scholarly journals The impact of childhood obesity on human capital in high‐income countries: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa Blair Segal ◽  
M. Carmen Huerta ◽  
Elisabetta Aurino ◽  
Franco Sassi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Human Capital ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
High Income ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals The impact of childhood obesity on morbidity and mortality in adulthood: a systematic review

2012 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 985-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Park ◽  
C. Falconer ◽  
R. M. Viner ◽  
S. Kinra
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals Impact of obstetric unit closures, travel time and distance to obstetric services on maternal and neonatal outcomes in high-income countries: a systematic review

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. e036852
Author(s):  
Reem Saleem Malouf ◽  
Claire Tomlinson ◽  
Jane Henderson ◽  
Charles Opondo ◽  
Peter Brocklehurst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
High Income ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Maternal And Neonatal Outcomes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Travel Distances

ObjectivesTo systematically review (1) The effect of obstetric unit (OU) closures on maternal and neonatal outcomes and (2) The association between travel distance/time to an OU and maternal and neonatal outcomes.DesignSystematic review of any quantitative studies with a comparison group.Data sourcesEmbase, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health and grey literature were searched.MethodsEligible studies explored the impact of closure of an OU or the effect of travel distance/time on prespecified maternal or neonatal outcomes. Only studies of women giving birth in high-income countries with universal health coverage of maternity services comparable to the UK were included. Identification of studies, extraction of data and risk of bias assessment were undertaken by at least two reviewers independently. The risk of bias checklist was based on the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organisation of Care criteria and the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Heterogeneity across studies precluded meta-analysis and synthesis was narrative, with key findings tabulated.Results31 studies met the inclusion criteria. There was some evidence to suggest an increase in babies born before arrival following OU closures and/or associated with longer travel distances or time. This may be associated with an increased risk of perinatal or neonatal mortality, but this finding was not consistent across studies. Evidence on other maternal and neonatal outcomes was limited but did not suggest worse outcomes after closures or with longer travel times/distances. Interpretation of findings for some studies was hampered by concerns around how accurately exposures were measured, and/or a lack of adjustment for confounders or temporal changes.ConclusionIt is not possible to conclude from this review whether OU closure, increased travel distances or times are associated with worse outcomes for the mother or the baby.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017078503.

scholarly journals Electronic Health Records, Interoperability and Patient Safety in Health Systems of High-income Countries: A Systematic Review Protocol

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. e044941
Author(s):  
Edmond Li ◽  
Jonathan Clarke ◽  
Ana Luisa Neves ◽  
Hutan Ashrafian ◽  
Ara Darzi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Patient Safety ◽  
Electronic Health Records ◽  
Health Systems ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
High Income ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Records ◽  
Electronic Health ◽  
The Impact

IntroductionThe availability and routine use of electronic health records (EHRs) have become commonplace in healthcare systems of many high-income countries. While there is an ever-growing body of literature pertaining to their use, evidence surrounding the importance of EHR interoperability and its impact on patient safety remains less clear. There is, therefore, a need and opportunity to evaluate the evidence available regarding this relationship so as to better inform health informatics development and policies in the years to come. This systematic review aims to evaluate the impact of EHR interoperability on patient safety in health systems of high-income countries.Methods and analysisA systematic literature review will be conducted via a computerised search through four databases: PubMed, Embase, Health Management Information Consortium and PsycInfo for relevant articles published between 2010 and 2020. Outcomes of interest will include impact on patient safety and the broader effects on health systems. Quality of the randomised quantitative studies will be assessed using Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. Non-randomised papers will be evaluated with the Risk of Bias In Non-Randomised Studies—of Interventions tool. Drummond’s Checklist will be used for publications pertaining to economic evaluation. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence quality appraisal checklist will be used to assess qualitative studies. A narrative synthesis will be conducted for included studies, and the body of evidence will be summarised in a summary of findings table.Ethics and disseminationThis review will summarise published studies with non-identifiable data and, thus, does not require ethical approval. Findings will be disseminated through preprints, open access peer-reviewed publications, and conference presentations.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42020209285.

scholarly journals School functioning of children with perinatal HIV-infection in high-income countries: A systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252746
Author(s):  
Stefanie E. M. van Opstal ◽  
Marlies N. Wagener ◽  
Harald S. Miedema ◽  
Elisabeth M. W. J. Utens ◽  
Femke K. Aarsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
School Attendance ◽  
High Income ◽  
School Functioning ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
School Age ◽  
Perinatal Hiv ◽  
National Norms ◽  
The Impact

