Examining progression and degeneration of nursing science using Imre Lakatos’s methodology of scientific research programs

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahtisham Younas
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Research Programs

Introduction: Psychiatric Research and Extraordinary Science

2017 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Research ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Research Domain Criteria ◽  
Current Crisis ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Research Domain

This chapter introduces the core thematic ideas of the present volume: that psychiatric research is in crisis, that it has entered a period of extraordinary science, and that a fully adequate response to the crisis should be responsive to the perspectives and interests of persons. We identify various sources of the crisis, drawing special attention to controversies concerning the role of the DSM in psychiatric research. And, we identify different strategies of response to the current crisis, including approaches that emphasize the importance of personal perspectives and the needs of the clinic and those that emphasize the important role of various scientific research programs. Further, we survey various developments (e.g., debates over fundamentals and a role for philosophical analysis, probing of the problems of the DSM framework, relaxation of standard forms of research practice, the introduction of the Research Domain Criteria initiative and other novel research programs) that are jointly suggestive of Thomas Kuhn’s characterization of periods of crisis that can arise in scientific research and of the “extraordinary science” that ensues. We suggest that this Kuhnian framework is useful for understanding the state of psychiatric research and it provides a framework for thinking about responses to the current crisis. We conclude with brief overviews of the contributions to the volume, each of which provides such a response.

Roy Weintraub's Studies in Appraisal: Lakatosian Consolations or Something Else?

1991 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Salanti
Keyword(s):  
Economic Theory ◽  
General Equilibrium ◽  
Science Fiction ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Empirical Content ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Points Of View

As made manifest by Clower's (1975) comments on their “science fiction” nature, general equilibrium theories (GET) present such peculiar and puzzling features that the methodologist must perforce seek some specific methodological accommodation for this part of economic theory. The role played by such theories in contemporary economics is so fundamental (in the sense of Green, 1981) that the impossibility of appraising them by means of any version of falsificationism, and their patent lack of (excess) empirical content if approached with the conceptual devices of the methodology of scientific research programs (MSRP), have prompted several scholars interested in the methodology of economics (although from different points of view and for even more different purposes) to search for a reasonable way out.

Mind the gaps in ethical regulations of nursing research

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Berta M Schrems
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Based ◽  
Nursing Research ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Target Groups ◽  
Nursing Science ◽  
Community Orientation ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Caring Relationship ◽  
Context Orientation ◽  
Evidence Based Nursing

The introduction of and the commitment to evidence-based nursing in all care settings have led to a rapid increase of intervention and outcome-based research programs. Yet, the topics of nursing research are not only affected by interventions and outcomes but also affected by the concept of caring derived from humanistic philosophy. Considering this twofold orientation of nursing science, nuanced ethical regulations for nursing research programs are called for. In addition to the different research approaches, further arguments for ethical regulations are as follows: first, the different degrees of contextualization and the variety of participation models regarding the target groups; second, the capacities and opportunities of participants; and third, the caring relationship between nurses and research subjects. To capture these special features of nursing science, four approaches to fill the gaps in existing ethical regulations for nursing research are proposed: (a) process orientation, (b) community orientation, (c) context orientation, and (d) relation orientation.

The Conception of Law and Legal Research

2015 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-52
Author(s):  
Matías Bailone
Keyword(s):  
Supreme Court ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Legal Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
The Supreme Court ◽  
Research Institute

The area of Research at the Research Institute and Foreign Reference of the Supreme Court of Justice has developed two scientific research programs during the past five years which we want to mention and comment on briefly. Both investigations were proposed, directed and supervised by Dr. Eugenio Raul Zaffaroni, one of the Supreme Court Justices on whom the whole structure depends.

The Psychological Construction of Emotion – A Non-Essentialist Philosophy of Science

2021 ◽  
pp. 175407392110587
Author(s):  
Peter Zachar
Keyword(s):  
Philosophy Of Science ◽  
Scientific Research ◽  
Basic Emotion ◽  
Research Programs

Advocates for the psychological construction of emotion view themselves as articulating a non-essentialist alternative to basic emotion theory's essentialist notion of affect programs. Psychological constructionists have also argued that holding essentialist assumptions about emotions engenders misconceptions about the psychological constructionist viewpoint. If so, it is important to understand what psychological constructionists mean by “essentialism” and “non-essentialism.” To advance the debate, I take a deeper dive into non-essentialism, comparing the non-essentialist views of the early empiricists with those of the psychological constructionists, focusing on the theories of James Russell and Lisa Barrett. Using Lakatos’ notion of scientific research programs, I also describe how Russell's and Barrett's views have evolved into different and potentially competing research programs under the psychological constructionist banner.

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