scholarly journals Atmospheric CO 2 and VPD alter the diel oscillation of leaf elongation in perennial ryegrass: compensation of hydraulic limitation by stored‐growth

2020 ◽  
Vol 227 (6) ◽  
pp. 1776-1789
Author(s):  
Juan C. Baca Cabrera ◽  
Regina T. Hirl ◽  
Jianjun Zhu ◽  
Rudi Schäufele ◽  
Hans Schnyder
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Hydraulic Limitation

Production of root axes and leaf elongation in perennial ryegrass in relation to dryness of the upper soil layer

1980 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Troughton
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Selection Criterion ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Soil Environment ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Subsequent Introduction

SUMMARYDuring a period without rainfall the upper layers of the soil may become dry whilst the lower layers provide sufficient moisture for the plant to continue growing. In experimental conditions simulating such a soil environment, new main root axes ceased to be produced by plants of perennial ryegrass. Shoot growth and leaf elongation rate were little affected during the first 2 weeks of the treatment. The subsequent introduction of moisture round the base of the plant resulted in the rapid production of new root axes and increase in the leaf elongation rate. Although there was considerable intra-varietal genetic variation in the rate of development of new root axes and leaf elongation after wetting it is concluded that this would be of doubtful value as a selection criterion.

Genetic variability for leaf development in perennial ryegrass populations

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Hazard ◽  
M. Ghesquière ◽  
C. Barraux
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Divergent Selection ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Genetic Progress ◽  
Leaf Morphogenesis ◽  
Heritable Trait ◽  
Selection For

In perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne, L.), leaf length is a highly heritable trait likely to respond to both natural and artificial selection. The genetic variability of components of leaf morphogenesis of perennial ryegrass was studied in 2 populations obtained from two cycles of divergent selection for lamina length, in 42 natural populations, and in forage and turf cultivars. The genetic progress in the two branches of the divergent selection was accompanied by a significant change in the leaf elongation rate, whereas the phyllochron and the leaf elongation duration remained relatively unchanged. The forage cultivars were not morphogenetically different from the natural populations, and hence progress for yield under infrequent cutting could be made by selection for long-leaf populations. Turf cultivars, however, were morphogenetically different from natural populations. Turf cultivars had small leaves with short sheaths and laminae. The population resulting from the selection for short leaf had laminae as long as those of turf cultivars but with longer sheaths.

scholarly journals Growth Responses of Lolium perenne L. to Trinexapac-ethyl

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (7) ◽  
pp. 1200-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.H. Ervin ◽  
A.J. Koski
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Growth Chamber ◽  
Root Mass ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate

A growth chamber and a greenhouse study were conducted to determine if successive applications of trinexapac-ethyl (TE) to developing perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants would reduce leaf elongation rate (LER) while increasing tiller number and root mass. Growth parameters measured were LER, tiller number, and root mass. In the growth chamber, developing perennial ryegrass plants were sprayed twice with TE at 0.24 kg·ha-1 a.i. at 20 and 40 days after emergence. Leaf elongation rate was reduced by ≈35% following two applications of TE in both growth chamber experiments. This treatment increased the number of tillers per plant in the growth chamber at 60 days after emergence and in the greenhouse at 150 days after emergence, but had no effect on root or shoot mass in either location. Multiple applications of TE to developing perennial ryegrass turfs may favor quicker establishment in terms of tillering, while substantially reducing mowing requirement. Chemical names used: 4-cyclopropyl-α-hydroxy-methylene-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (trinexapac-ethyl).

Morphology and Rubisco turnover characteristics of perennial ryegrass breeding populations after two and four cycles of divergent selection for long or short leaf length

2013 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith N. Khaembah ◽  
François Gastal ◽  
Serge Carre ◽  
Louis J. Irving ◽  
Philippe Barre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Elongation Rate ◽  
Leaf Elongation ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Leaf Elongation Rate ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Leaf Appearance

Perennial ryegrass populations previously subjected to two or four cycles of selection for short or long leaf length were studied to determine the response of morphological traits to selection and interaction to determine yield. Measured morphological traits were leaf length, leaf appearance interval, ligule appearance interval, leaf elongation duration, leaf elongation rate, tiller number, tiller dry weight, and herbage dry matter. Additionally, Rubisco concentration during leaf development was measured to determine the association of Rubisco turnover with morphological characteristics and yield. Rubisco was measured and modelled as a three-parameter (D, peak Rubisco concentration; G, time of D; and F, curve width measure), log-normal curve. Leaf length, leaf elongation rate, tiller weight, and plant dry matter diverged after two cycles of selection and further divergence occurred, with these traits being, respectively, 35, 28, 53, and 61% greater in the long- than the short-leaved plants after four cycles of selection. Opposite trends were displayed by Rubisco turnover, with selection for long leaves co-selecting for increased Rubisco turnover time and selection for short leaves resulting in increased leaf Rubisco concentration. There was indication of coupling of leaf appearance with Rubisco turnover. Across populations, multivariate analysis indicated that plant yield was associated with Rubisco concentration rather than Rubisco turnover. The association between higher yield and lower Rubisco concentration could be targeted in the breeding of high-yielding, nitrogen-efficient forage grasses. Plant yield was mainly associated with increased leaf area, indicating that yield could be improved by selecting for longer leaves and faster rates of leaf expansion.