Introduction Since the introduction of combination antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a manageable chronic disease. However, school-age children (4–18 years) living with HIV could still experience problems with functioning at school, due to the impact of the virus itself, medication, comorbidities and social stigma. School functioning covers academic achievement, school attendance, and social relationships and is of utmost importance to optimize normal participation. Methods To gain insight in school functioning problems of perinatally HIV-infected children, we performed a systematic review of the literature in multiple databases from January 1997 up to February 2019. Studies were included if they described outcomes of school functioning of school-age children perinatally infected with HIV, in high-income countries. Meta-analyses were performed for sufficiently comparable studies. Results and discussion Results from 32 studies show that HIV-infected children experience more problems in various areas of school functioning in comparison with national norms, matched healthy controls, siblings and HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children. The most pronounced differences concerned the usage of special educational services, general learning problems, and mathematics and reading performance scores. Comparisons with both national norms and siblings/HEU children show that the differences between HIV-infected children and siblings/HEU children were less pronounced. Moreover, siblings/HEU children also reported significantly worse outcomes compared to national norms. This suggests that problems in school functioning cannot be solely attributed to the HIV-infection, but that multiple socio-economic and cultural factors may play a role herein. Conclusion Perinatally HIV-infected children seem vulnerable to problems in various areas of school functioning. Therefore, monitoring of school functioning should be an important aspect in the care for these children. A family-focused approach with special attention to a child’s socio-environmental context and additional attention for siblings and HEU children, is therefore recommended.

scholarly journals Conflict of Interest Policies at Medical Schools and Teaching Hospitals: A Systematic Review of Cross-sectional Studies

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Fabbri ◽  
Kristine Rasmussen Hone ◽  
Asbjørn Hróbjartsson ◽  
Andreas Lundh
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
High Income ◽  
Educational Quality ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Teaching Hospitals ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
European Institutions ◽  
Cross Sectional Studies ◽  
The Impact

Background: This systematic review aims to estimate the proportion of medical schools and teaching hospitals with conflicts of interest (COI) policies for health research and education, to describe the provisions included in the policies and their impact on research outputs and educational quality or content. Methods: Experimental and observational studies reporting at least one of the above mentioned aims were included irrespective of language, publication type or geographical setting. MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase and the Cochrane Methodology Register were searched from inception to March 2020. Methodological study quality was assessed using an amended version of the Joanna Briggs Institute’s checklist for prevalence studies. Results: Twenty-two cross-sectional studies were included; all were conducted in high-income countries. Of these, 20 studies estimated the prevalence of COI policies, which ranged from 5% to 100% (median: 85%). Twenty studies assessed the provisions included in COI policies with different assessment methods. Of these, nine analysed the strength of the content of medical schools’ COI policies using various assessment tools that looked at a range of policy domains. The mean standardised summary score of policy strength ranged from 2% to 73% (median: 30%), with a low score indicating a weak policy. North American institutions more frequently had COI policies and their content was rated as stronger than policies from European institutions. None of the included studies assessed the impact of COI policies on research outputs or educational quality or content. Conclusion: Prevalence of COI policies at medical schools and teaching hospitals varied greatly in high-income countries. No studies estimated the prevalence of policies in low to middle-income countries. The content of COI policies varied widely and while most European institutions ranked poorly, in North America more medical schools had strong policies. No studies were identified on impact of COI policies on research outputs and educational quality or content.

scholarly journals The impact of social assistance programs on population health: a systematic review of research in high-income countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Faraz V Shahidi ◽  
Chantel Ramraj ◽  
Odmaa Sod-Erdene ◽  
Vincent Hildebrand ◽  
Arjumand Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Population Health ◽  
Social Assistance ◽  
High Income ◽  
Assistance Programs ◽  
The Impact

scholarly journals A Systematic Review on the Intervention Using Exercise Gaming to reduce Childhood Obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aminuddin NA ◽  
Azit NA
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Childhood Obesity ◽  
English Language ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Public Health Issue ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
The Impact

