scholarly journals Increasing climatic sensitivity of global grassland vegetation biomass and species diversity correlates with water availability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daijun Liu ◽  
Chao Zhang ◽  
Romà Ogaya ◽  
Marcos Fernández‐Martínez ◽  
Thomas A.M. Pugh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Climatic Sensitivity

scholarly journals Soil Nutrient and Vegetation Diversity Patterns of Alpine Wetlands on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6221
Author(s):  
Muyuan Ma ◽  
Yaojun Zhu ◽  
Yuanyun Wei ◽  
Nana Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Vegetation Diversity ◽  
Vegetation Biomass ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
The Relationship

To predict the consequences of environmental change on the biodiversity of alpine wetlands, it is necessary to understand the relationship between soil properties and vegetation biodiversity. In this study, we investigated spatial patterns of aboveground vegetation biomass, cover, species diversity, and their relationships with soil properties in the alpine wetlands of the Gannan Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture of on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau, China. Furthermore, the relative contribution of soil properties to vegetation biomass, cover, and species diversity were compared using principal component analysis and multiple regression analysis. Generally, the relationship between plant biomass, coverage, diversity, and soil nutrients was linear or unimodal. Soil pH, bulk density and organic carbon were also significantly correlated to plant diversity. The soil attributes differed in their relative contribution to changes in plant productivity and diversity. pH had the highest contribution to vegetation biomass and species richness, while total nitrogen was the highest contributor to vegetation cover and nitrogen–phosphorus ratio (N:P) was the highest contributor to diversity. Both vegetation productivity and diversity were closely related to soil properties, and soil pH and the N:P ratio play particularly important roles in wetland vegetation biomass, cover, and diversity.

scholarly journals Resources and Productivity of Indian Aquaculture – Status and Prospects

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Muthu Abishag ◽  
C Judith Betsy ◽  
J Stephen Sampath Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Resource Utilization ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Global Perspective ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Blue Revolution ◽  
Aquaculture Production

India tops the world in aquaculture production next to China. The present Blue Revolution envisages tripling fish production of India by 2020 which necessitates effective resource utilization. The aquaculture resources of a country cannot only be limited to land and water availability but also to its species diversity, workforce and infrastructure facilities. Though Indian aquaculture has registered increased production in past few years, the productivity in terms of water and manpower resources remain very low. There is also a need for diversification of species for mariculture activities. Hence, this paper examines the status of Indian aquaculture from a global perspective to sort out ways for enhancing productivity.

scholarly journals Niche conservatism and elevated diversification shape species diversity in drylands: evidence from Zygophyllaceae

2018 ◽  
Vol 285 (1890) ◽  
pp. 20181742 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinggang Wang ◽  
Shengdan Wu ◽  
Xiangyan Su ◽  
Linjing Zhang ◽  
Xiaoting Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Woody Species ◽  
Diversification Rate ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Evolutionary Mechanisms ◽  
Diversification Rates ◽  
Diversity Patterns ◽  
Geographical Unit ◽  
Global Patterns

The integrated contributions of climate and macroevolutionary processes to global patterns of species diversity are still controversial in spite of a long history of studies. The niche conservatism hypothesis and the net diversification rate hypothesis have gained wide attention in recent literature. Many studies have tested these two hypotheses for woody species in humid forests; however, the determinants of species diversity patterns for arid-adapted plants remain largely ignored. Here, using a molecular phylogeny and the global distributions of Zygophyllaceae, a typical arid-adapted plant family, we assessed the effects of contemporary climate and net diversification rates on species diversity patterns in drylands. We found the variables representing water availability to be the best predictors for Zygophyllaceae diversity. Specifically, Zygophyllaceae species diversity significantly decreased with the increase in water availability, probably owing to phylogenetic conservatism of water-related niches. The net diversification rates of Zygophyllaceae accelerated sharply in the recent 10 Myr, coinciding roughly with the period of global aridification. The species diversity of Zygophyllaceae significantly increased with the increase in mean net diversification rates per geographical unit, especially in the Old World, supporting the net diversification rate hypothesis. Our study provides a case exploring climatic and evolutionary mechanisms of dryland species diversity patterns, and suggests that the conservatism in water-related niches and elevated net diversification rates in drylands may have jointly determined the global patterns of dryland species diversity.

scholarly journals Effect of Changes in Land Use During the 20th Century on Woodland and Calcareous Grassland Vegetation in Southern Poland

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 27-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zbigniew Dzwonko
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Nature Conservation ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Vegetation Dynamics ◽  
Agricultural Landscape ◽  
Calcareous Grassland ◽  
Conservation Value ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Natural Communities

In the modern agricultural landscape major threats to plant species diversity are loss and fragmentation of habitats and communities. During the last century natural and semi-natural communities have faced also cessation of tradition management and increased load of nutrients. This paper presents a survey of studies on vegetation dynamics of woodlands in the northern part of the Carpathian foothills and of calcareous grasslands on limestone hills near Kraków. The causes of fargoing changes observed in communities of these types and possible management for their conservation are discussed. The nature conservation value of woods can be assessed by means of ancient woodland plant species indicators.

scholarly journals Freezing and water availability structure the evolutionary diversity of trees across the Americas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Segovia ◽  
R. T. Pennington ◽  
T. R. Baker ◽  
F. Coelho de Souza ◽  
D. M. Neves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Current Distribution ◽  
Water Availability ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
Dry Forests ◽  
Environmental Relationships ◽  
Evolutionary Diversification

AbstractThe historical course of evolutionary diversification shapes the current distribution of biodiversity, but the main forces constraining diversification are unclear. We unveil the evolutionary structure of tree species diversity across the Americas to assess whether an inability to move (dispersal limitation) or to evolve (niche conservatism) is the predominant constraint in plant diversification and biogeography. We find a fundamental divide in tree lineage composition between tropical and extratropical environments, defined by the absence versus presence of freezing temperatures. Within the Neotropics, we uncover a further evolutionary split between moist and dry forests. Our results demonstrate that American tree lineages, though broadly distributed geographically, tend to retain their ancestral environmental relationships and that phylogenetic niche conservatism is the primary force structuring the distribution of tree biodiversity.

scholarly journals Patterns of community and species diversity in grassland vegetation of the southwestern Iberian System

Lazaroa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-236
Author(s):  
Maria Pilar Rodríguez Rojo ◽  
Santiago Sardinero ◽  
Federico Fernández-González
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Grassland Vegetation

scholarly journals Effect of different mulching and cutting regimes on the vegetation of upland meadow

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 324-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gaisler ◽  
M. Hejcman ◽  
V. Pavlů
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Plant Species ◽  
Trifolium Repens ◽  
Plant Species Diversity ◽  
Grassland Vegetation ◽  
Manipulative Experiment ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Cutting Regimes

The effect of different cutting and mulching regimes on the structure of the sward and plant species diversity of semi-natural meadow (Arrhenatherion alliance) was investigated in manipulative experiment over five years. Mulching once a year in September (MS) and plots without management (U) developed in the same way and resulted in increase of Veronica chamaedrys and Galium album and disappearance of light sensitive Trifolium repens. T. repens increased in two cut, two cut without removal of the biomass and in three times mulched treatments. The lowest species diversity was recorded under MS and U treatments on the end of the experiment. Mulching once a year in July altered the vegetation in a different way than the MS treatment. Our results indicate high importance of term of mulching and frequency of defoliation management on the development of grassland vegetation.  

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