scholarly journals CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of leghemoglobin genes in Lotus japonicus uncovers their synergistic roles in symbiotic nitrogen fixation

2019 ◽  
Vol 224 (2) ◽  
pp. 818-832 ◽  
Author(s):  
Longlong Wang ◽  
Maria Carmen Rubio ◽  
Xian Xin ◽  
Baoli Zhang ◽  
Qiuling Fan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Lotus Japonicus

scholarly journals Αναπρογραμματισμός του μεταβολισμού του Lotus japonicus σε μεταγραφικό, βιοχημικό και μεταβολομικό επίπεδο κατά τη συμβιωτική αζωτοδέσμευση

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Χρυσάνθη Καλλονιάτη
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Sulfur Metabolism ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Nitrogen Fixing ◽  
Model Legume ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Level ◽  
Molecular And Biochemical Mechanisms

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation in legumes takes place in specialized organs called nodules,which become the main source of assimilated nitrogen for the whole plant. Symbiotic nitro‐gen fixation requires exquisite integration of plant and bacterial metabolism and involvesglobal changes in gene expression and metabolite accumulation in both rhizobia and thehost plant. In order to study the metabolic changes mediated by symbiotic nitrogen fixationon a whole‐plant level, metabolite levels were profiled by gas chromatography–mass spec‐trometry in nodules and non‐symbiotic organs of Lotus japonicus plants uninoculated or in‐oculated with M. loti wt,  ΔnifA or  ΔnifH fix‐ strains. Furthermore, transcriptomic andbiochemical approaches were combined to study sulfur metabolism in nodules, its link tosymbiotic nitrogen fixation, and the effect of nodules on whole‐plant sulfur partitioning andmetabolism. It is well established that nitrogen and sulfur (S) metabolism are tightly en‐twined and sulfur is required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, however, little is known aboutthe molecular and biochemical mechanisms governing sulfur uptake and assimilation duringsymbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcript profiling in Lotus japonicus was combined with quan‐tification of S‐metabolite contents and APR activity in nodules and in non‐symbiotic organsof plants uninoculated or inoculated with M. loti wt, ΔnifA or ΔnifH fix‐ strains. Moreover,sulfate uptake and its distribution into different plant organs were analyzed and 35S‐flux intodifferent S‐pools was monitored. Metabolite profiling revealed that symbiotic nitrogen fixa‐tion results in dramatic changes of many aspects of primary and secondary metabolism innodules which leads to global reprogramming of metabolism of the model legume on awhole‐plant level. Moreover, our data revealed that nitrogen fixing nodules represent athiol‐rich organ. Their high APR activity and 35S‐flux into cysteine and its metabolites in com‐bination with the transcriptional up‐regulation of several genes involved in sulfur assimila‐tion highlight the function of nodules as a new site of sulfur assimilation. The higher thiolcontent observed in non‐symbiotic organs of nitrogen fixing plants in comparison touninoculated plants cannot be attributed to local biosynthesis, indicating that nodules couldserve as a novel source of reduced sulfur for the plant, which triggers whole‐plant repro‐gramming of sulfur metabolism. Interestingly, the changes in metabolite profiling and theenhanced thiol biosynthesis in nodules and their impact on the whole‐plant sulfur, carbonand nitrogen economy are dampened in fix‐ plants, which in most respects metabolically re‐sembled uninoculated plants, indicating a strong interaction between nitrogen fixation andsulfur and carbon metabolism.

scholarly journals The rhizobial autotransporter determines the symbiotic nitrogen fixation activity of Lotus japonicus in a host-specific manner

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (3) ◽  
pp. 1806-1815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshikazu Shimoda ◽  
Yuki Nishigaya ◽  
Hiroko Yamaya-Ito ◽  
Noritoshi Inagaki ◽  
Yosuke Umehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Host Plant ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Strain Specificity ◽  
Passenger Domain ◽  
Aspartic Peptidase ◽  
Specific Manner

