scholarly journals Narrative review of reviews of preconception interventions to prevent an increased risk of obesity and non‐communicable diseases in children

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (S1) ◽  
pp. 5-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chandni Maria Jacob ◽  
Marie‐Louise Newell ◽  
Mark Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Review Of Reviews

scholarly journals Relationship between childhood obesity and dietary behavior in selected school-going children from Dhaka city, Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 2469
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rahanur Alam ◽  
Mohammad Asadul Habib ◽  
A. K. Obidul Huq ◽  
Sumaiya Mamun ◽  
Sompa Reza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: The prevalence of non-communicable diseases is rising in Dhaka City, Bangladesh. Obesity is one of the significant risk factors for many non-communicable diseases. This research aimed to investigate the current prevalence of overweight and obesity among children in selected schools in Dhaka City through anthropometric evaluation, as well as to assess the correlation of various environmental determinants such as physical activity, dietary behavior, lifestyle habits, are associated with increased risk of obesity in children.Methods: This school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 106 participants (50 male and 56 female participants) aged 6-14 years selected by convenience sampling from four randomly selected primary schools of different regions of Dhaka city. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data.Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-going children 24.5%, 68% respectively. Factors associated with being obese included type of game (χ2=34.036; p=0.001), total playtime (χ2=17.788; p=0.000), TV and computer watch time (χ2=27.321; p=0.007), spend money to buy fast food (χ2=26.451; p=0.002), eating days fast food in a week (χ2=24.825; p=0.003), type of tiffin (χ2=19.757; p=0.072).Conclusions: Less playtime, longer watching TV and computer, and eating more fast food are major risk factors for overweight and obesity among school-going children in Dhaka city. Interventions are needed to increase awareness of child overweight weight and obesity risk factors to decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity.

scholarly journals Protecting the vulnerable during COVID-19: Treating and preventing chronic disease disparities

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 125
Author(s):  
Linda M. Mobula ◽  
David J. Heller ◽  
Yvonne Commodore-Mensah ◽  
Vanessa Walker Harris ◽  
Lisa A. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Vulnerable Populations ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Vulnerable Patients ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Care Models ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Poor Outcomes

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacerbated health disparities across ethnic and socioeconomic groups. Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) - such as hypertension, diabetes, and obstructive lung diseases – are key drivers of this widening gap, because they disproportionately afflict vulnerable populations. Vulnerable populations with non-communicable diseases, in turn, are disproportionately affected by COVID-19 itself – but also at increased risk of poor outcomes from those underlying conditions. Proven strategies for NCD control must be adapted to help vulnerable patients react to these dual threats. We detail six key policy interventions – task shifting, workforce protection, telehealth and mobile services, insurance restructuring and increased funding for NCDs, prescription policies for NCDs and community partnerships - to bridge this care gap. Long-term integration of these care models post-COVID-19 may prevent care shocks during future pandemics, bolstering emerging universal primary care models.

scholarly journals Estimation of Salt Consumption from 24-hour Urine Collection in a Nepalese Population (P18-084-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dinesh Neupane ◽  
Megan Henry ◽  
Di Zhao ◽  
Per Kallestrup ◽  
Bhagawan Koirala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salt Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Processed Foods ◽  
Urine Collection ◽  
Community Based Interventions ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Dietary Counseling ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives High salt (sodium chloride) intake is associated with an increased risk of hypertension, which is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Current consumption of salt in Nepal is unknown. The objective of this study was to estimate average salt intake in a Nepalese population from 24-hr urine collection in a population-based survey. Methods Participants (n = 499) were recruited from the Community-Based Management of Non-Communicable Diseases in Nepal (COBIN) cohort in the peri-urban area of Pokhara municipality from July to December 2018. The modified version of STEPS survey of non-communicable diseases (NCD) risk factors was administered. Salt intake was estimated from a single 24-hr urine collection. Multivariate linear regression was used to estimate differences in salt intake (g) associated with a variety of factors including demographics, lifestyle, health care, and health literacy. Results Mean (SD) age was 50.0 (9.7) years; mean salt intake was 13.0 (4.8) g/person/d. Male gender, younger age, and higher body mass index were significantly associated with higher salt intake (Table). Although 55% of respondents thought that they consumed just the right amount of salt, 96% were consuming more than the WHO-recommended level of less than 5 g/d. Almost half of the respondents reported that they consumed processed food containing high amounts of salt. In multivariate analyses, systolic blood pressure was 0.4 mmHg (95% CI: 0.05, 0.7) higher per 1-gram increase in salt intake. Conclusions Daily intake of salt in this Napalese population was over twice the WHO recommended upper limit, indicating a substantial need to reduce salt across the entire population. Community-based interventions for behavior modification through health education and dietary counseling may be effective in this population where salt is added during cooking. Still, interventions targeting the marketing, availability, and labeling of processed foods is also important, as intake of processed foods was also commonplace in Nepal. Funding Sources PHI through financial support from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA; Jayanti Memorial Trust (JMT), Nepal; Nepal Development Society (NEDS), Nepal. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs

scholarly journals A study on prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors of Vijayawada city, Andhra Pradesh

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3508
Author(s):  
Kiran Prakash K. ◽  
Venkata Suresh Anga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Life Styles ◽  
Premature Deaths ◽  
Increased Risk

