scholarly journals TGACG-BINDING FACTOR 1 (TGA1) and TGA4 regulate salicylic acid and pipecolic acid biosynthesis by modulating the expression ofSYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT 1(SARD1) andCALMODULIN-BINDING PROTEIN 60g(CBP60g)

2017 ◽  
Vol 217 (1) ◽  
pp. 344-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongjun Sun ◽  
Lucas Busta ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Pingtao Ding ◽  
Reinhard Jetter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Pipecolic Acid ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Binding Factor

scholarly journals The plastidial exporter Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 5 is required for the biosynthesis of N-hydroxy pipecolic acid

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrij Rekhter ◽  
Lennart Mohnike ◽  
Kirstin Feussner ◽  
Krzysztof Zienkiewicz ◽  
Yuelin Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Disease Susceptibility ◽  
Plant Immunity ◽  
Active Form ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Pipecolic Acid

AbstractPipecolic acid is essential for the establishment of systemic acquired resistance in plants. It is synthesized in the plastid and further processed in the cytosol to its active form N-hydroxy pipecolic acid. Here we provide strong evidence that the exporter Enhanced Disease Susceptibility 5 is required for the biosynthesis of not only salicylic acid, but also N-hydroxy pipecolic acid, suggesting that it represents a convergent point of plant immunity.

scholarly journals Pipecolic Acid Orchestrates Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance and Defense Priming via Salicylic Acid-Dependent and -Independent Pathways

2015 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 102-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
Friederike Bernsdorff ◽  
Anne-Christin Döring ◽  
Katrin Gruner ◽  
Stefan Schuck ◽  
Andrea Bräutigam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Pipecolic Acid ◽  
Defense Priming

scholarly journals Characterization of a Pipecolic Acid Biosynthesis Pathway Required for Systemic Acquired Resistance

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 2603-2615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pingtao Ding ◽  
Dmitrij Rekhter ◽  
Yuli Ding ◽  
Kirstin Feussner ◽  
Lucas Busta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Pipecolic Acid ◽  
Biosynthesis Pathway ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis

scholarly journals Redox-active cysteines in TGACG-BINDING FACTOR 1 (TGA1) do not play a role in salicylic acid- or pathogen-induced expression of TGA1-regulated target genes in Arabidopsis thaliana

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Budimir ◽  
Katrin Treffon ◽  
Aswin Nair ◽  
Corinna Thurow ◽  
Christiane Gatz
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Systemic Acquired Resistance ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Signaling Cascade ◽  
List Type ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Redox Active ◽  
Binding Factor ◽  
Pathogenesis Related

SummarySalicylic acid (SA) is an important signaling molecule of the plant immune system.SA biosynthesis is indirectly modulated by the closely related transcription factors TGA1 (TGACG-BINDING FACTOR 1) and TGA4. They activate expression of SARD1 (SYSTEMIC ACQUIRED RESISTANCE DEFICIENT1), the gene product of which regulates the key SA biosynthesis gene ICS1 (ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE 1).Since TGA1 interacts with the SA receptor NPR1 (NON EXPRESSOR OF PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENES 1) in a redox-dependent manner and since the redox state of TGA1 is altered in SA-treated plants, TGA1 was assumed to play a role in the NPR1-dependent signaling cascade. Here we identified 193 out of 2090 SA-induced genes that require TGA1/TGA4 for maximal expression after SA treatment. One robustly TGA1/TGA4-dependent gene encodes for the SA hydroxylase DLO1 (DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANT 6-LIKE OXYGENASE 1) suggesting an additional regulatory role of TGA1/TGA4 in SA catabolism.Expression of TGA1/TGA4-dependent genes in mock/SA-treated or Pseudomonas-infected plants was rescued in the tga1 tga4 double mutant after introduction of a mutant genomic TGA1 fragment encoding a TGA1 protein without any cysteines. Thus, the functional significance of the observed redox modification of TGA1 in SA-treated tissues has remained enigmatic.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTPrevious findings demonstrating a redox-dependent interaction between transcription factor TGA1 and NPR1 attracted considerable attention. Here we show that TGA1 can act in the NPR1- and SA-dependent signaling cascade, but that its SA-regulated redox-active cysteines do not affect its function in this process.

scholarly journals Salicylic Acid Biosynthesis and Metabolism: A Divergent Pathway for Plants and Bacteria

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 705
Author(s):  
Awdhesh Kumar Mishra ◽  
Kwang-Hyun Baek
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Shikimate Pathway ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Defense Responses ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Biosynthetic Enzyme ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Clusters ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Common Precursor

Salicylic acid (SA) is an active secondary metabolite that occurs in bacteria, fungi, and plants. SA and its derivatives (collectively called salicylates) are synthesized from chorismate (derived from shikimate pathway). SA is considered an important phytohormone that regulates various aspects of plant growth, environmental stress, and defense responses against pathogens. Besides plants, a large number of bacterial species, such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azospirillum, Salmonella, Achromobacter, Vibrio, Yersinia, and Mycobacteria, have been reported to synthesize salicylates through the NRPS/PKS biosynthetic gene clusters. This bacterial salicylate production is often linked to the biosynthesis of small ferric-ion-chelating molecules, salicyl-derived siderophores (known as catecholate) under iron-limited conditions. Although bacteria possess entirely different biosynthetic pathways from plants, they share one common biosynthetic enzyme, isochorismate synthase, which converts chorismate to isochorismate, a common precursor for synthesizing SA. Additionally, SA in plants and bacteria can undergo several modifications to carry out their specific functions. In this review, we will systematically focus on the plant and bacterial salicylate biosynthesis and its metabolism.

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