Leguminous plants establish endosymbiotic associations with rhizobia and form root nodules in which the rhizobia fix atmospheric nitrogen. The host plant and intracellular rhizobia strictly control this symbiotic nitrogen fixation. We recently reported a Lotus japonicus Fix− mutant, apn1 (aspartic peptidase nodule-induced 1), that impairs symbiotic nitrogen fixation. APN1 encodes a nodule-specific aspartic peptidase involved in the Fix− phenotype in a rhizobial strain-specific manner. This host-strain specificity implies that some molecular interactions between host plant APN1 and rhizobial factors are required, although the biological function of APN1 in nodules and the mechanisms governing the interactions are unknown. To clarify how rhizobial factors are involved in strain-specific nitrogen fixation, we explored transposon mutants of Mesorhizobium loti strain TONO, which normally form Fix− nodules on apn1 roots, and identified TONO mutants that formed Fix+ nodules on apn1. The identified causal gene encodes an autotransporter, part of a protein secretion system of Gram-negative bacteria. Expression of the autotransporter gene in M. loti strain MAFF3030399, which normally forms Fix+ nodules on apn1 roots, resulted in Fix− nodules. The autotransporter of TONO functions to secrete a part of its own protein (a passenger domain) into extracellular spaces, and the recombinant APN1 protein cleaved the passenger protein in vitro. The M. loti autotransporter showed the activity to induce the genes involved in nodule senescence in a dose-dependent manner. Therefore, we conclude that the nodule-specific aspartic peptidase, APN1, suppresses negative effects of the rhizobial autotransporter in order to maintain effective symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules.

scholarly journals The SNARE Protein SYP71 Expressed in Vascular Tissues Is Involved in Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Lotus japonicus Nodules

2012 ◽  
Vol 160 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Hakoyama ◽  
Ryo Oi ◽  
Kazuya Hazuma ◽  
Eri Suga ◽  
Yuka Adachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Snare Protein ◽  
Vascular Tissues

scholarly journals Induction and Spatial Organization of Polyamine Biosynthesis During Nodule Development in Lotus japonicus

2004 ◽  
Vol 17 (12) ◽  
pp. 1283-1293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanouil Flemetakis ◽  
Rodica C. Efrose ◽  
Guilhem Desbrosses ◽  
Maria Dimou ◽  
Costas Delis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Cyclin D3 ◽  
Nodule Development ◽  
Cdna Clones ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Polyamine Biosynthesis ◽  
Transcript Levels

Putrescine and other polyamines are produced by two alternative pathways in plants. One pathway starts with the enzyme arginine decarboxylase (ADC; EC 4.1.1.19), the other with ornithine decarboxylase (ODC; EC 4.1.1.17). Metabolite profiling of nitrogen-fixing Lotus japonicus nodules, using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, revealed a two- to sixfold increase in putrescine levels in mature nodules compared with other organs. Genes involved in polyamine biosynthesis in L. japonicus nodules were identified by isolating cDNA clones encoding ADC (LjADC1) and ODC (LjODC) from a nodule library. Searches of the public expressed sequence tag databases revealed the presence of a second gene encoding ADC (LjADC2). Real-time reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that LjADC1 and LjADC2 were expressed throughout the plant, while LjODC transcripts were detected only in nodules and roots. Induction of LjODC and LjADC gene expression during nodule development preceded symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Transcripts accumulation was maximal at 10 days postinfection, when a 6.5-fold increase in the transcript levels of LjODC was observed in comparison with the uninfected roots, while a twofold increase in the transcript levels of LjADC1 and LjADC2 was detected. At later stages of nodule development, transcripts for ADC drastically declined, while in the case of ODC, transcript accumulation was higher than that in roots until after 21 days postinfection. The expression profile of genes involved in putrescine biosynthesis correlated well with the expression patterns of genes involved in cell division and expansion, including a L. japonicus Cyclin D3 and an α-expansin gene. Spatial localization of LjODC and LjADC1 gene transcripts in developing nodules revealed that both transcripts were expressed in nodule inner cortical cells and in the central tissue. High levels of LjADC1 transcripts were also observed in both nodule and connecting root vascular tissue, suggesting that putrescine and other polyamines may be subject to long-distance transport. Our results indicate that polyamines are primarily involved in physiological and cellular processes involved in nodule development, rather than in processes that support directly symbiotic nitrogen fixation and assimilation.