N transfer from white clover to perennial ryegrass, via exudation of nitrogenous compounds

Agronomie ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 503-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florence Paynel ◽  
Jean Bernard Cliquet
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
N Transfer ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds

USE OF CELL AND MOLECULAR GENETIC MANIPULATION TO IMPROVE PASTURE PLANTS

1988 ◽  
pp. 67-72
Author(s):  
D.W.R. White
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Tolerance ◽  
Pest Resistance ◽  
Crown Rust ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Pasture Plants

Cell culture and genetic engineering techniques can be used to develop improved pasture plants. To utilise these methods we have developed procedures for regenerating plants from tissue cultures of perennial ryegrass and white clover. In both, the plant genotype influences regeneration capacity. There was significant genetic variation among regenerated perennial ryegrass plants in a wide range of characteristics. Most of the regenerants were resIstant to crown rust and this trait was highly heritable. This rust resistance is being used to breed a new ryegrass cultivar. A system for introducing cloned genes into white clover is described. This capability is bemg used to incorporate genes with the potential to improve nutritional quality and pest resistance. Other possibilities for engineering genetic improvements in white clover, genes conferring herbicide tolerance and resistance to white clover mosaic virus, are briefly outlined. Keywords: Lolium perenne, Trifolium repens, cell culture, somaclonal variation, crown rust resistance, transformation, cloned genes, nutritional quality, proteinase inhibitors, Bt toxins, pest resistance, WCMV viral cross-protection, herbicide tolerance, Agrobacterium, Bacillus thuringenisis.

GRAZING STUDIES FOR GRASSLAND SHEEP SYSTEMS AT THE HILL FARMING RESEARCH ORGANISATION, U.K.

1984 ◽  
pp. 184-189
Author(s):  
J. Hodgson ◽  
T.J. Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Research Organisation ◽  
Hill Farming ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Hill

Studies in the UK on continuously stocked swards dominated by perennial ryegrass show that both net herbage production and lamb output per hectare are maximised when herbage mass is maintained at 1200-I 500 kg OM/ha (3-5 cm surface height) during the main season of growth. The use of this information to define sward management objectives is outlined, and the incorporation of these objectives into the spring and summer phases of a grassland sheep enterprise is illustrated

Effect of bacterial fertilizers on the properties of a pseudomyceliar chernozem soil and on the biomass of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.)

2011 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Jakab ◽  
János Kátai ◽  
Magdolna Tállai ◽  
Andrea Balláné Kovács
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Chernozem Soil ◽  
Lolium Perenne L

A tenyészedényes kísérletünket a DE AGTC MÉK Agrokémiai és Talajtani Intézet tenyészházában állítottuk be 2010. május 27-én. A kísérletben Debrecen-Látókép környékéről származó mészlepedékes csernozjom vályogtalajt alkalmaztunk, amely az alábbi jellemzőkkel rendelkezett: KA: 37,5; leiszapolható rész: 51%; pH(KCl): 5,5; pH(H2O): 6,6; Hu%: 2,8; AL-P2O5: 140 mg·kg-1; AL-K2O: 316,3 mg·kg-1. Az adatok alapján a kísérleti talaj gyengén savanyú, vályog kötöttségű, közepes nitrogén- és foszfor-, valamint jó kálium-ellátottsággal rendelkezett. A kísérletben kontroll-, műtrágya-, valamint szalmakezelést alkalmaztunk, melyeket bizonyos kombinációkban három különböző baktériumkészítménnyel (Bactofil A, EM-1, Microbion UNC) egészítettünk ki. A kísérletet három ismétlésben véletlenblokk elrendezésben állítottuk be. A tesztnövény angolperje (Lolium perenneL.) volt. A kísérlet kezdetétől számított 8. héten a talaj-, valamint a növényminták begyűjtésére került sor. Meghatároztuk a növényminták száraztömegét, a növény foszfor- és káliumtartalmát, valamint a talajminták nitrát-, valamint AL-oldható foszfor- és káliumtartalmát. Eredményeink alapján főbb megállapításaink a következők: – Az angolperje száraztömegét a műtrágyakezelés szignifikánsan növelte. A hatás a tápelem-ellátottság javulásával magyarázható. – A növény foszforkoncentrációja a műtrágyázás következtében csökkent, amelyet a hígulási effektussal magyarázhatunk. – A növény káliumkoncentrációját a műtrágya-, valamint a műtrágya+baktériumtrágya kezelések szignifikánsan serkentették. – A talaj nitráttartalma szignifikánsan növekedett a műtrágyakezelés kivételével minden kezelésben. – A talaj AL-P2O5-tartalma az NPK-műtrágyázás és az EM-1 kezelés következtében statisztikailag igazolható mértékben megnövekedett, míg az AL-K2O-tartalom kizárólag a szalmakezelés hatására nőtt. A baktériumkészítmények önmagukban alkalmazva általában nem eredményeztek jelentős változást a vizsgált paraméterekben, azonban a készítmények szerves/ásványi anyagokkal kombinált adagolása esetében különböző mértékben befolyásolták a vizsgált mutatókat.

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