scholarly journals Cloud forest trees with higher foliar water uptake capacity and anisohydric behavior are more vulnerable to drought and climate change

2016 ◽  
Vol 211 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleiton B. Eller ◽  
Aline L. Lima ◽  
Rafael S. Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Cloud Forest ◽  
Forest Trees ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity ◽  
Foliar Water Uptake

Vertical gradients in foliar physiology of tall Picea sitchensis trees

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy P Kerhoulas ◽  
Ariel S Weisgrau ◽  
Emily C Hoeft ◽  
Nicholas J Kerhoulas
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Picea Sitchensis ◽  
Leaf Structure ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Photosynthetic Rates ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity ◽  
Foliar Water Uptake

Abstract In tall conifers, leaf structure can vary dramatically with height due to decreasing water potential (Ψ) and increasing light availability. This variation in leaf structure can have physiological consequences such as increased respiratory costs, reduced internal carbon dioxide conductance rates and ultimately reduced maximum photosynthetic rates (Amax). In Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carrière, the leaf structure varies along the vertical gradient in ways that suggest compensatory changes to enhance photosynthesis, and this variation seems to be driven largely by light availability rather than by Ψ. These trends in leaf structure coupled with remarkably fast growth rates and dependence on moist environments inspire two important questions about P. sitchensis: (i) does foliar water uptake minimize the adverse effects of decreasing Ψ with height on leaf structure, and (ii) do trends in leaf structure increase photosynthetic rates despite increasing height? To answer these questions, we measured foliar water uptake capacity, predawn (Ψpd) and midday water potential and gas-exchange rates as they varied between 25- and 89-m heights in 300-year-old P. sitchensis trees in northwestern California. Our major findings for P. sitchensis include the following: (i) foliar water uptake capacity was quite high relative to published values for other woody species; (ii) foliar water uptake capacity increased between the crown base and treetop; (iii) wet season Ψpd was higher than predicted by the gravitational potential gradient, indicating foliar water uptake; and (iv) the maximum photosynthetic rate increased with height, presumably due to shifts in leaf structure between the crown base and treetop, mitigating height-related decreases in Amax. These findings suggest that together, the use of fog, dew and rain deposits on leaves and shifts in the leaf structure to conserve and possibly enhance photosynthetic capacity likely contribute to the rapid growth rates measured in this species.

scholarly journals Strengthening of Porcine Plasma Protein Superabsorbent Materials through a Solubilization-Freeze-Drying Process

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 772
Author(s):  
Estefanía Álvarez-Castillo ◽  
Carlos Bengoechea ◽  
Antonio Guerrero
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
Plasma Protein ◽  
Freeze Drying ◽  
Meat Industry ◽  
Drying Process ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity ◽  
Protein Flour ◽  
Hydrophilic Materials ◽  
By Products

The replacement of common acrylic derivatives by biodegradable materials in the formulation of superabsorbent materials would lessen the associated environmental impact. Moreover, the use of by-products or biowastes from the food industry that are usually discarded would promote a desired circular economy. The present study deals with the development of superabsorbent materials based on a by-product from the meat industry, namely plasma protein, focusing on the effects of a freeze-drying stage before blending with glycerol and eventual injection molding. More specifically, this freeze-drying stage is carried out either directly on the protein flour or after its solubilization in deionized water (10% w/w). Superabsorbent materials obtained after this solubilization-freeze-drying process display higher Young’s modulus and tensile strength values, without affecting their water uptake capacity. As greater water uptake is commonly related to poorer mechanical properties, the proposed solubilization-freeze-drying process is a useful strategy for producing strengthened hydrophilic materials.

Synthesis and characterization of poly(glycerol sebacate)-based elastomeric copolyesters for tissue engineering applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (14) ◽  
pp. 2553-2564 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yating Jia ◽  
Weizhong Wang ◽  
Xiaojun Zhou ◽  
Wei Nie ◽  
Liang Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Synthesis And Characterization ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Engineering Applications ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity

A poly(glycerol sebacate)-based elastomeric copolyesters with improved mechanical properties and higher water uptake capacity.

Enhanced stability and water solubilizing capacity of water-in-oil microemulsions based on protic ionic liquids

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (38) ◽  
pp. 26132-26144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akhil Pratap Singh ◽  
Kaushik Kundu ◽  
Vikram Singh ◽  
Ramesh L. Gardas ◽  
Sanjib Senapati
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Protic Ionic Liquids ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity ◽  
Solubilizing Capacity ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Enhanced Stability

In view of this limited research on pILs in microemulsions, here we study the formation and characterization of a series of pIL–water/oil microemulsions with specific questions on the effect of pILs on water uptake capacity and thermal stability of W/O microemulsions.

Termination of swelling capacity of smectites by Cutrien exchange

Clay Minerals ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kaufhold ◽  
R. Dohrmann ◽  
K. Ufer ◽  
R. Kleeberg ◽  
H. Stanjek
Keyword(s):  
Water Uptake ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Interlayer Water ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Fe Content ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity ◽  
Swelling Capacity ◽  
Adsorption Processes ◽  
Interlayer Region

AbstractThe Cu-triethylenetetramine-complex (Cutrien) is one of the commonly used index cations for CEC determination in clay science. Cutrien-exchanged smectites show basal spacings between 13.0 and 13.5 Å after correction for the Lorentz and polarization factors. The full width at half maximum (FWHM) of the d001 reflection is today related to the percentage of tetrahedral charge (beidellitic character) and/or to the Fe content of the smectites. The structural Fe content and the tetrahedral charge correlate, so their individual influence on d001 cannot be resolved. Nevertheless, the FWHM of Cutrien smectites should depend on the charge distribution rather than the Fe content.X-ray diffraction (XRD) and water uptake capacity measurements showed that the interlayer of Cutrien-exchanged smectites does not swell any more, but can take up a few water molecules. Accordingly, the water uptake capacity of the external surface area can be determined independently from the interlayer water uptake capacity. Adjusting the pH of Cutrien-bentonite dispersion to different values allows for the determination of the variable charge.In conclusion, Cutrien exchange of smectites appears to be suitable for the study of external surfaces area related phenomena (e.g. edge adsorption processes) without any influence of the interlayer region.

A significant enhancement of water vapour uptake at low pressure by amine-functionalization of UiO-67

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 2047-2051 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nakeun Ko ◽  
Jisu Hong ◽  
Siyoung Sung ◽  
Kyle E. Cordova ◽  
Hye Jeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapour ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Metal Organic Framework ◽  
Significant Enhancement ◽  
Relative Pressure ◽  
Amine Functionalization ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity ◽  
Metal Organic ◽  
Water Vapour Uptake

The functionalization of the metal–organic framework, UiO-67, with –NH2 groups is proven effective for increasing the water uptake capacity at low relative pressure at 298 K.

scholarly journals Water and methanol adsorption on MOFs for cycling heat transformation processes

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 1846-1852 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felix Jeremias ◽  
Dominik Fröhlich ◽  
Christoph Janiak ◽  
Stefan K. Henninger
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
High Water ◽  
Heat Pumps ◽  
Uptake Capacity ◽  
Water Uptake Capacity ◽  
Temperature Heat ◽  
Thermally Driven ◽  
Heat Transformation ◽  
Transformation Processes

MOFs with high water uptake capacity and hydrothermal stability are gaining attention for low temperature heat transformation applications such as thermally driven adsorption chillers or adsorption heat pumps.

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