Comparative genomics reveals dynamic genome evolution in host specialist ectomycorrhizal fungi

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotus A. Lofgren ◽  
Nhu H. Nguyen ◽  
Rytas Vilgalys ◽  
Joske Ruytinx ◽  
Hui‐Ling Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Ectomycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Dynamic Genome

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of tadpole shrimps (Crustacea, Branchiopoda, Notostraca): Dynamic genome evolution against the backdrop of morphological stasis

Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Luchetti ◽  
Giobbe Forni ◽  
Jacopo Martelossi ◽  
Castrense Savojardo ◽  
Pier Luigi Martelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Morphological Stasis ◽  
Dynamic Genome ◽  
Tadpole Shrimps

scholarly journals The protector within: Comparative genomics of APSE phages across aphids reveals rampant recombination and diverse toxin arsenals

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Rouïl ◽  
Emmanuelle Jousselin ◽  
Armelle Coeur d’acier ◽  
Corinne Cruaud ◽  
Alejandro Manzano-Marín
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Parasitoid Wasps ◽  
Valuable Resource ◽  
Variable Regions ◽  
New Genes ◽  
Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Hamiltonella Defensa

ABSTRACTPhages can fundamentally alter the physiology and metabolism of their hosts. While ubiquitous in the bacterial world, they have seldom been described among endosymbiotic bacteria. One notable exception in the APSE phage that is found associated with the gammaproteobacterial Hamiltonella defensa, hosted by several insect species. This secondary facultative endosymbiont is not necessary for the survival of its hosts but can infect certain individuals or even whole populations. Its infection in aphids is often associated with protection against parasitoid wasps. This protective phenotype has actually been linked to the infection of the symbiont strain with an APSE, which carries a toxin cassette that varies among so-called ”types”. In the present work, we seek to expand our understanding of the diversity of APSE phages as well as the relations of their Hamiltonella hosts. For this, we assembled and annotated the full genomes of 16 APSE phages infecting Hamiltonella symbionts across 10 insect species. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses suggest that recombination has occurred repeatedly among lineages. Comparative genomics of the phage genomes revealed two variable regions that are useful for phage typing. Additionally, we find that mobile elements could play a role in the acquisition of new genes in the toxin cassette. Altogether, we provide an unprecedented view of APSE diversity and their genome evolution across aphids. This genomic investigation will provide a valuable resource for the design and interpretation of experiments aiming at understanding the protective phenotype these phages confer to their insect hosts.

scholarly journals Comparative genomics of the bacterial genus Listeria: Genome evolution is characterized by limited gene acquisition and limited gene loss

BMC Genomics ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Henk C den Bakker ◽  
Craig A Cummings ◽  
Vania Ferreira ◽  
Paolo Vatta ◽  
Renato H Orsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Gene Loss ◽  
Bacterial Genus ◽  
Gene Acquisition

scholarly journals The evolutionary origins of the cat attractant nepetalactone in catnip

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (20) ◽  
pp. eaba0721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin R. Lichman ◽  
Grant T. Godden ◽  
John P. Hamilton ◽  
Lira Palmer ◽  
Mohamed O. Kamileen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Chemical Diversity ◽  
Flowering Plant ◽  
Present Evidence ◽  
Metabolic Gene ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Plant Chemical

Catnip or catmint (Nepeta spp.) is a flowering plant in the mint family (Lamiaceae) famed for its ability to attract cats. This phenomenon is caused by the compound nepetalactone, a volatile iridoid that also repels insects. Iridoids are present in many Lamiaceae species but were lost in the ancestor of the Nepetoideae, the subfamily containing Nepeta. Using comparative genomics, ancestral sequence reconstructions, and phylogenetic analyses, we probed the re-emergence of iridoid biosynthesis in Nepeta. The results of these investigations revealed mechanisms for the loss and subsequent re-evolution of iridoid biosynthesis in the Nepeta lineage. We present evidence for a chronology of events that led to the formation of nepetalactone biosynthesis and its metabolic gene cluster. This study provides insights into the interplay between enzyme and genome evolution in the origins, loss, and re-emergence of plant chemical diversity.

scholarly journals Dynamic genome evolution and complex virocell metabolism of globally-distributed giant viruses

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Moniruzzaman ◽  
Carolina A. Martinez-Gutierrez ◽  
Alaina R. Weinheimer ◽  
Frank O. Aylward
Keyword(s):  
Genome Evolution ◽  
Dynamic Genome ◽  
Giant Viruses ◽  
Globally Distributed

scholarly journals Reduction and Expansion in Microsporidian Genome Evolution: New Insights from Comparative Genomics

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 2285-2303 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sirintra Nakjang ◽  
Tom A. Williams ◽  
Eva Heinz ◽  
Andrew K. Watson ◽  
Peter G. Foster ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Genomics ◽  
Genome Evolution
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