Background: Chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) are the leading cause of death in the world. Accounting for around 60% of all deaths and 44% of premature deaths worldwide. The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence of risk factors for non-communicable diseases among allopathic doctors in Vijayawada.Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on allopathic practicing doctors who were working in the various Hospitals, clinics, Nursing Homes within the corporation limits of Vijayawada city.Results: Out of the 720 study subjects, 498 doctors (69.2%) were males and 222 doctors (30.8%) were females. majority of the doctors 515 (71.5%) were with educational qualification of master degrees (MS/MD/MDS). Doctors in clinical specialty are more 565 (78.5%) compared with non-clinical 133 (18.4%) and dental 22 (3.1%). With regarding working sector, nearly one third of doctors were working in private sector 532 (73.9%).Conclusions: Because of more exposure to unhealthy life styles like smoking, alcohol, unhealthy dietary habits like high intake of salt, inadequate use of fruits and vegetables, oil fries and by leading a sedentary life and high risk factors like overweight/obesity, hypertension and diabetes a large number of the doctor’s population were at increased risk for chronic non-communicable diseases. 

scholarly journals Non-communicable Diseases among Refugee Claimants in Greek Refugee Camps: Are Their Health-care Needs Met?

2019 ◽  
Vol 32 (Special_Issue_1) ◽  
pp. i36-i51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Signe Smith Jervelund ◽  
Oda Nordheim ◽  
Theoni Stathopoulou ◽  
Terje Andreas Eikemo
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Multiple Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Medical Needs ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Refugee Claimants ◽  
Unmet Medical Needs

Abstract Little is known about the prevalence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) among newly arrived refugees in Europe and whether their medical needs are met. To elucidate the prevalence of NCDs and unmet medical needs in the different migration phases, we used survey data on 267 adult asylum seekers at Greek refugee camps in 2016. Using multiple logistic regression analysis, we estimated determinants for unmet medical needs in Greece. The most prevalent reported NCDs in Greece were: back or neck pain (26.6 per cent) and severe headache (24.7 per cent). The prevalence of most NCDs in the migration phases followed a U- or J-shaped pattern: decreased during migration and increased after migration to Greece; thus, new cases of NCDs after arrival in Greece made up the vast majority of all cases. Accordingly, the refugee claimants were worse off further in the migration process. Unmet medical-care needs were reported by 41.3 per cent with one NCD after arrival in Greece. Compared with young adults, adults aged 51+ years were in increased risk of reporting unmet medical needs in Greece (odds ratio = 7.59; p = 0.015). This knowledge is important for health-care systems in receiving countries to plan for improved access to health-care services for refugees with NCDs.

scholarly journals Health of refugees and migrants from former Soviet Union countries in the Russian Federation: a narrative review

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nataliia Bakunina ◽  
Artyom Gil ◽  
Vitaly Polushkin ◽  
Boris Sergeev ◽  
Margarita Flores ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Soviet Union ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Former Soviet Union ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
The Russian Federation

Abstract This narrative review was conducted to synthesize and summarize available up-to-date evidence on current health status, including both non-communicable diseases and infectious diseases, of migrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union countries in the Russian Federation. Epidemiological and sociological studies with one or more determinants of the health, as well as relevant qualitative studies characterizing risk factors, well-being indicators, and lifestyles of migrants and refugees from the former Soviet Union countries in Russia published from 2004 to 2019 in Russian and English languages were included in the review. Despite significant limitations of the available research literature in the field, some patterns in migrants’ health in Russia and issues that need to be addressed were identified. In particular, the syndemic epidemics of communicable and non-communicable diseases, additively increasing negative health consequences, including cardiovascular diseases and chronic digestive system diseases, high rates of sexually transmitted infections and HIV, respiratory diseases and a growing percentage of new tuberculosis cases among migrants from the former Soviet Union countries are all of great concern. Possibly, the burden of these co-occurring morbidities is linked to commonly reported issues among this population group, such as poor nutrition and living conditions, high prevalence of unskilled manual labour, non-compliance with sanitary norms, lack of basic vaccinations, lack of basic knowledge about safe sexual practices and risky sexual behaviour, low healthcare seeking behaviour and limited access to health care. Importantly, these findings may urge the government to increase efforts and promote international collaboration in combating the threat of infectious diseases. Additionally, it was found that migrants had higher levels of anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder, and those who stayed in the receiving country 5 years or more had a higher level of somatic pathology than those whose stay was less than 5 years. In order to ensure an adequate health system response and fulfil the main Universal Health Coverage principle of “leaving no one behind”, a robust monitoring system of the health status of refugees and migrants and an integrated legal framework for the standardized and more inclusive routine care for this population in Russia is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic status and prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases in Chinese women: a structural equation modelling approach

BMJ Open ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. e014402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yin ◽  
Qunhong Wu ◽  
Yu Cui ◽  
Yanhua Hao ◽  
Chaojie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Structural Equation Modelling ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Chinese Women ◽  
Communicable Diseases ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Non Communicable Diseases ◽  
Equation Modelling ◽  
Increased Risk

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of socioeconomic status (SES) in chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and offer theoretical evidence for the prevention and control of NCDs.DesignCross-sectional survey and structural equation modelling.SettingNationwide, China.ParticipantsFemale participants in the 2008 National Health Services Survey in China who were 15 years and older.ResultsSES factors were associated with the increased risk of NCDs in Chinese women. Education was identified as the most important factor with a protective role (factor loading=−0.115) for NCDs. Income mainly affected NCDs directly, whereas occupation mainly affected NCDs indirectly. The effects of SES on NCDs were more significant than that of smoking. Medical insurance, smoking and self-reported health played a mediating role in the correlations between those SES factors and NCDs.ConclusionsIn China, socioeconomic disparities associated with the prevalence of NCDs exist among women. Educational and social interventions are needed to mitigate their negative consequences on health outcomes in Chinese women.

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