The worsening trend of childhood obesity is a global public health issue. Digital technology evolution is a contributing factor towards physical inactivity and obesity among children. In order to overcome this growing problem, exercise games have been introduced in early eighties to ameliorate this obesogenic environment. Exercise games utilize innovative technologies that provide an interactive environment, requiring gestures and body movements to simulate on-screen gameplay. The objective of this review is to assess the effectiveness of exercise gaming intervention in managing childhood obesity. A systematic review was performed. Six articles examining exercise video games impact on weight management among children published between January 2013 and December 2017 in the English language were selected from a total of 54 articles identified through five major search engines. Majority of the research was conducted in developed countries particularly in the United States whereby some developing countries had started with small-scale researches in this area. The result indicated that there was a significant increase in physical activity level, reduction of BMI, reduced adipose tissue composition and a positive psychological impact after the intervention of exercise games. However, the impact of exercise games on physiological and metabolic parameters were inconclusive and requires further study. In conclusion, exercise games are the effective way to combat childhood obesity, along with other modules of lifestyle.

scholarly journals The impact of interventions addressing socioeconomic inequalities in cancer-related outcomes in high-income countries: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Annie Bygrave ◽  
Kate Whittaker ◽  
Sanchia Aranda AM
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Implementation Intentions ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Socioeconomic Inequalities ◽  
High Income ◽  
Socioeconomically Disadvantaged ◽  
Disadvantaged Population ◽  
Reminder Letters ◽  
The Impact

Background: High cancer mortality is a major source of burden. Population-wide programs have been developed to improve cancer outcomes, and although effective in improving outcomes overall, the socioeconomically disadvantaged population have disproportionately benefited. This systematic review evaluated interventions aimed at addressing inequalities in cancer-related outcomes between low and high socioeconomic groups within high-income countries.Materials and Methods: The Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, and PubMed searches were completed in October 2018. Data extraction and quality appraisal were guided by established mechanisms. Impact of interventions, using odds ratios, with respective 95% confidence intervals were presented, where available.Results: Sixteen studies reporting on 19 interventions were included. Seven interventions (37%) reduced socioeconomic inequalities in cancer-related outcomes, focusing on participation in cancer screening. Interventions included pre-formulated implementation intentions; GP-endorsed screening invitations; enhanced reminder letters; text message reminders; and implementation of an organised screening program.Conclusions: This systematic review found limited evidence on the efficacy of existing interventions that aimed to reduce inequalities in cancer-related outcomes between people living in low and high socioeconomic areas among high-income countries. Future interventions should consider the specific needs of people living in socioeconomically disadvantaged areas to improve the efficacy of an intervention.

scholarly journals Timing of Pubertal Milestones in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 951-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenna L Moodie ◽  
Susan C Campisi ◽  
Kristen Salena ◽  
Megan Wheatley ◽  
Ashley Vandermorris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Tanner Stage ◽  
High Income ◽  
Age At Menarche ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low And Middle Income

ABSTRACT Despite increasing global attention to adolescent health in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), limited literature exists on the timing of pubertal development in these settings. This study aimed to determine the age at menarche (AAM) and age of puberty onset [female Tanner Stage Breast 2 (B2) and male Tanner Stage Genital 2 (G2)] among healthy adolescents living in LMICs. It also aimed to explore the impact of nutritional status on pubertal timing in this population. MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane CENTRAL, Web of Science, Scopus, and grey literature databases were searched. Observational studies and control arms of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with healthy participants from LMICs born in or after 1998 were included. Pooled estimates with 95% CIs were calculated by random-effects meta-analyses using the DerSimonian and Laird inverse variance method for each pubertal milestone and by BMI category subgroups. Twenty-seven studies were included in the meta-analysis, representing 90,188 adolescents (78.3% female). Pooled mean estimates for AAM for normal, thin, and overweight BMI groupings were 12.3 y (95% CI: 12.1, 12.5), 12.4 y (95% CI: 12.2, 12.6), and 12.1 y (95% CI: 11.7, 12.5), respectively. For Tanner Stage B2, pooled mean age estimates for normal, thin, and overweight BMI groupings were 10.4 y (95% CI: 9.2, 11.6), 10.2 y (95% CI: 9.3, 11.4), and 8.4 y (95% CI: 6.8, 10.0), respectively. Finally, for Tanner Stage G2, pooled mean estimates for normal, thin, and overweight BMI groupings were 11.0 y (95% CI: 10.3, 11.7), 11.3 y (95% CI: 9.8, 12.9), and 10.3 y (95% CI: 10.0, 10.6), respectively. Data on the timing of pubertal milestones has traditionally come from high-income settings. In this systematic review of contemporary data from adolescents in LMICs, AAM, as well as age at pubertal onset, were similar to those reported from high-income settings.

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