial morphology in children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia (MFD). Design Retrospective study. Setting A university hospital craniofacial center. Subjects Thirty-four patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 24 boys and 10 girls, had large premaxilla (LP group). Thirty-six patients with nonsyndromic CBCLP, 16 boys and 20 girls, had small premaxilla (SP group). Thirteen CBCLP patients with MFD, five boys and eight girls (MFD group). Main Outcome Measures Infant maxillary dental cast at the age of 1 year was used to measure the size of the premaxilla. Cephalometric analysis was used to determine craniofacial morphology in children at the age of 5 years. Results The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP varied greatly. The LP group tended to have a longer maxilla and a more protruded maxilla, producing a better interjaw relation. The opposite phenomena were observed in the MFD group; the SP group yielded results between those of the LP and the MFD groups. Conclusion The size of the premaxilla in infants with CBCLP can be used to predetermine subsequent craniofacial morphology at the age of 5 years. Children with nonsyndromic CBCLP had craniofacial characteristics that differed significantly from those of children with CBCLP with median facial dysplasia.

scholarly journals The influence of craniofacial morphology on the upper airway dimensions

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 874-880 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iveta Indriksone ◽  
Gundega Jakobsone
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Upper Airway ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Craniofacial Morphology ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Oropharyngeal Airway ◽  
Semiautomatic Segmentation ◽  
Airway Dimensions

ABSTRACT Objective:  To evaluate the influence of craniofacial morphology on the upper airway dimensions in healthy adult subjects. Materials and Methods:  The records of 276 healthy 17- to 27-year-old patients were extracted from the cone-beam computed tomography image database of the Institute of Stomatology, Riga Stradins University. Dolphin 11.7 software was used to evaluate craniofacial anatomy and semiautomatic segmentation of the upper airway. Measurements of oropharyngeal airway volume (OPV), minimal cross-sectional area (CSAmin), and nasopharyngeal airway volume (NPV) were obtained. The presence of adenoid tissues was recorded. Associations between variables were analyzed by Spearman's correlation coefficients, and multivariate linear regression analysis was used to identify factors that had a possible influence on upper airway dimensions. Results:  The following factors were identified as influencing the variability of NPV (23%): SNA angle, gender, and presence of adenoids. Statistically significant, although weak, correlations were found between SNB angle and OPV (r  =  0.144, P &lt; .05) and CSAmin (r  =  0.182, P &lt; .01). Conclusion:  The results suggest that craniofacial morphology alone does not have a significant influence on upper airway dimensions.

scholarly journals Condyle‐glenoid fossa relationship after Herbst appliance treatment during two stages of craniofacial skeletal maturation: A retrospective study

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 345-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula Loureiro Cheib Vilefort ◽  
Leticia Orefice Farah ◽  
Henrique Pársia Gontijo ◽  
Alexandre Moro ◽  
Antonio Carlos de Oliveira Ruellas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retrospective Study ◽  
Skeletal Maturation ◽  
Glenoid Fossa ◽  
Herbst Appliance ◽  
Two Stages
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