scholarly journals Genomic epidemiology of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 1435 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shawn E. Hawken ◽  
Evan S. Snitkin
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Genomic Epidemiology ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

scholarly journals Hospital-acquired infections due to multidrug-resistant organisms in Hungary, 2005-2010

2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Caini ◽  
A Hajdu ◽  
A Kurcz ◽  
K Böröcz
Keyword(s):  
Infection Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Hospital Acquired Infections ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Multidrug Resistant Organisms ◽  
Public Health Authorities ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
Hospital Acquired

Healthcare-associated infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms are associated with prolonged medical care, worse outcome and costly therapies. In Hungary, hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) due to epidemiologically important multidrug-resistant organisms are notifiable by law since 2004. Overall, 6,845 case-patients (59.8% men; median age: 65 years) were notified in Hungary from 2005 to 2010. One third of case-patients died in hospital. The overall incidence of infections increased from 5.4 in 2005 to 14.7 per 100,000 patient-days in 2010. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was the most frequently reported pathogen (52.2%), but while its incidence seemed to stabilise after 2007, notifications of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms have significantly increased from 2005 to 2010. Surgical wound and bloodstream were the most frequently reported sites of infection. Although MRSA incidence has seemingly reached a plateau in recent years, actions aiming at reducing the burden of HAIs with special focus on Gram-negative multidrug-resistant organisms are needed in Hungary. Continuing promotion of antimicrobial stewardship, infection control methodologies, reinforced HAI surveillance among healthcare and infection control practitioners, and engagement of stakeholders, hospital managers and public health authorities to facilitate the implementation of existing guidelines and protocols are essential.

scholarly journals The role of hospital environment in transmissions of multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Po Ying Chia ◽  
Sharmila Sengupta ◽  
Anjanna Kukreja ◽  
Sasheela S.L. Ponnampalavanar ◽  
Oon Tek Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

scholarly journals Prevalence and Factors Associated With Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms in Patients With Spinal Cord Injury

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1464-1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlesnika T. Evans ◽  
Margaret A. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Makoto M. Jones ◽  
Stephen P. Burns ◽  
Linda Poggensee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Healthcare Setting ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Electronic Health Record Data ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

OBJECTIVEInfections caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms (MDRGNOs) have been increasing every year. The objective of this study was to describe the prevalence of MDRGNOs and factors associated with MDRGNOs in patients with spinal cord injury or disorder (SCI/D).DESIGNRetrospective cohort study.METHODSDepartment of Veterans Affairs (VA) electronic health record data from 142 VA facilities were evaluated for 19,642 patients with SCI/D. Multivariable cluster-adjusted models were fit to identify factors associated with MDRGNO.RESULTSGram-negative (GN) cultures occurred in 44% of patients with SCI/D receiving care at VA facilities, and 11,527 (41.3%) GN cultures had an MDRGNO. The most frequent GN organisms (GNOs) were Escherichia coli (28.5%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (17.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (16.0%). Two-thirds of GN cultures were from the outpatient setting, where MDRGNO prevalence was 37.6%. Significant geographic variation in the prevalence of MDRGNOs was identified (South, 44.7%; Northeast, 44.3%; West, 36.8%; Midwest, 34.4%). Other factors associated with an MDRGNO were older age, injury characteristics, comorbidities, specimen type, healthcare setting, and healthcare exposure. Black (odds ratio [OR], 1.58; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.39–1.78) and Hispanic race (OR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.28–1.95), polymicrobial culture (OR, 2.67; 95% CI, 2.46–2.90), and antibiotic use in the previous 90 days (OR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.50–1.76) were also associated with having an MDRGNO.CONCLUSIONSMDRGNOs were common in community and healthcare settings among veterans with SCI/D, with significant geographic variation. Health care and antibiotic exposures were significant factors associated with MDRGNOs. Priority should be given to controlling the spread of MDRGNOs in this special population, including a focus on judicious use of antibiotics.Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2017;38:1464–1471

scholarly journals Clinical and Microbiological Outcomes of Serious Infections with Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms Treated with Tigecycline

2008 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Anthony ◽  
N. O. Fishman ◽  
D. R. Linkin ◽  
L. B. Gasink ◽  
P. H. Edelstein ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

scholarly journals Phenotypic characterization of carbapenem non-susceptible gram-negative bacilli isolated from clinical specimens

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0256556
Author(s):  
Abera Abdeta ◽  
Adane Bitew ◽  
Surafel Fentaw ◽  
Estifanos Tsige ◽  
Dawit Assefa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Extensively Drug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms ◽  
And Control ◽  
Public Health Institute

Background Multidrug resistant, extremely drug-resistant, pan-drug resistant, carbapenem-resistant, and carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria are becoming more common in health care settings and are posing a growing threat to public health. Objective The study was aimed to detect and phenotypically characterize carbapenem no- susceptible gram-negative bacilli at the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Materials and methods A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted from June 30, 2019, to May 30, 2020, at the national reference laboratory of the Ethiopian Public Health Institute. Clinical samples were collected, inoculated, and incubated for each sample in accordance with standard protocol. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Identification was done using the traditional biochemical method. Multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant isolates were classified using a standardized definition established by the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control and the United States Centers for Disease Prevention and Control. Gram-negative organisms with reduced susceptibility to carbapenem antibiotics were considered candidate carbapenemase producers and subjected to modified carbapenem inactivation and simplified carbapenem inactivation methods. Meropenem with EDTA was used to differentiate metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) from serine carbapenemase. Meropenem (MRP)/meropenem + phenylboronic acid (MBO) were used to differentiate Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC) from other serine carbapenemase producing gram-negative organisms. Results A total of 1,337 clinical specimens were analyzed, of which 429 gram-negative bacterial isolates were recovered. Out of 429 isolates, 319, 74, and 36 were Enterobacterales, Acinetobacter species, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. In our study, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant, carbapenemase-producing, and carbapenem nonsusceptible gram-negative bacilli were 45.2%, 7.7%, 5.4%, and 15.4% respectively. Out of 429 isolates, 66 demonstrated reduced susceptibility to the antibiotics meropenem and imipenem. These isolates were tested for carbapenemase production of which 34.8% (23/66) were carbapenemase producers. Out of 23 carbapenemase positive gram-negative bacteria, ten (10) and thirteen (13) were metallo-beta-lactamase and serine carbapenemase respectively. Three of 13 serine carbapenemase positive organisms were Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase. Conclusion This study revealed an alarming level of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), with a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extremely drug-resistant, carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria, particularly among intensive care unit patients at the health facility level. These findings point to a scenario in which clinical management of infected patients becomes increasingly difficult and necessitates the use of “last-resort” antimicrobials likely exacerbating the magnitude of the global AMR crisis. This mandates robust AMR monitoring and an infection prevention and control program.

scholarly journals Multidrug-resistant gram-negative organisms and association with 1-year mortality, readmission, and length of stay in Veterans with spinal cord injuries and disorders

Spinal Cord ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 596-608
Author(s):  
Swetha Ramanathan ◽  
Margaret A. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Katie J. Suda ◽  
Stephen P. Burns ◽  
Makoto M. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Spinal Cord Injuries ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms

scholarly journals Burden and Risk Factors of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Organisms in Veterans With Spinal Cord Injury

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlesnika Evans ◽  
Margaret Fitzpatrick ◽  
Linda Poggensee ◽  
Swetha Ramanathan ◽  
Sherri Lavela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Gram Negative Organisms
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