Allocentric representations for target memory and reaching in human cortex

AbstractThe human cortex comprises diverse cell types that emerge from an initially uniform neuroepithelium that gives rise to radial glia, the neural stem cells of the cortex. To characterize the earliest stages of human brain development, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing across regions of the developing human brain, including the telencephalon, diencephalon, midbrain, hindbrain and cerebellum. We identify nine progenitor populations physically proximal to the telencephalon, suggesting more heterogeneity than previously described, including a highly prevalent mesenchymal-like population that disappears once neurogenesis begins. Comparison of human and mouse progenitor populations at corresponding stages identifies two progenitor clusters that are enriched in the early stages of human cortical development. We also find that organoid systems display low fidelity to neuroepithelial and early radial glia cell types, but improve as neurogenesis progresses. Overall, we provide a comprehensive molecular and spatial atlas of early stages of human brain and cortical development.

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Temporal hierarchy of intrinsic neural timescales converges with spatial core-periphery organization

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01785-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Mehrshad Golesorkhi ◽

Javier Gomez-Pilar ◽

Shankar Tumati ◽

Maia Fraser ◽

Georg Northoff

Keyword(s):

Time Window ◽

Human Cortex ◽

The Core ◽

Novel Variant ◽

Open Issue ◽

Task Differences ◽

Spatial Hierarchy ◽

Fundamental Insight ◽

Insight Into ◽

And Task

AbstractThe human cortex exhibits intrinsic neural timescales that shape a temporal hierarchy. Whether this temporal hierarchy follows the spatial hierarchy of its topography, namely the core-periphery organization, remains an open issue. Using magnetoencephalography data, we investigate intrinsic neural timescales during rest and task states; we measure the autocorrelation window in short (ACW-50) and, introducing a novel variant, long (ACW-0) windows. We demonstrate longer ACW-50 and ACW-0 in networks located at the core compared to those at the periphery with rest and task states showing a high ACW correlation. Calculating rest-task differences, i.e., subtracting the shared core-periphery organization, reveals task-specific ACW changes in distinct networks. Finally, employing kernel density estimation, machine learning, and simulation, we demonstrate that ACW-0 exhibits better prediction in classifying a region’s time window as core or periphery. Overall, our findings provide fundamental insight into how the human cortex’s temporal hierarchy converges with its spatial core-periphery hierarchy.

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Erythropoietin Increases GABAA Currents in Human Cortex from TLE Patients

Neuroscience ◽

10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.013 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 439 ◽

pp. 153-162

Author(s):

Cristina Roseti ◽

Pierangelo Cifelli ◽

Gabriele Ruffolo ◽

Elena Barbieri ◽

Michele Guescini ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Cortex

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VII. The exact histological localisation of the visual area of the human cerebral cortex

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London Series B Containing Papers of a Biological Character (1896-1934) ◽

10.1098/rstb.1900.0013 ◽

1900 ◽

Vol 193 (185-193) ◽

pp. 165-222 ◽

Cited By ~ 47

Keyword(s):

Cerebral Cortex ◽

County Council ◽

Visual Area ◽

Human Cerebral Cortex ◽

Human Cortex ◽

Physiological Laboratory ◽

Sensory Area ◽

University College ◽

Cortex Cerebri

The object of the present paper is to define by histological methods the exact limitations of the visuo-sensory area of the human cortex cerebri. The investigation to be described has occupied upwards of three years. It was commenced during the summer of 1896 in the pathological laboratory of the County Asylum, Rainhill, Lancashire; it was continued during the next three years in the physiological laboratory of Mason University College, Birmingham; and it has been completed in the pathological laboratory of the London County Council at Claybury. Owing to the remarkable facilities for research granted to workers in the last-named laboratory, it has been possible to bring this investigation to a much more rapid conclusion than would otherwise have been possible. A general summary of the paper follows this introduction, and it is succeeded for convenience of reference by a list of the sections into which the paper is divided.

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Glucocorticoid hormone (cortisol) affects axonal transport in human cortex neurons but shows resistance in Alzheimer's disease

British Journal of Pharmacology ◽

10.1038/sj.bjp.0705995 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 143 (5) ◽

pp. 606-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 32

Author(s):

Jiapei Dai ◽

Ruud Buijs ◽

Dick Swaab

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Axonal Transport ◽

Human Cortex ◽

Glucocorticoid Hormone

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Vision and the representation of the surroundings in spatial memory

Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences ◽

10.1098/rstb.2010.0188 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 366 (1564) ◽

pp. 596-610 ◽

Cited By ~ 50

Author(s):

Benjamin W. Tatler ◽

Michael F. Land

Keyword(s):

Spatial Memory ◽

Visual Environment ◽

Coding Scheme ◽

Perceptual Stability ◽

The World ◽

Scene Viewing ◽

Memory Representations ◽

The Brain ◽

Allocentric Representations ◽

And Task

One of the paradoxes of vision is that the world as it appears to us and the image on the retina at any moment are not much like each other. The visual world seems to be extensive and continuous across time. However, the manner in which we sample the visual environment is neither extensive nor continuous. How does the brain reconcile these differences? Here, we consider existing evidence from both static and dynamic viewing paradigms together with the logical requirements of any representational scheme that would be able to support active behaviour. While static scene viewing paradigms favour extensive, but perhaps abstracted, memory representations, dynamic settings suggest sparser and task-selective representation. We suggest that in dynamic settings where movement within extended environments is required to complete a task, the combination of visual input, egocentric and allocentric representations work together to allow efficient behaviour. The egocentric model serves as a coding scheme in which actions can be planned, but also offers a potential means of providing the perceptual stability that we experience.

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