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation at the Late Stage of Nodule Formation in Lotus japonicus and Other Legume Plants

2000 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Tajima ◽  
Kenichi Takane ◽  
Mika Nomura ◽  
Hiroshi Kouchi
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Late Stage ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Legume Plants

scholarly journals A Dicarboxylate Transporter, LjALMT4, Mainly Expressed in Nodules of Lotus japonicus

2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 584-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kojiro Takanashi ◽  
Takayuki Sasaki ◽  
Tomohiro Kan ◽  
Yuka Saida ◽  
Akifumi Sugiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Vascular Bundles ◽  
Transport Activity ◽  
Organ Specific ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
Photosynthetic Products ◽  
Strong Candidate

Legume plants can establish symbiosis with soil bacteria called rhizobia to obtain nitrogen as a nutrient directly from atmospheric N2 via symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Legumes and rhizobia form nodules, symbiotic organs in which fixed-nitrogen and photosynthetic products are exchanged between rhizobia and plant cells. The photosynthetic products supplied to rhizobia are thought to be dicarboxylates but little is known about the movement of dicarboxylates in the nodules. In terms of dicarboxylate transporters, an aluminum-activated malate transporter (ALMT) family is a strong candidate responsible for the membrane transport of carboxylates in nodules. Among the seven ALMT genes in the Lotus japonicus genome, only one, LjALMT4, shows a high expression in the nodules. LjALMT4 showed transport activity in a Xenopus oocyte system, with LjALMT4 mediating the efflux of dicarboxylates including malate, succinate, and fumarate, but not tricarboxylates such as citrate. LjALMT4 also mediated the influx of several inorganic anions. Organ-specific gene expression analysis showed LjALMT4 mRNA mainly in the parenchyma cells of nodule vascular bundles. These results suggest that LjALMT4 may not be involved in the direct supply of dicarboxylates to rhizobia in infected cells but is responsible for supplying malate as well as several anions necessary for symbiotic nitrogen fixation, via nodule vasculatures.

scholarly journals Lotus japonicus alters in planta fitness of Mesorhizobium loti dependent on symbiotic nitrogen fixation

PLoS ONE ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. e0185568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenjiro W. Quides ◽  
Glenna M. Stomackin ◽  
Hsu-Han Lee ◽  
Jeff H. Chang ◽  
Joel L. Sachs
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
In Planta ◽  
Mesorhizobium Loti

3-Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase in Mesorhizobioum loti is essential for maintaining symbiotic nitrogen fixation of Lotus japonicus root nodules

2010 ◽  
Vol 336 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 233-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nanthipak Thapanapongworakul ◽  
Mika Nomura ◽  
Tan Van Dao ◽  
Yoshikazu Shimoda ◽  
Shusei Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Root Nodules ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase

scholarly journals The Integral Membrane Protein SEN1 is Required for Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation in Lotus japonicus Nodules

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tsuneo Hakoyama ◽  
Kaori Niimi ◽  
Takeshi Yamamoto ◽  
Sawa Isobe ◽  
Shusei Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Lotus Japonicus ◽  
Integral Membrane Protein

scholarly journals Enhanced symbiotic nitrogen fixation by Lotus japonicus containing an antisense .BETA.-1,3-glucanase gene

2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akihiro Suzuki ◽  
Kenji Yamashita ◽  
Mami Ishihara ◽  
Ken-ichi Nakahara ◽  
Mikiko Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Lotus Japonicus
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