scholarly journals PIRIN2 suppresses S‐type lignin accumulation in a noncell‐autonomous manner in Arabidopsis xylem elements

2019 ◽  
Vol 225 (5) ◽  
pp. 1923-1935
Author(s):  
Bo Zhang ◽  
Bernadette Sztojka ◽  
Sacha Escamez ◽  
Ruben Vanholme ◽  
Mattias Hedenström ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Lignin Accumulation

The systemic nature of the sunflower disease caused by Diaporthe helianthi

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 1552-1556 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Muntanola-Cvetković ◽  
Jelena Vukojević ◽  
M. Mihaljčević
Keyword(s):  
Plant Diseases ◽  
Leaf Axil ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Conducting System ◽  
Intercellular Spaces ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Leaf Petiole ◽  
Diaporthe Helianthi ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Systemic Nature

The systemic nature of the disease of sunflower plants caused by Diaporthe helianthi, the leaf–petiole–stem route of the host invasion by the fungus, and the plant tissues that were successively affected were demonstrated through histological studies. After penetration into the host, the infection hyphae invade the intercellular spaces and terminal veinlets of the lamina and spread toward larger branches of the conducting system, the midrib, and the petiole. Xylem elements are invaded but are affected less by the fungus attack than the phloem and the parenchyma tissues, which disintegrate completely. Hyphae spread through the leaf axil to the tissues of the stem cortex, where pycnidia of the Phomopsis anamorph are initiated from internal masses of mycelium. Key words: systemic plant diseases, sunflower diseases, Diaporthe helianthi, Phomopsis helianthi.

Developmental studies of the stratification–germination process in sugar maple embryos

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Y. Shih ◽  
E. B. Dumbroff ◽  
Carol A. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Cell Division ◽  
Cell Elongation ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Developmental Studies ◽  
Anatomical Changes ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Radicle Protrusion ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Food Reserves ◽  
Key Events

Changes in the anatomy, morphology, and stored food reserves of stratifying (5 °C) sugar maple embryos were followed from a strongly dormant state through germination. The correlation of cell division and cell elongation with radicle protrusion was also investigated. No morphological or anatomical changes were observed before first maturation of phloem elements on the 17th day of stratification. Mature xylem elements were first observed on day 37, and first germination was noted on day 38. Radicle protrusion was initiated by cell elongation, and cell division was not active for several days after emergence and a marked increase in lengths of the axes had occurred. Changes in amounts of protein, lipid, and starch were not observed during the stratification period, but mobilization of stored reserves was clearly evident with emergence of the radicles. Several of these key events appeared to be closely associated with previously described peaks and patterns of growth regulator activity.

scholarly journals Histological studies on the development of Phoma root rot of alfalfa

1969 ◽  
Vol 89 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 251-262
Author(s):  
Rocío del P. Rodríguez
Keyword(s):  
Root Rot ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Enzymatic Degradation ◽  
Cortical Cell ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Histological Studies ◽  
Tissue Degradation ◽  
Electron And Light Microscopy ◽  
Xylem Elements ◽  
Scanning Electron

Several stages of the disease cycle of root rot of alfalfa caused by Phoma medicaginis var. medicaginis were studied by using scanning electron and light microscopy. First activity of the pathogen was the external colonization of the root. The pathogen penetrated directly causing discoloration and tissue disintegration. Inter- and intracellular penetration facilitated by enzymatic degradation was likely the mechanism involved in breaching the barrier of the epidermal cells. Colonization of the cortex was intercellular. Radial access to the xylem elements was achieved through the cortex. Host responses to invasion by the pathogen were suberization of cortical cell walls and occlusion of vessels with pectic substances and wound gum. Cavities in the cortex resulting from tissue degradation were associated with later stages of infection. Intracellular hyphae were observed in dead cells of the cortex and in the xylem. 

Mutation of the chitinase-like protein-encoding AtCTL2 gene enhances lignin accumulation in dark-grown Arabidopsis seedlings

2010 ◽  
Vol 167 (8) ◽  
pp. 650-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Aktar Hossain ◽  
Ha-Na Noh ◽  
Kang-Il Kim ◽  
Eun-Ji Koh ◽  
Seung-Gon Wi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Encoding ◽  
Lignin Accumulation

scholarly journals On the Xylem Elements of the Pteridophyta

1911 ◽  
Vol os-25 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
NELLIE BANCROFT
Keyword(s):  
Xylem Elements

scholarly journals Global Transcriptomic Profile Analysis of Genes Involved in Lignin Biosynthesis and Accumulation Induced by Boron Deficiency in Poplar Roots

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wan-Long Su ◽  
Na Liu ◽  
Li Mei ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
Yi-Jie Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lignin Biosynthesis ◽  
Wood Formation ◽  
Boron Deficiency ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Lignin Accumulation

To uncover the transcriptomic mechanism of lignin accumulation caused by boron deficiency (BD), Nanlin895 (Populus × euramericana “Nanlin895”) was subjected to control (CK, 0.25 mg·L−1) and BD (0 mg·L−1) treatments for 3 days. RNA-Seq was carried out to survey the expression patterns of the lignin-regulated biosynthetic genes in response to BD. The results showed that 5946 genes were identified as differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 2968 (44.2%) of which were upregulated and 3318 (55.8%) of which were downregulated in response to BD. Among them, the expression of lignin monomer biosynthetic (PAL, CCR, CAD, COMT, F5H, PER/LAC) and modulated genes, for example, transcription factors (MYBs) and hormone signal regulating genes (GIDs, histidine kinase 1, coronatine-insensitive protein 1), were upregulated, and some hormone signal regulating genes, such as AUXs and BR-related (sterol methyltransferases), were downregulated under BD treatment. There are also some genes that were screened as candidates for an association with wood formation, which will be used for the further analysis of the function of lignin formation. These results provide an important theoretical basis and reference data in plant for further research on the mechanism of lignin accumulation under BD.

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